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7.1 7.2 powepoint cells 2010
- 1. Chapter 7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
- 2. Goal 1: Describe the structures and function of the cell nucleus
- 3. • Nuclear Envelope • Surrounds nuclear contents • Phospholipid bilayer membrane • Nuclear pores regulate molecule movement • Proteins • RNA
- 6. TEM picture
- 7. • Chromatin • DNA bound to proteins • Stores genetic material • Loosely floating
- 8. • Chromosomes • Condensed chromatin • Cell division • Contains DNA = genetic material
- 9. • Nucleolus • Small dense region • Ribosome assembly
- 10. • Summary of Nucleic Functions • Access to nucleic materials regulated • Contains genetic material as DNA • DNA prepared for cell division • First step in ribosome formation
- 11. Goal 2 Describe the structures and functions of the major cell organelles
- 12. • Ribosomes • RNA and protein • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Build protein chains
- 13. • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Near the nucleus • Ribosomes assemble proteins here RER • Lipids assembled on SER • Toxins are detoxified
- 16. • Golgi Apparatus • Closely stacked membranes • Modify, sort, package proteins and lipids • Stores • Transports for secretion
- 18. • Lysosomes • Small enzyme filled sac • Breaks down biomolecules & organelles • Tay-Sach’s disease
- 21. • Vacuole • Used for storage • Water , salts, proteins, carbohydrates • Central vacuole in plants • Contractile vacuole in paramecium
- 22. Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuoleCentral vacuoleCentral vacuole
- 23. • Mitochondria • Chemical energy conversion • Organelle with own double membrane • Human mitochondria passed on by maternal ovum • Contains own DNA
- 25. • Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis • Stacks of green membranes • Convert suns energy into chemical energy • Contains own DNA
- 28. Goal 3 Identify the main roles of the cytoskeleton
- 29. • Cytoskeleton • Protein filaments • Maintains cell shape • Cell movement
- 30. • Centrioles • Only in animal cells • Organizes cell parts during cell division
- 32. • Microfilaments • Thread-like, made of Actin • Provides flexible support and movement
- 33. • Microtubules • Hollow tubes made of tubulin • Provides support • Cell division • Cilia and flagella for cell movement
- 34. Cilia & Flagella
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Nuclear pore complex … largest protein complex in cell …
- TEM (transmission electron microscopy) picture taken in 1976
- Protectors of genetic info during cell division
- Ganglioside a lipid molecule that does not get broken down… build up of this lipid damages brain and nerve cells resulting in loss of functions (blind, deaf, unable to swallow) and eventual death, usually by age 4
- These are the notes that Exothermic added to this picture: “These progesterone treated CHO cells have been stained with Acridine Orange and are viewed through a phase contrast microscope. Acridine Orange is a vital stain and as such must be used on a living cell since metobolic activity is critial to the function of the stain. Upon entering organelles with a low pH such as lysosomes, Acridine Orange becomes protonated and appears orange when viewed under specific light wavelenths. In the nucleus, Acridine Orange attaches to DNA and appears green.Within seconds after these cells are exposed to the wavelenth of light that excites Acridine Orange the lysosomes would often burst, presenting us with a spectacular display. ”