Full details at http://www.victoria.ac.nz/chaplains/whatson/do-something-fish.html A Human FM-sponsored DO SOMETHING! event at the VUW Anglican Chaplaincy. www.dosomething.org.nz

1. New Zealand’s fisheries management system.In the context of the rest of the world Pamela Mace Chief Scientist New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries August 2010

3. Development of New Zealand’s Quota Management System (QMS)

4. Status of New Zealand’s and the world’s fish stocks

5. Ecosystem approaches

6. New Zealand in the context of the rest of the world2

8. EEZ& Territorial Sea

9. 4.4 million km2(world’s 5th largest)

10. 15 times land mass

11. 72% below 1000 m

12. Coastline: 15,000 km

13. Climate: sub-tropical to sub-Antarctic

14. 16,000+ marine species

15. 1,300 fish species

16. Productivity: generally medium4,363,000 km2 3

18. Total Catch: 441,000 tonnes

19. Total quota value: $NZ 4 billion

20. Top 20 species contribute 91% of value

21. Fish Exports:

22. Approx 90% of total production

23. 2007 Value: NZ$ 1.3 billion

24. 1,277 fishing vessels

25. 1,644 quota owners

26. 261 fish processors & traders

27. 7,155 directly employed

28. Recreational fisheries:

29. Estimated participation: 31% of population

30. Estimated annual take: 25,000 tonnes

31. Maori involvement in fishing:

32. Non-commercial customary fisheries management devolved to hapu

33. Customary take provided for: 4,800 t

34. Iwi own approx 30% of commercial quota4

37. 1983 - Deepwater transferable enterprise allocations

38. 1986 - QMS Implemented; designated as absolute tonnages

39. Initially 26 species; 156 stocks

40. Initial Govt buy-back of some inshore catching rights (15,800 tonnes; NZ $42.5M)

42. Some commercial fisheries overcapitalised

43. Declining recreational fisheries5

45. 1992 - Settlement of Maori fisheries claims

46. 1994 - Resource rentals replaced by cost-recovery

47. Fisheries Act 1996 - Stronger environmental protection provisions

48. 1999 - Fisheries Amendment Act

49. Provision for devolution of fisheries services

50. Long-term and within-year rights separated; Annual Catch Entitlement (ACE)

51. New mechanisms for managing fish bycatch in multi-species fisheries

52. 2001-05 - Major increase in # species in QMS

53. 2010 - 97 species; 632 stocks in QMS6

55. Have higher discard rates in order to maximize the value of landings

56. Cause higher mortality of discards due to lack of time for careful handling of discards

57. Cause higher cryptic mortality by deploying too much gear

58. Cause greater amounts of ghost fishing with lost gear

59. Cause more habitat damage by deploying too much gear

60. Put pressure on managers to set high TACs

61. Challenge the validity of the science

63. Status of Stocks Below target levels Overfished or depleted Overfishing 32.5% 18.9% 25.0% New Zealand N=361 % catch from stocks of known status = 72% 67.5% 81.1% 75.0% 15.4% 22.7% United States N=519 % catch from stocks of known status = >90% 77.3% 84.6% 9

64. The state of the world’s fisheries – depends who you ask

65. Exploitation status of world’s major (target) fisheries in 2007 Major fisheries only; doesn’t include bycatch species Proportions relatively stable over last 10-15 years, after strong increasing exploitation trend in the 1970’s and 1980’s Top 10 species = 30% of capture fisheries; mostly fully-exploited or over-exploited 11 Source: FAO (2008)

67. Development of NPOAs and Environmental Standards:

68. NPOA – Seabirds (2004)

69. NPOA – Sharks (2007)

70. Harvest Strategy Standard (2008)

71. Seabird Standard

72. Benthic Impacts Standard12

73. NZ Seamount Closures (2000) ~1200 seamounts, knolls and hills (UTFs) 19 represeantative seamounts were closed to bottom trawling and dredging 18 unfished 1 fished “Morgue” recovery being monitored

75. 52% of seamounts (underwater mountains > 1000 m in height)

76. 88% of active hydrothermal vents

78. NZ Fisheries management from an International perspective 8th UN Code of conduct for responsible fishing (Pitcher 2009)

80. Underpinned by adequate monitoring and information systems to ensure objectives are met

81. Integrated by strong governance systems that include consideration of all relevant facets of FM

82. Supported by stakeholder and public buy-in17

84. Fewer instances of prolonged over-exploitation

85. Little to no overcapacity

86. Few to no fishing subsidies

87. Strong (recent) record for indigenous fishing rights and privileges

88. Sound paper trail systems for tracking fish

89. High penalties for violations: infringements of regulations taken seriously

90. Transparent fisheries management processes with high public participation18

92. Increasingly negative public attitude to poachers

93. Increased industry awareness of the need to engage and focus efforts on supporting and adhering to national and international standards

94. MSC (and other) certification schemes are making everyone aware of the desirability for healthy fisheries

95. Industry engaging more actively and positively with government and environmental groupsStill a long way to go for both New Zealand and the rest of the world to get comprehensive stakeholder buy-in

96. How you can Do Something! Obey the rules when fishing – commercial, recreational, customary Call the MFish hotline: 0800-4-POACHER if you see potential infringements Work at the local level; e.g. Regional Councils especially in the largely neglected area of the land-water interface Apply the scientific method 20

97. Apply the scientific method This means: don’t believe everything you see, hear or read, especially if its in the media sometimes balanced, sometimes not Think of alternative hypotheses In general, hypotheses can only be disproven, not proven However, the “weight of evidence” can lead scientists in one direction or another 21