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Case for action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
A high school diploma is not the last educational stop required ,[object Object],Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna M. Desrochers,  Standards for What? The Economic Roots of K–16 Reform,  Educational Testing Service, 2003. Share of new jobs, 2000–10
In today’s workforce, jobs require more education than ever before -23% -9% +16% +16% Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna M. Desrochers,  Standards for What? The Economic Roots of K–16 Reform,  ETS, 2003. Change in the distribution of education in jobs 1973 v. 2001
American Diploma Project: Identifying knowledge and skills students need to succeed in college and work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
To be college and work ready, students need to complete a rigorous sequence of courses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],To cover the content that American Diploma Project research shows students need to be college and work ready, high school graduates need to complete:
Whether graduates are going to college or work, they need the same skills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Even blue-collar jobs require high-level skills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sources: American Diploma Project ,  2002; The Associated General Contractors of America (AGC)  http://www.agc.org/page.ww?section=About+AGC&name=About+AGC .
Students who take advanced courses are more likely to earn a college degree Bachelor’s degree attainment by highest level of math reached, high school classes of 1982 and 1992 Source: Adelman, Clifford,  The Toolbox Revisited: Paths to Degree Completion from High School through College,  Table 5, U.S. Department of Education, 2006.
And more education means more earning power Source: College Board,  Education Pays,  2004. $2.5 million $50,000 Bachelor’s degree $1.8 million $38,000 Associate degree $1.4 million $31,000 High school diploma $1.1 million $22,000 High school dropout Average Lifetime Earnings Average Annual Earnings Education
How prepared are our students?
Only about half of African American and Latino students graduate from high school in four years Source: Manhattan Institute ,  Public High School Graduation and College-Readiness Rates: 1991–2002 ,  February 2005, http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/ewp_08.htm. On-time high school graduation, 2002
High school graduation rate: United States trails most developed countries Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,  Education at a Glance 2004,  2004.
Yet only thirteen states require a  college- and work-ready diploma … although others plan to Source: Achieve Survey/Research, 2007.
Most state testing systems do not assess college and work readiness  ,[object Object],[object Object],*Source: Center on Education Policy,  State High School Exit Exams: States Try Harder, But Gaps Persist,  August 2005. **Source: Achieve Survey/Research, 2006.
Graduation exams in 26 states establish the performance “floor” Figure reads:  Alaska has a mandatory exit exam in 2005 and is withholding diplomas from students based on exam performance. Arizona is phasing in a mandatory exit exam and plans to begin withholding diplomas based on this exam in 2006. Connecticut does not have an exit exam, nor is it scheduled to implement one. Source: Center on Education Policy, based on information collected from state departments of education, July 2005.
What does it take to pass state tests? ,[object Object],[object Object]
The tests Achieve analyzed Source: Achieve, Inc.,  Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams,  2004.
Students can pass state math tests knowing content typically taught in  7th and 8th grade internationally  FL  MD  MA  NJ  OH  TX Source: Achieve, Inc.,  Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams,  2004. Grade when most international students cover content required to pass state math tests
Students can pass state English tests with skills ACT expects of 8th and 9th graders FL MD MA NJ OH TX ACT EXPLORE (8th/9th) ACT PLAN (10th) ACT  (11th/12th) Source: Achieve, Inc.,  Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams,  2004.
Postsecondary remediation offers a second chance, but it comes with a steep price tag ,[object Object]
Too many students need remediation in core subjects ,[object Object],Percentage of U.S. first-year students in two-year and four-year institutions requiring remediation Source: National Center for Education Statistics,  Remedial Education at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions in Fall 2000,  2003.
Source: National Center for Education Statistics,  The Condition of Education,  2004. And most U.S. college students who take remedial courses fail to earn degrees Many college students who need remediation, especially in reading and math, do not earn either an associate or a bachelor’s degree. Percentage of college students not earning degree by type of remedial coursework
The result: United States also lags behind most developed countries in college graduation rates Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,  Education at a Glance 2004,  2004.
[object Object]
Most high school graduates were moderately challenged All high school  graduates College students Students who did not go to college Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
Many high school  graduates cite gaps in preparation  High school graduates who went to college 61% 39% 53% 46% High school graduates who did not go to college How well did your high school education prepare you for college or the work/jobs you hope to get in the future? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
College  instructors/employers confirm high school graduates’ lack of preparation Average estimated proportions of recent high school graduates who are not prepared Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
Knowing  what they know today, high school graduates would have worked harder   Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
If high school had  demanded more, graduates would have worked harder   82% 80% ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],High school graduates who went to college High school graduates who did not go to college Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
Majority of  graduates would have taken harder courses   Knowing what you know today about the expectations of college/work … Would have taken more challenging courses in: Would have taken more challenging courses in at  least one area Math Science English Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies,  Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work?  prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
Closing the expectations gap requires states to take action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The Case For Action

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. In today’s workforce, jobs require more education than ever before -23% -9% +16% +16% Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. and Donna M. Desrochers, Standards for What? The Economic Roots of K–16 Reform, ETS, 2003. Change in the distribution of education in jobs 1973 v. 2001
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Students who take advanced courses are more likely to earn a college degree Bachelor’s degree attainment by highest level of math reached, high school classes of 1982 and 1992 Source: Adelman, Clifford, The Toolbox Revisited: Paths to Degree Completion from High School through College, Table 5, U.S. Department of Education, 2006.
  • 11. And more education means more earning power Source: College Board, Education Pays, 2004. $2.5 million $50,000 Bachelor’s degree $1.8 million $38,000 Associate degree $1.4 million $31,000 High school diploma $1.1 million $22,000 High school dropout Average Lifetime Earnings Average Annual Earnings Education
  • 12. How prepared are our students?
  • 13. Only about half of African American and Latino students graduate from high school in four years Source: Manhattan Institute , Public High School Graduation and College-Readiness Rates: 1991–2002 , February 2005, http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/ewp_08.htm. On-time high school graduation, 2002
  • 14. High school graduation rate: United States trails most developed countries Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance 2004, 2004.
  • 15. Yet only thirteen states require a college- and work-ready diploma … although others plan to Source: Achieve Survey/Research, 2007.
  • 16.
  • 17. Graduation exams in 26 states establish the performance “floor” Figure reads: Alaska has a mandatory exit exam in 2005 and is withholding diplomas from students based on exam performance. Arizona is phasing in a mandatory exit exam and plans to begin withholding diplomas based on this exam in 2006. Connecticut does not have an exit exam, nor is it scheduled to implement one. Source: Center on Education Policy, based on information collected from state departments of education, July 2005.
  • 18.
  • 19. The tests Achieve analyzed Source: Achieve, Inc., Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams, 2004.
  • 20. Students can pass state math tests knowing content typically taught in 7th and 8th grade internationally FL MD MA NJ OH TX Source: Achieve, Inc., Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams, 2004. Grade when most international students cover content required to pass state math tests
  • 21. Students can pass state English tests with skills ACT expects of 8th and 9th graders FL MD MA NJ OH TX ACT EXPLORE (8th/9th) ACT PLAN (10th) ACT (11th/12th) Source: Achieve, Inc., Do Graduation Tests Measure Up? A Closer Look at State High School Exit Exams, 2004.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education, 2004. And most U.S. college students who take remedial courses fail to earn degrees Many college students who need remediation, especially in reading and math, do not earn either an associate or a bachelor’s degree. Percentage of college students not earning degree by type of remedial coursework
  • 25. The result: United States also lags behind most developed countries in college graduation rates Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance 2004, 2004.
  • 26.
  • 27. Most high school graduates were moderately challenged All high school graduates College students Students who did not go to college Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies, Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
  • 28.
  • 29. College instructors/employers confirm high school graduates’ lack of preparation Average estimated proportions of recent high school graduates who are not prepared Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies, Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
  • 30. Knowing what they know today, high school graduates would have worked harder Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies, Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
  • 31.
  • 32. Majority of graduates would have taken harder courses Knowing what you know today about the expectations of college/work … Would have taken more challenging courses in: Would have taken more challenging courses in at least one area Math Science English Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies, Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? prepared for Achieve, Inc., 2005.
  • 33.