1. The Sun-Earth-Moon
System
Chapter 28

2. Think-Pair-Share
• What do astronomers do?
• How does astronomy relate to your
daily life?
• What do you observe in the sky?

3. Tools of Astronomy
SECTION 28.1

4. Radiation

5. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation

6. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies

7. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies
• wavelength - distance b/w peaks on a wave

8. Radiation
• light common term for electromagnetic radiation
• caused by wavelengths and frequencies
• wavelength - distance b/w peaks on a wave
• frequency - # of waves/oscillations per
second

9. Mathematical Relationship
c = λf
• c = speed of light (3.0 x 108 m/s)
• λ = wavelength (m)
• f = frequency (Hz)

10. Examples

11. Examples
• f = 108 Hz λ=?

12. Examples
• f = 108 Hz λ=?
• If light has a wavelength is 10-10 m,
what is the frequency of its wave.

13. Telescopes

14. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:

15. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths

16. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye

17. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye
• allows astronomers to use specialized
equipment

18. Telescopes
• BENEFITS:
• ability to attach different detectors to observe
all wavelengths
• brings much more light to focus than human
eye
• allows astronomers to use specialized
equipment
• can be used to make time exposures w/ aid of
cameras or other imaging devices

19. Types of Telescopes

20. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:

21. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting

22. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting

23. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting
• majority used

24. Types of Telescopes
• 2 types used to focus visible light:
• refracting
• reflecting
• majority used
• most located @ observatories @ high
elevations

25. Refracting Telescope
• refracting telescope - uses lenses to bring visible
light to a focus

26. Reflecting Telescope
• reflecting telescope - uses mirrors to bring visible
light to a focus

27. Telescopes cont...

28. Telescopes cont...
• interferometry - process of linking
separate telescopes together so they act
as one telescope

29. Telescopes cont...
• interferometry - process of linking
separate telescopes together so they act
as one telescope
• detailed image improves as distance
b/w telescope increases

30. Satellites

31. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information

32. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays

33. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays
• to obtain close up observations

34. Satellites
• sent into space to collect information
• b/c earth’s atmosphere blocks infrared and
ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays
• to obtain close up observations
• obtain samples from nearby objects

35. Satellite

36. Hubble Space Telescope

37. Hubble Space Telescope
• one of best-known space observatories

38. Hubble Space Telescope
• one of best-known space observatories
• designed to obtain sharp, visible images w/
out atmospheric interference and make
observations in infrared and ultraviolet
wavelengths

39. Hubble Telescope

40. Spacecraft

41. Spacecraft
• robotic probes make close-up observations and
sometimes land to collect information

42. Spacecraft
• robotic probes make close-up observations and
sometimes land to collect information
• practical only for objects in our solar system

43. Human Space-Flight

44. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space

45. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space
• long-term effects studied in space stations

46. Human Space-Flight
• space shuttle program provides environment
for scientists to study effects of space
• long-term effects studied in space stations
• International Space Station

47. I.S.S.

48. Spinoffs

49. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use

50. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use
• cordless tools

51. Spinoffs
• spinoffs - NASA technology that has been
passed to commercial industries for common
use
• cordless tools
• pumps in artificial hearts