Introduction to Android

1. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Part 1: Robot in the Making
Mike Rivera - Señior Android Developer @ Excitor Asia

2. Agenda
✤ What is a Smartphone?
✤ What is Android ?
✤ History of Android
✤ Features of Android
✤ The Android Architecture
✤ The Android Market
✤ Pros and Cons of Android OS
✤ The Future of Android

3. “I have always wished that my
computer would be as easy to
use as my telephone.
My wish has come true.
I no longer know how to use
my telephone.”

4. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Smartphones
Are simply intelligent and expensive mobile phones. Why?

5. Smartphones
✤ mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and
connectivity than a contemporary basic feature phone.
✤ may be thought of as handheld computers integrated within a mobile
telephone
✤ allows the user to install and run more advanced applications based
on a specific platform (Android Os,iOs etc.)
✤ Some popular devices are: Nexus One, iPhone 4, Blackberry Torch
and Htc Mozart

6. 66
Who uses smart
phone?
Geeks?
Students?
Businessman?
Young guys?
Old Folks?

7. Why should you develop
a mobile application?
It’s fun
Full of challenges
Many people in the world may use it
Become famous? Maybe
把妹 ?! 最好是把的到 !
Make money

8. What’s your target
users?
Everybody

9. 99
It’s a phone not a PC
• Less memory, less computing power
• Battery is its food
• Internet connection is not always on and stable
• Some operations cost user money
• Lot of hardware combination
• Different screen size
• With/without GPS
• Capacitive/Resistive/No touch screen
• ....

10. ✤ Analysis showed that Apple offers a platform that is relatively easy to master and using which a
developer can design great UIs.
Platforms most used in 2010
iOS
✤ They also have the largest app store and although the certification problem is an issue for some,
porting and fragmentation are not a challenge.
✤ Android, on the other hand, has been gaining momentum across all fields,
storming its competitors’ key market – the US.
✤ Android’s many fragmentation issues are often overlooked in the face of many handset OEMs’
dependency on the platform.
Android

11. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Android
software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.
a software platform and operating system for mobile
devices based on the Linux operating system.
It is acquired and improved by Google
and backed by the Open Handset
Alliance.
An open platform/source/free
software for developers, users &
industry.

13. • Qualcomm MSM7201A, 528
MHz
• ROM 256 MB
• RAM 192 MB
• 4.60 in x 2.16 in x 0.62 in
• 158 grams
• Lithium Ion battery,1150 mAh
• 3G (HSDPA)
• touch screen, HVGA 320x480
• QWERTY keyboard
• 3.2 megapixel camera
• microSD expansion slot
• GPS, compass, accelerometer
T-Mobile G1
First ever Android based
smarthphone

14. Android History
•2005
–Acquire Android(Andy Rubin: Danger CEO, Development Sidekick of
T-Mobile)
–Acquire Skia(2D Graphics for mobile device)
–Acquire RegWireless(Browser and Email for mobile device)
–Move Engineers from PlamSource(Dianne Hackborn, etc…)
•2007 Nov 5: Android announced
•2007 Nov 12: Android SDK released by OHA
•2007 Dec 14: Bug-fix SDK released

15. Android History
•2008 Jan 3: Android Developer Challenge I starts accepting submissions
•2008 Feb 13: m5-rc15 SDK released
•2008 Apr 14: 1788 total submissions for Challenge I
•2008 May 12: Top 50 Applications in Challenge I announced
•2008 Nov: Android Phone(G1 Phone by HTC/T-mobile)
•2008 Nov: Full Source Open
•2009 Apr: HTC Magic
•2009 July: HTC Hero, Samsung i7500, Android Netbook, Set-top……
•2009 Aug: Android Developer Challenge II

16. Version History
✤ Version History:
1.0 - Sep 20081.1 - Feb 20091.5 Cupcake -
April 20091.6 Donut - Sep 20092.0/2.1 Eclair
- Oct 2009 (2.0), Jan 2010 (2.1)2.2 Froyo -
May 20102.3 Gingerbread - December 2010
3.0 Honeycomb - March 2011(?)
Ice Cream Sandwich ??

17. Why Android?
✤ multiple applications, running simultaneously
✤ user may switch between running applications
✤ AppWidgets - UI’s for accessing content of an application directly on
the Home Screen.
✤ It can run Flash applications!
✤ Copy and paste things.
✤ Again... The openness of the platform, giving you easy access to all of
its important tools and sources.

20. Features
✤ Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of
components
✤ Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
✤ Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
✤ Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D
graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware
acceleration optional)
✤ SQLite for structured data storage

21. Features
✤ Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
✤ GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
✤ Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
✤ Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
✤ Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for
debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the
Eclipse IDE

22. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Android Architecture
The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system.

23. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Linux Kernel
relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory
management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts
as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

24. Libraries
Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components
of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers
through the Android application framework.

25. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Android Runtime
includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java programming language

26. Dalvik Virtual Machine
✤written so that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently
✤executes files in the Dalvik
Executable (.dex) format which is
optimized for minimal memory
footprint.
✤VM is register-based, and runs
classes compiled by a Java
language compiler that have been
transformed into the .dex format by
the included "dx" tool.

27. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Application Framework
It is a toolkit that all applications use, ones which come with mobile device like Contacts
or SMS box, or applications written by Google and any Android developer. Developers
have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications.

28. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Applications
ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar,
maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using the Java
programming language.

29. Design Goals of Android
✤ Openness
✤ Be as flexible as possible
✤ How it handles access to data: Mash up on the internet and
everything else
✤ Rapid Development(XML,Java)
✤ Develop Language
✤ App: Java

30. The Android Market
✤ One time $25 registration fee for developers
✤ Developer receives 70% of each sale
✤ Remaining amount goes to Google.
✤ Self-signed
✤ You can download APK files on the web
✤ http://www.android.com/market/

31. Advantages of Android
✤ Zero developmental cost – Tools for application development are
downloaded for free.
✤ Multi platform support- SDK can be installed on windows,Linux and
Mac OS .
✤ Developers will have complete access to handset capabilities and
tools that will enable them to build more compelling and user-
friendly services, bringing the Internet developer model to the mobile
space.
✤ The SDK contains what you need to build and run Android
applications, including a true device emulator and advanced
debugging tools.

32. Disadvantages of Android
✤ A disadvantage of open-source development is that anyone can
scrutinize the source code to find vulnerabilities and write exploits.
✤ The dependence on hardware and carrier partners puts the final
product out of their control. - Fragmentation!
✤ Developers will have a hard time implementing the correct UI
support for devices and the android code can be tweaked by others,
leading to incorrect application framework.

33. The Future of Android
✤ Android will run on microwaves,refrigerators,car panels and other
hardware devices that will meet the requirements.

34. The Future of Android
✤ Android now has entered Tablet devices that might compete with the
iPad, like in Samsung Galaxy Tab, Cherry Superion, Dell Streak etc.

35. The Future of Android
✤ Android Devices will run NVIDIA Tegra 2,the worlds first dual core
ARM Cortex CPU for mobile devices up to 1.2 Ghz.
✤ Dual cameras,HD’s,Televisions & many other interesting things to
happen
1.)The world’s first dual-core ARM Cortex A9 CPU
2.)running up to 1GHz
3.)Eight independent processors to handle web browsing, HD video encode and decode and mobile 3D
gaming
4.)10x faster than the processors used in smartphones today, and up to 4x the performance of the
previous generation Tegra processor
Advanced TSMC 40nm process with active power management

36. The Future of Android
Here is a visual representation of the latest stats regarding Android’s traction in the
18 months since debut. Information provided by Google Inc. at Google I/O 2010.
Key figures from the statistics:
•Google rapidly produces updates to the Android platform; often times OEMs and carriers struggle
to keep up with software updates for consumer devices. Many factors attribute to this like phone
processor limitations or custom user interfaces.
•According to AdMob, Android is first in total Web & App usage in the U.S. and second in
smartphone sales behind RIM’s Blackberry.
•More than one billion miles have been navigated with Google Maps Navigation.
•Google experienced a 5x growth in mobile search (from 2008-2010).
•Last month Google was seeing more than 60k daily activations
, that number has now jumped over 100k.
•There are 60 compatible devices, 59 carriers, 48 countries, and 21 OEMs supporting Android.
•Android has more than 50,000 Android Apps with more than 180,000 developers.

37. February 19, 2011 @ De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
Need more information about Android?
We are done...got questions?

38. 38
References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-android-
• http://www.wrox.com/WileyCDA/WroxTitle/Professional-Android-A
• http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners
• http://developer.android.com/index.html
• Androidtapp.com
• Ed Brunette Hello Android
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39. January 28, 2011 @ Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Ready to build Android Apps?
Part 2: Android Application Development 101