Reporting accidents

City of Glasgow College 1
CSCS 1 – General
Responsibilities

Managing Health and Safety on
Construction Sites…
• Is the responsibility of the Site Manager
• Health and Safety on site will be reinforced by:-
- Site Inductions (Explain the health and safety rules of the site)
- Toolbox Talks (Short training sessions on Health and Safety topics)
- The explanation of Risk Assessments and Method Statements
• However it is everyone's responsibility to work safely and report unsafe
conditions on site
- The enforcement of Permit to Work Systems
- Health & Safety Policy (Highlights how Health and Safety is managed)

Site Induction
• When you first start on site you should always attend site induction - this
is when the health and safety rules for the site will be explained
• If after time you feel that the safety rules for the
site are out of date you should always speak to
your supervisor about your concerns
• Remember, the Health and Safety policy on your site will help you to do
your job safely
• If you do not understand anything the
presenter has said you should always ask the
presenter to repeat the point again

Risk Assessments & Method
Statements
• By law Risk Assessments must be completed for all work activities
• The findings of a Risk Assessment will result in the production of a
Method statement – this indicates the safest and correct way to do a job
• Risk Assessments help identify hazards in the workplace (anything at
work that can harm you) and will show you how to do a job safely
• If you find that you cannot do a job in accordance with the Method
Statement do not start work until you have spoken to your supervisor
• You do not have to prepare your own Risk Assessments

Permits to Work
• A Permit to Work will often be issued to workers during site induction
• If a job requires a permit you will not be
allowed to start the job until the Permit to
Work has been issued
• Permits to Work allow certain jobs to be
carried out under controlled conditions
• If a Permit to Work expires before a job is finished you must stop work
until the permit has been replaced

Basic Tips For Site Safety
Include…
• Report all environmental incidents, accidents and near misses as soon
as is practicable (This helps ensure that they will not happen again)
• Keep your work area clean and tidy (helps prevent slips, trips and falls)
• Ensure any work you do is in accordance with the Risk Assessments
and Method Statements for the job
• Dispose of any rubbish in designated waste areas (helps prevent
environmental incidents
• Always wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Children on Construction Sites
• Particular attention must be paid to the possibility of children playing on
construction sites
• If you find children playing on site you must make sure they are taken to
a place of safety

Health and Safety at Work
and The Law
• Guidance on Health and Safety in the workplace is primarily contained in
the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA)
• The Health & Safety at Work Act is important because:-
- It places legal duties on you as an employee (You must work safely)
• Adherence to the principles of the Act are overseen by Health and Safety
Executive (HSE)
- It places legal duties on your employer ( employers must provide a safe
place of work)
• The Health and Safety at Work Act places duties on all people at work

The Health and Safety Executive
• Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may inspect any site at any time
without notice
• Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may issue:-
- Improvements Notices (this means you are not
working in a safe way)
• If you are told that a Health and Safety Executive Inspector is on site you
should always carry on working as normal unless you are asked to stop
- Prohibition Notices (all work subject to the notice
must stop)

CSCS 2 – Accident Prevention &
Reporting

Did you know…
• The construction industry accounts for more than a quarter of all work
related deaths in the UK each year
• Over 4000 serious injuries occur in sites in the UK every year
• For these reasons, effective accident prevention and reporting
procedures are essential
• The vast majority of death in the workplace involve falling from height
R.I.P.

Accidents In The Workplace
• Accidents in the workplace can be split into three main categories:
- Serious Accidents (Result in death or serious injury)
- Minor Accidents (Minor injuries, such as slips, trips and falls)
- Near misses (Incidents where someone could have been injured)
• Accidents and near misses should always be reported to your supervisor
• This enables us learn from them and ensure that they do not happen
again

Accident Report Books…
• Must be filled in if you are injured in any way, no matter how minor
• Accident Report Books must only be filled in by you or by someone
acting for you
• The following details should be recorded in the Accident Report Book:
- The date and time of the accident
- Details of the accident
- The address of the injured person

How Can You Prevent Accidents?
• Employees are most likely to have an accident in the workplace when
they first start work on site. This is often because they are unaware of
the health and safety rules or regulations
• Accidents may be avoided by ensuring that:
- you are fully aware of the safety rules on site (attend initial site
induction and any subsequent toolbox talks)
- you are aware of the risk assessment for a task and understand the
method statement to be used prior to completing a task

How Can You Prevent Accidents?
• Report any unsafe working conditions to your supervisor, even if another
contractor is responsible
• Ensure that your working area is kept clean and tidy (Help prevent slips,
trips and falls)
Watch for
nails!

If You Witness An Accident…
• Tell any investigators exactly what you saw
If not you could
be breaking the
law!

If You Are Involved In An Accident…
• If you are injured or feel ill in any way always report it to a first aider
• Make sure any cuts or lacerations are cleaned and treated by a first
aider
• If not your hand could go from looking like this…
• To looking like this…

Accident Reporting And The Law
• Guidance on accident prevention and reporting are contained the Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Reporting of Injuries, Disease and
Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
• These include accidents that result in:
- death/serious Injury (notify HSE immediately)
- more than 3 days off work (notify HSE within 10 days)
- Any occurrences of Weils Disease
• By Law some accidents must be reported to the Health & Safety Executive

CSCS 3 – Health and Welfare

Introduction
Workers may suffer from a variety of afflictions at work including :
• Occupational Asthma – a breathing disorder that affects the lungs
• Tetanus – an bacterial infection that affects the muscles in the body
• Skin Cancer – a skin disorder caused by prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight
• Occupational Dermatitis – a skin disease
• Weils Disease – a disease caused by exposure to rat and cow urine
• And many more.....

Weils Disease (Leptospirosis)
• Is a disease that may be transmitted to people through rat and cow urine
• The early symptoms of Weils Disease include:
- Influenza ‘Flu’ like symptoms
- Persistent Headaches
- Persistent Vomiting
• In some circumstances, Weils Disease can be fatal…

• The following employees are at risk of contracting Weils Disease
- People working near waterways/riverbanks
- People working in or near sewer systems
- People working on sites where rats are present
• Remember, rats are attracted to food, so always put any food scraps in
the bin – never throw them away!
Weils Disease – Who Is At Risk?

Preventing Weils Disease
• Make sure you wash your hands regularly, and always
wash your hands before eating
• Dirty hands should only ever be cleaned with soap and
water
• Remember, never clean your hands with white spirit or similar solvents
• Many chemicals can strip the natural oils from your skin. This may lead
to Occupational Dermatitis

Occupational Dermatitis
• Is a skin disease caused by prolonged exposure to mineral oils, white
spirit, strong chemicals and other hazardous substances
• Is most likely to occur on the hands and fingers
- Wearing protective gloves wherever possible
- Putting on barrier cream prior to starting work
• You should not just rely on barrier cream to protect your skin, as many
harmful substances go straight through it
• May be avoided by:

Occupational Asthma
• Is a form of Lung Disease caused by breathing in dust, asbestos, pigeon
droppings, silica dust etc. over a long period of time
• Never work in areas contaminated with pigeon droppings as exposure
to droppings can result in a form of Lung Disease called Pigeon Lung
• If an area is contaminated, stop work and seek advice
- Wearing the correct Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)

Tetanus
• Is a bacterial infection that affects the muscles in the body, particularly
the muscles of the neck and jaw (sometimes called Lockjaw)
• Enters the body through deep cuts and puncture wounds
- Wearing protective gloves wherever possible
- Wearing safety footwear wherever possible
• Tetanus is often associated with wounds from rusty nails, however it is
the puncture wound that results in the infection, not the rust on the nail!
- Regular anti-tetanus vaccination (10 years)

Skin Cancer
• Skin Cancer is a skin disorder caused by prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight
• Construction workers who work outdoors a particularly at risk
- Keeping the skin covered up wherever possible, especially the ears
and back of the neck
- Stay in the shade whenever possible, especially during breaks and
lunches
• Skin Cancer may be avoided by:
- Wear high factor sunscreen when working on site

Drugs and Medication
• Any drugs you are taking for existing medical conditions may also affect
your performance at work
• If you feel that medication will affect your performance always tell your
supervisor
- The likely side effects of the medication
• If prescribed any medication you should always consider:
- How the medication may affect you at work
• Remember, Illegal drugs are a danger to everyone on site

Health And Welfare And The Law
• Guidance on Welfare at work are contained the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974 and the Health, Safety & Welfare regulations 1992
• By Law, employers must provide you with a covered rest area with tables,
chairs and something to heat water
• As a minimum requirement on site, employers must provide hot and cold
(or warm) water, soap and a way to dry your hands
• If this is not the case always speak to your supervisor

Toilets On Site…
• By law, employers must provide adequate
toilet and washing facilities for employers
• If the toilet facilities on site are dirty or not
functioning correctly always inform your
supervisor
• Any toilet facilities on site should be kept
clean, maintained and in full working order

CSCS 4 - Manual Handling

Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
Lifting Stuff!!!
Lifting Stuff!!!
Lifting Stuff!!!
Lifting Stuff!!!
…The transporting or supporting of a load
by hand or bodily force….
What Is Manual Handling?

Manual Handling Involves…
Picking up… and putting back down!
and pulling!
Carrying… Or stretching!
Pushing…

How Many Of You Lift Things Like This?
If so you are putting your back at risk!

So How Do You Lift?
• Wearing a back support belt is not necessarily the answer
• You may still face the same risks as when lifting an object
without support, especially if you have an existing injury
• If you do have an existing injury, always inform your
supervisor of the problem
• Remember, the only person who can tell you how much you
can safely lift is you

• Consider using a barrow or trolley if carrying for long distances
• Does the object have to be moved at all?
Prior To Lifting…
• Divide any large loads into smaller loads wherever possible
• Always consider the size, weight and condition of the load
before you attempt to lift it

Do You Have To…
• Hold the object away from your body?
• Twist or turn your body?
• Stoop down or hold the load above head height?
• Lift from a sitting position?
THE WEIGHT YOU CAN LIFT SAFELY IS LESS THAN USUAL

During The Lift…
• Keep the feet slightly apart (hip width)
• Always bend the knees, never the back!
• Keep your back straight and lift with the
power of the leg muscles
• If you feel that there is an easier way to
lift at work discuss it with your supervisor

If The Object is Heaviest Towards
One Side…
• Always keep the heaviest side of the
object towards you
• Otherwise the object may become
unstable and fall….

• Never attempt to lift it on your own – always find a safe
method to move the load…
• Divide the load into smaller loads
If a Load is Too Heavy To Lift…
• Use a barrow or trolley instead
• Get someone to help you lift the load

• If someone is going to help you lift a
load, it is important that both of you
are roughly the same height and
build
• What would happen if the man on
the left was a foot shorter than the
man on the right?
Team Lifting…
• May also be used if an object is to cumbersome to be lifted
(i.e. you cannot see what is ahead of you)

• You are lifting objects up or down stairs
• You are lifting objects up or down steep
slopes
Special Care Should Be
Taken If……
• You are lifting objects up or down stairs
• You are lifting objects up or down steep
slopes
If this is the case always make sure
you can still carry the load safely

Manual handling And The
Law…
• Your employer must undertake risk assessments and
formulate ‘Safe Systems Of Work’ for manual handling tasks
• You must make full use of your employer’s Safe System Of
Work
• Guidance is contained in the Health & Safety at Work Act
1974 and the Manual Handling Operating Regulations 1992

CSCS 5 – Working at Height

Working At Height
You are classified as working at height if:
• You are working at any height that would cause an injury if you fell
• Working at height regulations affect you if you are working:
- On ladders
- On scaffolds and aluminium towers
- On roofs
- On/Under bridges
• This list is not exhaustive…

• Ladders should always be inspected prior to any sort of use
• Damaged ladders should always be reported and not used
• Ladders should never be painted as they paint may hide damage to the
ladder or create a slip hazard
Working With Ladders
• The only person that should tell you a ladder is fit for use is you
• Ladders should only be used as place of work if you are doing light
duties for a short period of time

• When using a ladder always keep the ladder at an angle of 75 degrees
Using a Ladder
• Any angle less than 75 degrees and the ladder may be under too much
stress and may snap
45o 75o
• Any angle greater than 75 degrees and the ladder may be too steep to
climb and become unstable
85o

How Not To Use a
Ladder….
Ladder
snapped
due to
being
used at
an angle
of less
than 75
o

• It is best to tie and extend the ladder about five rungs above the platform
being scaled. This also increases the ladder’s stability
When Securing a Ladder…
• It is best to secure the ladder at the top, this
increases the ladder’s stability
1
2
3
4
5

• Remember, only one person on a ladder at a time
When Using a Ladder…
• When climbing up or climbing down a ladder always make
sure that your body has three points of contact at any
given time
• These rules effect all types of ladder, including ladders
built into aluminium towers and scaffolds

How Not To Use a
Ladder….

• All components must be inspected for damage prior to assembly
• Do not attempt to use the scaffold until damaged components are
replaced
Working With Scaffolding &
Aluminium Towers…
• If any components are damaged or faulty (Including wheels, brakes etc)
always report it to your supervisor
• May only be erected, altered and dismantled by people who are
competent and authorised

• Stabilisers, outriggers and ballast
weights should always be fitted
when specified
• If not, the likely outcome could be
this…
• Aluminium Towers should never be assembled on soft or uneven ground
Assembling Scaffolding &
Aluminium Towers…

Using Scaffolding & Aluminium
Towers…
• When climbing an aluminium tower always use the ladder built into the
tower
• Always climb on the inside of the aluminium
tower
• Use the trapdoors built into the platforms

Using Scaffolding & Aluminium
Towers…
- The platform can safely take the weight of the materials being stored
- The materials a stored safely and securely
• If storing tools or materials on an aluminium tower or scaffold platform
you must ensure:
- The platform is still safe for others to use
• Materials may be stored safely by installing edge protection such as:
- Toe boards
- Brick Guards

How Not To Store
Materials….

Working on Roofs and Raised
Platforms…
• If possible, edge protection should be always be installed when working
at height
• Fragile roofs should always be crossed using crawl boards that can take
the weight of a person

• At the very least, staff should be fitted with a
Harness & Lanyard
• Harness & Lanyards are especially relevant when working above water
or at extreme height (i.e. ‘high rise’ construction or under bridges)
• Soft Landing Systems such as safety nets/inflatable airbags should be
used
If Edge Protection Cannot Be
Fitted:

How Not To Work At
Height….
Red Road Flats, circa 1964

CSCS 6 – Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Guidance on any PPE requirements for a job will always be found in the
Risk Assessment and Method Statement for a particular task
- Safety Helmets/ Hard Hats (Help protect your head from injury)
• Personal Protective Equipment may include:
- Waterproof clothes (Keep you warm and dry & prevent muscle strains)
- Safety Boots/ Safety Gloves (Protect your feet and hands from injury
- Safety Goggles (Help protect your eyes from injury)
- Ear Defenders (Help protect your ears from injury)

• Hard Hats may only be removed if you are working
in a safe area such as the site office
• Hard Hats must never be used if they have been
dropped from height to a hard surface as there may
be hairline cracks in the hat that you cannot see
• Hard Hats must be worn at all times and only in the correct way…
Head Protection - Hard Hats
• Hard Hats must be worn on site if you are at any risk of head injury

• When working on site, Hard Hats must always be worn
Hard Hats
• Hard Hats must always be adjusted so the hat is a snug fit and does not
fall off
• Hard Hats must only be worn square on the head, never at an angle

• Safety Boots must always be worn if there is any risk of injury to the feet
• Safety Boots must be worn at all times on any
construction site…
Foot Protection – Safety Boots
• Safety Boots must be the correct size for your feet
and laced up correctly
• Remember, no boots, no job!

Eye Protection - Goggles
• Eye protection must be worn on site if there is any risk of eye injury to
employees
• Workers using grinders, abrasive wheels, cutting
tools etc must wear impact resistant goggles to
protect their eyes from flying fragments of debris
• Workers using welding equipment must wear
welding goggles to protect their eyes from sparks
and the intense light from any sparks or flames
• If you do not have the correct eye protection, do not start the job!

• If your ear plugs or are damaged or unsuitable in
anyway do not begin work until they are replaced and
you have been shown how to use them correctly
• Remember, if you are wearing any form of ear protection you will be less
aware of what is going on around you
Ear Protection – Ear Defenders
• Ear protection must be worn on site if there is any risk of exposure to loud
continuous noise in the workplace
• Ear Plugs or Ear Defenders may be suitable
depending on the noise levels encountered on the job

• Remember, anti vibration gloves will not always protect your hands from
vibration. Always take additional precautions!
• Protective Gloves must be worn on site if there is any risk of exposure to
chemicals, hazard or danger
Hand Protection - Gloves
• Workers using vibrating tools should wear anti vibration
gloves to minimise the risk of Vibration White Finger
• Different gloves protect your hands from different types
of hazard – always select the correct type of gloves for
the job

• Remember, never attempt to use a dust mask if exposed to hazardous
fumes, always use the correct Respiratory Protective Equipment
• Respiratory Protective Equipment must be issued to workers when if there
is any risk of exposure to dust, solvents chemicals etc.
Respiratory Protective Equipment
(RPE)
• Workers should be given respirators if there is any risk
of exposure to hazardous fumes
• Workers such as Ames Tapers, Plasterers etc. should
be given dust masks if working in dusty environments

Fall Protection – Harness &
Lanyard
• Fall protection systems may include safety nets,
Full Body Harness’ and Lanyards
• If you are unsure how to use any piece of Personal protective Equipment
always ask for expert advice and training
• By law, employers must provide a fall protection system if employees
are working at extreme height
• Remember, never attempt to use any body harness
unless you have been fully trained in it use

PPE And The Law
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Personal Protective Equipment
Regulations 1992
• If your PPE is damaged in any way you must let your employer know
• By Law your employer must pay for,
provide you with and replace your
Personal Protective Equipment
• By law you must wear and utilise any
PPE your employer has issued you with

CSCS 7 – Emergency
Procedures & First Aid

Injuries On Site may Include…
Cuts &
Scrapes
Puncture
wounds
Burns
Broken
Bones
Electric
shocks
And many more…

When You First Start On
Site…
• It is essential that you understand the Emergency Procedures for the site
and be able to locate:
• This information may be gained by reading the site notice boards or
attending a site induction
• If there is an accident always follow the site emergency procedures
- The fire exits on site
- The fire assembly points on site
- The emergency telephones numbers for the site

First Aid Boxes
• By law in the UK employers must provide First Aid Boxes and ensure that
certain staff are trained in First Aid (First Aiders/Appointed Persons)
• First Aid Boxes should never contain pain killers
as some people may be allergic to them!
• If the First Aid Box on your site is always empty
always let the people in charge of the box know
• Remember, if you are working on a remote part of site on your own you
should take a small first aid kit with you

‘First Aiders’
• When working on site certain staff must be trained in basic First Aid. Such
staff are referred to as First Aiders or Appointed Persons
• Appointed Persons are only responsible for contacting
and directing the emergency services to the injured
• First Aiders can administer basic first aid but cannot
give out pain killers or give you any medicines
• If you wish to become a First Aider, always speak to your supervisor to
see if you can attend a First Aider’s course

First Aid Procedures
• If you discover an injured person on site the first thing you should do is
ensure that you are not in any danger yourself
• First Aid on site must only be administered by qualified First Aiders
• If you are not qualified in First Aid, you should always get someone to
get the First Aider or get someone to call the emergency services
• Remember, if you Are not qualified in First Aid you may do the casualty
more harm than good

First Aid Procedures -
Fractures & Broken Bones
• The most common cause of broken bones on site are falls from height
• If someone has fallen from height and has no
feeling in their legs make sure they stay where
they are until medical help arrives
• If somebody with no feelings in their legs is moved incorrectly this may
lead to further complications…
• If you think that someone has fallen and broken a
bone always send for a First Aider or get medical
help

• Particular care must be taken if people have collapsed or are unconscious
in an excavation or confined space
• You must never enter the excavation unless you know it
is safe to do so - there may be a lack of oxygen or
poisonous gasses present
• If you can see that people are in difficulty shout to let
others know what has happened and get medical help
Excavations and Confined Spaces

Electric Shock
• Particular attention must be taken if a casualty has suffered an electric
shock and is in contact with a live cable
• If a casualty is in contact with a live cable make sure
that the power is switched off and call for medical
help
• Remember, over 1000 workers suffer serious
electric shocks in the workplace every year
• This makes effective electrical safety procedures in the workplace
essential

Puncture Wounds
• If a casualty has a nail in their foot do not remove the
nail until medical help arrives – the nail is helping to
stop the bleeding
• Remember, wounds that are not cleaned properly may become infected
• If a casualty has a large splinter embedded deep in
their hand you must ensure that they receive proper
first aid treatment
• Special attention must be taken if a casualty has suffered any sort of
puncture wound

Eye Injuries
• If someone gets grit in their eye, the best thing to do is flush out the eye
with clean water
• Many First Aid kits include emergency Eye Wash
• Emergency Eye Wash should be made available on all
sites where people could get something in their eyes
• If the injury is more serious or the grit cannot be removed from the eye
always ensure that the emergency services are called

Excavations, Confined Spaces
And The Law
• By law, employers must:-
• Guidance on Emergency Procedures and First Aid in the workplace are
contained in the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
- provide adequate and appropriate First Aid equipment and facilities
- Provide adequately trained personnel to enable first aid to be given to
employees if they are injured or become ill at work

CSCS 8 – Safe Use of
Hazardous Substances

Hazardous Substances may
Include…
Adhesives
Paints
Cleaning Agents
Compounds
Fumes Acids
Chemicals
And many more…
Warning
Hazardous
substance

Asbestos
• Workers must take extreme caution if coming across or working in
proximity to asbestos
• All types of asbestos are extreme hazard to
health and should be dealt with accordingly
• Exposure to asbestos may result in a worker
contracting asbestosis. This is a lung disease
that could kill you
aWARNING
CONTAINS
ASBESTOS
Follow safety
instructions
• If you think that you have discovered any form of asbestos on site you
must always stop work and warn others

• Employers are legally obliged to undertake full a COSHH Assessment of
any hazardous substance that may be used in the workplace
• However you should always read the COSHH Assessment yourself and
follow it’s instructions
• A COSHH Assessment will let you know how
a substance may harm you and how to
protect yourself
Before You Use a Harmful
Substance…
• Before using any hazardous substance, the
findings of the COSHH assessment must be
explained to you by your supervisor

• Always wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the
correct Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
• If you do not have the correct PPE always report it to your supervisor
Before You Use a Harmful
Substance…

Safe Use Of Hazardous Substances
• By law, hazardous substances used in the workplace must be stored,
transported and used in accordance with the findings of the COSHH
Assessment
• Remember, although you can often tell that a chemical is hazardous by a
label on the container this may not always be the case – always take
precautions
• If you are unsure of the contents of a bottle of
chemicals always ensure that the chemical is
put in a place of safety and reported to your
supervisor
?

• Hazardous substances are normally indicated by a Hazardous Chemical
container label (Haz-Chem label)
Hazardous Substances
• Warning signs warning of hazardous chemicals on site are primarily
yellow triangles
• Hazardous Chemical labels are primarily
orange signs with black writing

Toxic Substances
• Chemicals with a skull and crossbones on the label are considered to be
toxic
• Remember, utmost care must be taken with toxic substances because
they could kill you…
• Workers must exercise extreme caution
with such chemicals because they may
cause severe damage to your health

Corrosive Substances
• Chemicals with dripping test tubes on the label are considered to be
corrosive
• Examples of corrosive substances on site may include acid, caustic
soda, cement etc.
• Workers must take extra care when
dealing with corrosive substances
because they can cause severe burns

Harmful Substances
• Chemicals with a black cross on the label are considered to be harmful
- Irritate your skin
• Extra care must be taken with such
substances because they may:
• Substances marked harmful will not necessarily kill you, however suitable
precautions must be taken prior to dealing with any harmful substance
- Harm your health

Disposal of Hazardous Waste
• Hazardous waste must always be disposed of according to site rules as
hazardous substances are dangerous to the environment
• Remember, if you are unsure of how to dispose of hazardous substance
always ask your supervisor how to dispose of it
• You must never dispose of any hazardous substance
by pouring it down drains or by pouring it away

Safe Use Of Hazardous Substances
And The Law
• Guidance on the safe use of hazardous substances are contained the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)
• By law, employers must control exposure to hazardous
substances at work to prevent ill health
• Remember though, it is also your responsibility to look after both yourself
and others

CSCS 9 – Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety
• In the UK over 1000 workers suffer serious electric shocks in the
workplace every year
• This makes effective electrical safety procedures in the workplace
essential
• On average, 25 workers are killed through
electrical accidents in the workplace every
year

Overhead Power Lines
• On average 5 workers are killed through electrical accidents involving
overhead power lines and every year
• If any electrical cable has any bare wires always inform your supervisor
and ensure that others are kept well away from the cable until it is made
safe
• Workers should only work close to overhead power
lines if the power to the line has been switched off.
Electricity can jump from overhead lines if you get
too close

Faults On Power Tools
• Electrical tools should always be checked for damage before you use
them
• If an electrical hand tool cuts out, or fuses continually blow during use
always switch off the power and look for obvious signs of damage
• Electrical faults may be identified by burn marks on the casing but are
often invisible to the eye, always leave repairs to the professionals!
• If smoke is coming from the motor of any electrical tool always unplug
the power and ensure that nobody else uses it

230/240 Volt Power Tools
• All 230/240 Volt power tools must undergo regular Portable Appliance
Testing (PAT Test)
• PAT testing is undertaken by qualified electricians
to ensure that portable electrical appliances are
safe to operate
• A PAT test label will be attached to the equipment
will advise the date that the next PAT test is due
• PAT tests must be undertaken annually on all portable electrical
equipment

230/240 Volt Power Tools
• 230/240 Volt power tools must always be operated in conjunction with a
Residual Current Device (RCD)
• RCD’s are designed to quickly cut the power to the
device if there is an electrical fault
• RCD’s have a test button to make sure that the
RCD is functional
• Remember, 230/240 Volt power tools are not suitable for use on site,
always use 110 Volt tools

110 Volt Power Tools
• On construction and building sites, the recommended voltage for
electrical equipment is 110 Volts
• 110 Volt tools are recommended for use on construction and building
sites because they are much less likely to kill you should you suffer an
electric shock
• 110 Volt Power Tools should always have
yellow cables and yellow connectors

110 Volt Equipment
• 110 Volts power is supplied on site via temporary distribution boxes
110V
Distribution
Box
• If your 110 Volt extension lead is unable to reach a distribution box
always ask your supervisor to arrange for it to be moved
• 110 Volt extension leads should not be plugged into each other as they
will create a trip hazard on site…

Before Using An Extension Lead..
• Before using any extension lead, always ensure that the lead is safe to
use
• If the extension cable has any damage or cuts in
the cover always report the fault and make sure
that no-one else uses the cable
• Uncoil the whole cable and check the whole cable
for damage prior to use
• Wherever possible, extension cables should be run above head height to
ensure they are not causing an obstruction

Using Cables On Site
• Special care and attention should always be given if running extension
leads and cables across any areas used by site transport or any other
vehicles
• Always put up a warning sign to make drivers aware of the ramp…
• Always cover the cable with some sort of speed
bump or protection ramp

Air Powered Tools
• Air powered tools may be used as an alternative to electrically operated
tools
• Air powered tools are especially suitable if you are
working in waterlogged part of site – electricity and
water don’t mix!
• Always wear safety goggles when working with air powered tools as there
will be a risk to the eyes from flying particles of debris

Battery Operated Power Tools
• Battery powered tools are an alternative when working on construction
sites.
• Battery powered tools are often safer as they will
not give you a lethal electric shock
• Remember, if you are unsure how to use any power tool always ask for
expert advice and training

Electrical Safety And The Law
• Guidance on electrical safety are contained the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974 and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
• By law, employers must ensure that you receive adequate equipment
and training to ensure that you are working with electricity safely
• Remember though, it is also your responsibility to look after both yourself
and others

CSCS 10 – Hand Held
Equipment & Tools

Tools You Use On Site
May Include:
And many more…
Hand Tools
Corded Power Tools
Battery Power
Tools
Gas Powered ToolsAir Powered Tools

Before Using Any Hand Tool Or
Power Tool On Site
• You must be trained and competent in the use of the tool – if you are
unsure ask your supervisor for expert advice and training
• You must check that the tool is not damaged
and functioning correctly before you use it
• Always make sure that you are using the
right tool for the job
• This includes all hand tools like trowels, chisels, bolsters and hammers

Be Careful Using..
• Any chisel or bolster with a ‘mushroomed’ head – the head may shatter
and send fragments into the air
• Any hammer with a loose head should be
repaired or replaced before use
• Any power tool missing a safety guard must not be used until a proper
safety guard is fitted
• Any screw drivers/bits with worn heads or
Stanley knives with blunt edges should be
replaced before use

Abrasive Wheels
• Extra care and attention must be given when using any abrasive wheel
or grinding machine
• Ensure safety guards are fitted correctly as they:
• Abrasive wheels should not be run faster than the recommended top
speed – the abrasive wheel could burst and send fragments into the air
- Stop fragments flying through the air
- Stop you coming into contact the wheel

Cutting Machines
• Extra care and attention must be given when using any cutting machine
• Be aware of hazards such as high noise levels,
dust and flying fragments of debris
• Always wear high impact safety goggles and ear protection when using
any grinding or cutting tool
• Consider using dust extractors and wet cutting
to control dust – most dust is harmful if inhaled
• Make sure you adjust safety guards to ensure
the minimum amount of blade is exposed

Chainsaws
Are especially dangerous to use
Chainsaws
are heavy
Never attempt to use any chainsaw onsite unless you have received
Chainsaws
are noisy
Chainsaws have
no safety guards

Gas Powered Tools
• Gas cartridge powered nail guns are a popular alternative to traditional
tools
• Workers must receive special training on gas
cartridge powered nail guns prior to use
• This is because they operate like a gun and can be very dangerous in
inexperienced hands…

Power Tools
• Power tools should always be unplugged when not in use
• Remember, power tools with 13 amp plugs are not suitable for construction
sites – always use a 110 Volt tool instead
• Power tools should always be checked
for faults before you use them

Air Powered Tools
• Air powered tools may be used as an alternative to electrically operated
tools
• Air powered tools are especially suitable if you are
working in waterlogged part of site as they do not
use electricity
• Remember, always wear safety goggles when working with air powered
tools as there will be a risk to the eyes from flying particles of debris

Battery Operated Power Tools
• Battery powered tools are an alternative when working on construction
sites.
• Battery powered tools are often safer as they will
not give you a lethal electric shock
• Remember, if you are unsure how to use any power tool always ask for

Use of Tools And The Law
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998
• By Law, any equipment supplied by your employer must be:
- Suitable for its intended use and maintained in a safe condition
- Used only be people who have received adequate information,
instruction and training
• Remember, equipment such as laser levels etc. create no hazard as
long as they are used correctly - If you are unsure how to use any tool
or piece of equipment always ask!

CSCS 11 - Fire Prevention &
Control

Fire Classifications
• Class ‘A’ fires – Fires involving materials such
as wood, cardboard, paper, fabric, some
plastics etc.
• Class ‘B’ Fires – Flammable liquid fires that
involve oil, petrol, diesel, paint etc.

• Class ‘C’ fires – Flammable gas fires involving
gases such as LPG, Butane, Propane, mains
gas etc.
• Class ‘D’ Fires – Fires involving metals such
as Lithium, Magnesium, Sodium or Aluminium
(powder or swarf)

• Electrical Fires – Do not constitute a class,
since any fire involving or started by electrical
equipment must be a fire of CLASS A,B,C or D
• Class ‘F’ Fires – Hot cooking oil fires – require
specialist wet chemical extinguishers

• Without these three elements a fire cannot occur
FuelOxygen
Heat
Fires consist of three elements
Fire Prevention and
Control
• Fire extinguishers work by removing one the three elements

There are four main types
of extinguisher
• Powder extinguishers
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers• Water extinguishers
• Foam extinguishers

Fire Prevention and
Control
• Water extinguishers (Red Label)
– Suitable for class ‘A’ fires (wood, paper etc.)
– NEVER use on flammable liquid (Class B) or electrical
fires
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers (Black Label)
– Suitable for electrical fires
– Should only be used on flammable liquid (Class B) fires if
no other alternative available
– NEVER touch the nozzle during use as it gets very cold

Fire Prevention and
Control
• Foam extinguishers (Beige/Yellow Label)
– Suitable for flammable liquid (class ‘B’) fires and material
fires such as wood/paper etc (class ‘A’)
– NEVER use on electrical fires
• Powder extinguishers (Blue Label)
– Suitable for material fires such as wood/paper etc (class
‘A’) and flammable liquid (class ‘B’) fires
– Suitable for use on electrical fires and small gas (class
‘C’) fires

Know Your Extinguishers



Wood, paper
fires etc.


Secondary
Do Not Use
Flammable
liquid fires

Flammable
gas fires
Specialist
powders may
be required
Metal
fires


Do Not Use
Do Not Use
Electrical
fires
Removes
Heat From
Fire
Removes
Oxygen From
Fire
RED
Label
BLACK
Label
BLUE
Label
BEIGE
Label

Fire Prevention and
Control
• .NEVER attempt to fight a fire unless you have been trained on
the use and operation of extinguishers
• .REMEMBER – Selecting the wrong extinguisher may make an
existing fire worse

• Tasks where there is a danger of fire starting may require a
Hot Work Permit
• Hot Work Permits require the holder to:
- Have a fire extinguisher close to hand at all times
- Check for any signs of fire when they stop work
• If a task does require a permit to work, you will not be allowed
to start the task until the permit is issued
Fire Prevention and Control –
Hot Work Permits

• Raise the alarm
• Do not stop to collect personal belongings or tools
• Leave the building by the nearest available fire exit
• Report to the designated Fire Assembly Point
If you discover a fire…..
• .NEVER attempt to re-enter the building until being authorised
by a fire warden

• Do not stop to collect personal belongings or tools
• Leave the building by the nearest available fire exit
• Report to the designated Fire Assembly Point
If you hear the fire alarm…..
• .NEVER attempt to re-enter the building until being authorised
by a fire warden

• Green and white signs are Safe Condition signs
• If working near a Fire Exit, never leave tools or equipment
where they may block a safety route
Fire Safety Signs
• .REMEMBER - Fire Exits save lives!
• Fire exit signs etc will always be green and

Other Fire Safety Signs…..

CSCS 12 - Safety Signs

There are 6 main types of signs…..

…Indicate things that you must do…

Scaffolding
incomplete
…Indicate things that you must not do…

…Indicate hazard or
danger…

…Indicate extinguisher locations etc…

…Indicate safe route or location…

…Indicate hazardous substance or condition…

CSCS 13 – Site Transport
Safety

Mobile Plant On Site May
Include…
And many more…
Forklift
Trucks
HGV’s
Delivery
Vans
DumpTrucks
Mobile
Cranes

• You must never drive or operate any mobile plant
unless you have received the correct training
• Workers operating any mobile plant must be competent and authorised
• If you do you may be liable to prosecution, as you are breaking the law!
Site Transport Safety – The
Rules…
• You must never allow people to ride in mobile
plant unless it is designed to carry passengers

How Not To Transport
Passengers….

• You must never walk under a raised load on
any forklift truck…
• Workers must take particular care when working near forklift trucks
• If you see that a load is about to fall from a forklift truck, keep clear and
try to warn others in the area
Site Transport Safety – Forklift
Trucks…
• If you do you are at risk of being hit by
any object that falls from the forklift

How Not To Use A Forklift….

• If you have to walk past a Mobile Crane
that is operating always take another
route so that you stay well clear of the
crane
• Particular attention must be taken when working near Mobile Cranes
• If you feel that any mobile plant is operating too close to where you work
always stop work and speak to your supervisor
• Remember, the driver may be unaware
that you are there
Site Transport Safety – Mobile
Cranes

• You must never attempt to supervise a lift involving a crane unless you
have been trained and assessed as competent
• If you feel that a load is in any danger of collision or collapse always tell
the person supervising the lift
Site Transport Safety – Mobile
Cranes

How Not To Use a Mobile
Crane….

• The majority of accidents involving site transport and pedestrians happen
when vehicles are reversing
• If you have not been trained as a signaller
never attempt to reverse an HGV on site -
always stay well out of the way
• If a vehicle is reversing on site never stand
or walk behind the vehicle. Wait for the
vehicle to pass or find another way around
the vehicle
• Remember, never walk behind a reversing lorry as the driver may not
know that you are there!
Site Transport Safety – Reversing
Vehicles

How Not To Drive An
HGV….

Well Organised Sites Should
Have…
Pedestrian routes
and site traffic routes
separated by barriers
to help ensure that
pedestrians do not
have accidents with
mobile plant
Pedestrians must
never attempt to take
short cuts through site
traffic routes and
vehicle compounds –
always take the long
way round
• Site transport should only be allowed to drive along pedestrian routes if
absolutely necessary and all pedestrians are excluded
• Regular Site Inductions for new workers to explain the site traffic rules

Things To Look Out For…
• Any vehicles driving too fast should be reported to your supervisor
• Mobile plant with any liquid dripping from underneath the body should
be reported as the hydraulics may have a leak and could be dangerous
• Any vehicles with a flat tyre should be reported as they are unsafe to
drive
• Any petrol or diesel spillages must be reported as they will are hazardous
to the environment

Site Transport And The Law
• By law, employers must ensure that:
• Guidance on Site Transport are contained in the Workplace (Health,
Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 and the Provision and User of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
- All work equipment is repaired and maintained
in an efficient state
- Adequate steps are taken to prevent &
control risks to all staff in relation to work
equipment
• If you feel any activities on site are affecting your safety always inform
your supervisor

How Not To Maintain Site
Transport…

CSCS 14 – Noise & Vibration

• An early sign of damage to you hearing
may be temporary deafness, however
this may become permanent
• Continual exposure to loud noise in the workplace may cause hearing
loss over a long period of time
• Industrial deafness can be prevented, however once your hearing has
been damaged it cannot be reversed
Noise In The Workplace
• This is often referred to as Industrial
deafness

Symptoms of industrial deafness include:
• Buzzing or ringing in the ears (referred to as tinnitus if damage is
permanent)
• Permanent or temporary deafness (often a dulling or muffling of sounds)
Noise In The Workplace
• Mild or severe Headaches
• If you have to shout to be heard clearly at distances of 2 metres, noise
at work may be a problem and you may be at risk

Minimising Exposure To Noise In
The Workplace
• If your ear protection are damaged in anyway do not
begin work until they are replaced
• Wear a recommended form of ear protection such as ear plugs or ear
defenders to reduce the noise to an acceptable level
• If you think that your hearing has been damaged at work, ask your
employer or doctor to arrange a hearing test
• Remember, if you are working in an Ear Protection
Zone you must wear ear protection at all times

Noise Control And The Law
• By law, employers must take action to control noise in the workplace
• Guidance on noise levels in the workplace is contained in the Control Of
Noise At Work Regulations 2005
• If average exposure reaches 80 decibels, employers must assess the
risk to workers and provide ear protection if requested (1st
Action Level)
• If average exposure reaches 85 decibels, employers must provide
recommended ear protection to workers (2nd
Action Level)
• When using ear protection workers must not be exposed to noise above
87 decibels

Remember…
• Do not work in a noisy areas unless you have adequate ear protection
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
• If you are wearing any form of ear protection you will be less aware of
what is going on around you

Vibration White Finger…
• Is caused by excessive exposure or continuous use of vibrating hand-
held tools and machinery
• Is also referred to as Hand-Arm Vibration and is a similar condition to
Reynauds Syndrome
• Damages the nerves and blood vessels in the fingers and hands
• Vibration White Finger can be prevented, however once a person suffers
Vibration White Finger it cannot be cured
• Vibration White Finger may never go away…

- Numbness and loss of feeling in the fingers
- Tingling in the fingers
Vibration White Finger
• Symptoms of Vibration White Finger include:
- The fingertips turn white
• If you suffer any of these symptoms always report it to your supervisor
and doctor
- Loss of strength in the hands

Vibration White Finger
• Tools that may increase the likelihood of suffering Vibration White Finger
include:
• Vibration White Finger is most likely to occur in working environments
that are cold and wet
- Power sanders - Jack hammers - Grinders
- Stihl saws - Hammer drills - Chain saws
- Jig saws - Compressed air tools - Impact Wrenches
…And many more….
- Power sanders - Jack hammers - Grinders
- Stihl saws - Hammer drills - Chain saws
- Jig saws - Compressed air tools - Impact Wrenches

• Wear anti-vibration gloves
• Try and use power tools in short bursts
How To Avoid Vibration White
Finger
• Do not grip the tool being used too tightly
• Where possible, try and ensure that your hands are kept warm and dry
• Ask your supervisor to explain the risk assessment and explain the
safest way to use the tool

Vibration And The Law
• By law, employers must assess and identify measures to eliminate or
reduce risks for all employees from exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration
• Guidance on vibration in the workplace is contained in the Control Of
Vibration At Work Regulations 2005
• Employers must also:
- Ensure that control measures to reduce exposure to vibration are
properly applied
- Provide information and training to all staff exposed to vibration at
work

CSCS 15 – Excavations &
Confined Spaces

The Dangers Of Excavations &
Confined Spaces Include…
Excavation
sides
collapse
Debris falling
into excavation
Lack
of
Oxygen
Falls
from
height
Build up
of toxic
gases
And many more…
Warning
deep excavation
Hazardous
sludge

• Take precautions to ensure that you will not undermine the foundations
of any surrounding buildings – if in doubt speak to your supervisor!
• If the soil contains a strange smell or bad egg smell when digging take
precautions as the soil may be contaminated (Sewer Gas/Hydrogen
Sulphide)
Before You Start Any
Excavation….
• If digging anywhere near underground
services you should only use a spade or
shovel
• Consider the use of trial holes to locate buried
services – remember, buried services are
often covered with yellow plastic marker tape

• Excavations must be inspected before the start of every shift by a
competent person to ensure that they are safe to work in
• If you see the supports in an excavation moving always makes sure that
you and others get out quickly as the sides may be about to collapse
Working In Excavations
• Excavations must be supported if there is any risk of
the sides falling in
• Excavations must be fitted with Guard Rails to ensure
that people do not fall into the excavation
excavation

• Always stop work and make sure that the damage to the cable is
reported
• Do not touch the cable, it may be live!
If You Hit And Damage a Cable…

• Deep excavations must only be accessed via a properly supported ladder
Working In Excavations
• Do not work in an excavation if vehicles are left running
above an excavation – exhaust fumes may settle in the
base of the excavation…
• …If you ever feel dizzy in any excavation make sure you
and others get out!
• Consider the use of a ‘Top Man’
who may initiate any rescue plan
if required

• Working in a confined space will usually require A Risk Assessment, A
Method Statement and a Permit To Work
Working In Confined Spaces
• The Risk Assessment may indicate that a Rescue Team or Rescue Plan
is required. If this is the case and neither are available you should not
enter the confined space until they are in place
• The Method Statement will indicate the safest and correct way to do a
job. If you find that you cannot do a job in accordance with the Method
Statement always speak to your supervisor

• Working in a confined space will often require a Permit To Work
Permits To Work
• A Permit to Work you will allow certain tasks to
be carried out under controlled conditions
• If the permit runs out before a job has been finished work must cease
until the permit has been replaced
• If a task requires a Permit to Work you will not
be allowed to start a job until the Permit to
Work has been issued

• The air quality should be tested with a meter this may highlight hazards
such as:-
• If the presence of gas is highlighted leave the confined space as quickly
as possible – the gas may explode or you may not be able to breath
Before Work Commences In A
Confined Space…
- Toxic, Flammable and Explosive Gases (i.e. Methane)
- A lack of Oxygen in the excavation or confined space
• If a lack of Oxygen is highlighted leave the confined space as quickly as
possible – you could be suffocated or lose consciousness

• Particular attention must be taken if sludge has gathered at the bottom of
an excavation or confined space
Working In Confined Spaces
• The sludge may contain hazards such as Toxic or
Flammable Gases …
• The sludge may be a slip and trip hazard…
• Do not attempt to work in such environments unless you
have received the correct Training and the necessary
Respiratory Protective Equipment

Excavations, Confined Spaces
And The Law
• By law, employers must:-
• Guidance on working in Excavations and Confined Spaces are contained
in the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and the
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
- Undertake suitable and sufficient assessments of the risks for all work
activities
- Avoid the need to enter confined spaces whenever possible
- Have in place adequate emergency arrangements before work
commences

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