Eco House Project - Rammed Earth
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An earthen house built and integrated into an Eco Village in the Philippines
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Eco House Project - Rammed Earth
- 1. The Nebraska House Project by Keith Mikkelson and Brian Shafer
- 2. Aloha House is developing an ecological village to better cater to its social welfare services participants. It operates a children’s home on an urban farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines as well as a 7- hectare sustainable farm and community development called Aloha Ranch and Organic Farm.
- 4. Aloha Ranch and Organic Farm An Eco Village Half way to the Underground River Aloha House An Orphanage on an Organic Farm Aloha Kitchen Artisan Farmstead Cheeses, Salsas, Jams and more 2 hectares 5 acres 13 rai 31 dou 7 hectares 17 acres 43 rai 108 dou
- 5. Aloha Ranch and Organic Farm is an Eco-village with sustainable practices integrated into the entire design. The farm is certified Organic in the Philippines and supplies local chefs, restaurants and families in the community. The featured building in this article is a structurally self- supporting rammed earth house without any steel reinforced cement columns. The monolithic rammed earth walls are the columns! A team of four builders on Aloha Ranch completed this third house on the site during the fall months of 2015.
- 7. Aloha Ranch and Organic Farm An Ecological Village for Permaculture Enthusiasts Vision See entire communities empowered with sustainable living by the grace of God Mission Equip people and develop sites that utilize and practice permanent agriculture at the household and community level with a shared land ethic Goals Develop a highly productive ecological system on a 7 hectare site Integrate people by building hybrid earthen housing for residents and visitors Equip the neighboring community to participate in the prosperity of the system Living with a Land Ethic that builds people, soils, food, ecology and the planet!
- 9. The rammed earth house is now listed on the map as “The Nebraska House” indicating the origin of the builder. It was designed with a native bamboo nipa thatched roof and was completed by three of my trained earth builders plus one student laboring for 243 paid man-hours with a final cost of under $3,000.00 An additional 100+ hours of owner and student labor was invested in this project.
- 10. Rammed Earth Mushroom House Hybrid Earthen Home Building Course November 2014 Aloha House Philippines Brian Shafer Keith Mikkelson The student builder, Brian Shafer, was an intern at Aloha House and had experience with rammed earth while building a mushroom house at our urban farm and orphanage.
- 11. Brian saw first hand the benefits of lightweight insulative-rammed earth living on an ecological village integrated with the environment. In regards to additional labor, it was I, Keith Mikkelson, project supervisor and designer who spent approximately 45 hours on the project designing, consulting, checking on plan compliance and troubleshooting. We learned many things on this third structure. One of our challenges was rain; it was our first project during rainy season and earth structures need to be protected from the rains. A temporary tarp system was implemented.
- 12. Earth as a building material comes in many different compositions and can be processed into a highly insulative lightweight material for tropical living. Rice husk (hull) is 50% of the wall material offering amazing insulative qualities. Loam as a clayey soil has different names when used in various applications. Rammed earth, soil blocks, mud bricks and adobe are all ancient earth building methods. Often sand and clay is balanced with straw for cob construction. Our building technique utilizes a moistened blend of 3 parts rice hull and 2 parts high clay loam (40% clay) with 3% stabilization using Portland cement and rice hull ash with inert agricultural limestone added to keep termites out. It is one of the few building techniques that can be done successfully with a cement mixer.
- 13. Manual ramming or tamping is firm but the wall material is not compacted to the point of removing air space in the rice hull. The mixture is loaded in the form and leveled to 10 cm and tamped down to 6-7 cm. The lightweight loam is dumped into a movable slip form that is raised as the tamping is completed in the two- foot form. A team of four men can ram a 240 cm. wide wall 20 cm. wide up to 3 meters in one day. Electrical conduit was rammed into the wall as it was built. Wood was timbered on site and the owner/builder harvested the necessary boards that were then finished by the carpenter on the team. A fixing agent (ethylene glycol) was used to penetrate the wood and bamboo timbers by boiling the glycol in a kettle and then adding the two boron forms. All bamboo was glycol/boron treated with a paintbrush.
- 14. We design for earthquake and typhoon resistant structures. Our structures are hexagonal to withstand lateral forces during earthquakes or tidal wave / tsunami intrusion. The hexagon has strengths that are unique in structural design. Our design is based on Dr. Gernot Minke’s research conducted continuously at the Forschungslabor fur Experimentelles Bauen (Building Research Institute) at the University of Kassel in Germany since 1978. We utilized his book Building with Earth: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture for our design. The inner living space measures 19 sq. meters (203 sq. ft.) and the house has an out door kitchen and patio area of 20 sq. meters including the shower and composting toilet. A rammed earth rocket stove utilizes sticks from the forest to efficiently produce heat for cooking. Poured concrete pavers were chosen for their durability and treated with an acid stain of iron sulphate (a fertilizer) and sealed with slate sealant.
- 15. Other sustainable design features include gutters for rainwater catchment with the over flow maintaining a small fishpond. A rammed earthen herb spiral and vegetable garden is included as well as a small green house nursery. Bottle lights were installed to bring in natural light to the out door kitchen. An evaporative cooler (Zeer cooler) was built to keep produce fresh and cheeses from over ripening. A Pompeii dome rammed earth rocket oven was added 2 years later to supply fresh baked bread, pizza and other roasted foods. Insect screening will be added for our next houseguests and solar power will be retrofitted. Electrical conduit was rammed into the wall as it was built. The structure integrates with our Permaculture Master Plan and will serve many students and guests in the coming years. Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 16. We are now building the next structure across from the Nebraska House with additional features as we learn and implement our techniques
- 17. Mushroom House Cooking School Culinary School Food Processing Lab Restaurant Farm Store Bakery (WFO) Staff Kitchen Green House Eco Village Staff Housing Mik House Training Area OrphanageAgriculture Habitation Production Picnic Area Water Slide Raised Beds Orchards Livestock Creamery Charcoal Pre-School Dairy ✔Fencing ✔Deep well ✔Carpenters shed Coffee Shop
- 19. SPRING FED Nebraska House House Integration for Zone Planning
- 20. Key Zone 1 & 2 SPRING FED Nebraska House House Integration for Zone Planning
- 21. Key Zone 1 & 2 Zone 3 SPRING FED Nebraska House House Integration for Zone Planning
- 22. Key Zone 1 & 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 SPRING FED Nebraska House House Integration for Zone Planning
- 23. Zone 1 & 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Key SPRING FED Nebraska House House Integration for Zone Planning
- 24. Nebraska House
- 30. Plinth Structural wall 40cm 20cm Hybrid Earthen Home Foundation detail EH 3 12mm RCB THE BUILD
- 31. Hybrid Earthen Home Foundation detail EH 3 THE BUILD
- 32. Hybrid Earthen Home Foundation detail EH 3
- 34. 1 Binder 2 clay soil 3 Ricehull 5-10 liters water
- 35. Hybrid Earthen Homes Rammed Window EH 3
- 36. Formwork 2 Ends [1/2 round] 2 9 ft shuttering 4 slotted angle bar 8 rod bracing 8 wing nut 1 framing for ends
- 37. Hybrid Earthen Homes Shuttering Formwork EH 3 Formwork 2 Ends[1/2 round] 2 9 ft shuttering 4 slotted angle bar 8 rod bracing 8 wing nut 1 framing for ends
- 38. Hybrid Earthen Homes Filling form holes EH 3
- 39. Hybrid Earthen Homes Wall One EH 3
- 40. Hybrid Earthen Homes Landscape detail EH 3
- 41. Hybrid Earthen Homes Extra materials form EH 3 Aloha Tools/machin es cement mixer lime paint mixer cordless drill trowels plum hose level spirit level shovels bolo planer chainsaw hack saw wood saw
- 42. For Compression testing Extra materials form EH 3
- 43. Hybrid Earthen Homes Lime/whey primer EH 3 …albuminate…
- 44. Hybrid Earthen Homes Soil Audit: 40% clay EH 3 clay silt sand
- 45. Hybrid Earthen Homes Lime/whey/clay finish EH 3
- 46. Nailess bamboo roof EH 3
- 47. Nailess bamboo roof EH 3
- 48. Nailess bamboo roof EH 3 Hardwood dowel Fish mouth joint
- 50. Nailess bamboo roof EH 3
- 51. Nipa roof tiles EH 3
- 52. Bamboo & Nipa thatch roof EH 3
- 55. Nailess bamboo roof EH 3
- 56. Free on site Timbers EH 3
- 57. Free on site Timbers EH 3
- 58. On site consultation EH 3
- 59. Rammed earthen floor EH 3
- 60. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 3 pails clay 1 pail sand ¼ pail Portland
- 61. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 3 pail clay 1 pail sand ¼ pail Portland
- 62. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 Troweled-burnished Tung oiled Waxed
- 63. Kyle Holzhueter
- 64. Choosing the right steel for you depends on your purpose： Jigane is unfired forged iron. Whereas a hard carbon steel tends to slide over a plaster, "soft" jigane iron will push and pull material, making it excellent at distributing plaster on wall. By "soft", we refer to the quality of the steel, not the flexibility of the trowel. Because Jigane is a soft steel, Jigane trowels tend to be thick, stiff and heavy. Jigane is suitable for scratch and brown coats of earthen or lime plaster. Hanyaki is fired once after forging. Hanyaki is suitable for all coats, and can also be used for cement based plasters as well. Abarayaki is steel that is forged, coated with oil, and then fired twice. It is harder than hanyaki and suitable for compressing plaster for a glossy finish. Honyaki is made in a similar fashion to abarayaki, but is fired at a higher temperature. Being a very hard carbon steel, it is suitable for earthen or lime finish coats and cement based plasters. Stainless steel is the hardest steel but can be produced so thin as to be flexible as well. It is used to apply thin coats and to smooth trowels marks.
- 66. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 Lived in
- 67. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 Zeer cooler
- 68. Nipa roof tiles EH 3 Acid stained pavers
- 69. Hybrid Earthen Homes Nipa roof tiles EH 3 Rammed herb spiral
- 70. Rammed herb spiral EH 3
- 77. Community kitchen EH 3 Lived in
- 78. Community kitchen EH 3 Lived in
- 79. Banana circle EH 3 Lived in
- 80. Rammed earthen house EH 3 Lived in Gutters
- 81. 120 watt Bottle lights Water catchment Shower/com posting toilet
- 82. Rammed earthen floor EH 3 High Thermal mass rocket stoves Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 83. Rammed earthen rocket stove EH 3 Rice hull gasifier
- 84. Natural Sealants Varnish Free Living Tung oil Ipil hardwood
- 85. Pure Tung Oil comes from cold pressing of the seeds or nuts of the Tung tree. Tung trees mainly grow in the mountainous regions of china away from industrialization and pollution. Climate, soil and air quality are essential for a high quality oil. Our 100% Pure Chinese Tung Oil or China wood oil is a all natural finish manufactured by pressing the tung nut, no petroleum distillates or other additives - just Pure Tung Oil. All Pure Tung Oils are not the same. Some low priced marketers will package South American Tung Oil (dark, greenish in color) and sell its as the higher quality Chinese Tung Oils. Chinese Pure Tung Oil is available in 3 grades, we only offer the best available, Grade 1 yellow. A better quality Pure Chinese Tung Oil will offer superior color, faster drying and a long term elastic finish. Elasticity is a important factor as the oil must continue to flex with the expansion and contraction of the substrate on which it is applied.
- 86. Citrus Natural Solvent, a paint thinner alternative, is used as a direct replacement for mineral spirits and odorless mineral spirits. Citrus Solvent can be used wherever paint thinner or mineral spirits are required as a natural, safer alternative. Citrus Solvent is not the same as any of the other "citrus-branded" cleaning products on the market, including Citrus Solve or Citri-Solve. It is, however, an excellent degreaser, paint thinner alternative, and can be used to replace petroleum chemicals such as mineral spirits. Citrus Solvent is 98% pure citrus peel oil extracted from the peel of the orange fruit; the other 2% is water. This small amount of water is emulsified in the solvent and will not raise wood grain but is released into the air as the solvent evaporates.
- 87. Natural Sealants Varnish Free Living Tung oil
- 88. Bamboo treatment
- 91. Natural Sealants Varnish Free Living Tung oil Tung oil Tung oil Stained Concrete Stained Concrete
- 93. Aloha Ranch Macarascas Rammed Rocket Stove Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 94. Rammed Rocket Stove Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 95. Rammed Rocket Stove Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 96. Rammed Rocket Stove Low Thermal mass rocket stoves
- 97. High Thermal mass charcoal stoves
- 101. Cast iron cooking
- 104. Herb spiral Rosal
- 106. Leopold bench
- 107. Proven Design Conservation bat house
- 108. Documented cost for Earth House 3 The Nebraska House
- 109. Materials and paid labor in USD Documented cost for Earth House Three The Nebraska House
- 110. Natural Living Score card- critical and financial considerations Material sources: on site bamboo and hardwoods_ On-site – labor cost Local – delivery cost Trucked – delivery cost Plinth height __30 cm_____ Plinth width____20 cm___ Lintel height 260 cm Window Tie beam Wall thickness width____________ Wall height ___240 cm_____ Structural support Wall only h:w _12:1______ Columns h:w _____________ Material Clay 40% Sand Lignin –rice hull Stabilizer Finish Plaster Painted clay -Albuminate Raw Roof material___thatch –nipa palm____ Roof overhang __120 cm__ Roof overhang ratio RO:WH _2:1___ Roof slope __40 deg._____ x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x
- 111. The Nebraska House