1. Early Detection: Save lives
Mrs. munirathnamma k
PhD Scholar
Reg No: 22418039
JJT University
Rajasthan
2. Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, affecting 2.1 million women
every year, and also causes the greatest number of cancer-related deaths among women.
In 2018, it is estimated that 627,000 women died from breast cancer – that is approximately
15% of all cancer deaths among women. Breast cancer is sometimes found after symptoms
appear, but many women with breast cancer have no symptoms.
Detection at advanced stages of the disease makes treatment is more difficult and uncertain.
Early detection is critical in order to improve breast cancer outcomes and survival.
Although there is no current treatment to prevent breast cancer, early detection of the
disease can lead to an excellent outcome. In the nations where there are limited resources
settings where the majority of women are diagnosed in late stages should prioritize early
diagnosis programmes.
3. Objectives:
1. To create an awareness regarding early detection of
breast cancer.
2. To reduce breast cancer related morbidity and
mortality rate.
4. WHAT IS BREAST CANCER?
• Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops from breast tissues and may start in
the duct or lobe of the breast tissue.
• It is important to understand that most breast lumps are benign and not cancer
(malignant). Non-cancerous breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they do not
spread outside of the breast. They are not life threatening, but some types of
benign breast lumps can increase a woman's risk of getting breast cancer.
5. WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST
CANCER?
Non modifiable risk factors Modifiable risk factors
Gender Exposure to radiation
Age Breast feeding
Personal history of breast cancer Hormonal replacement therapy
Family history of breast cancer Oral contraception
Proliferative breast condition Body weight
Breast density Physical activity
Early menstruation Alcohol use
Late menopause Tobacco smoke
6. SIGNS OF BREAST CANCER
Signs of breast cancer may include:
Lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
Swelling or thickening of all or part of the breast
Dimpling or skin irritation of breast skin
Localized, persistent breast pain
Redness, scaliness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
Any change in the size or shape of the breast
7. Prevention Of breast cancer
Primary prevention of breast cancer in not possible but we can prevent
the complications which may result due to advanced stages of breast
cancer by early detection by simple screening methods. Regular breast
cancer screening is so important to prevent breast cancer related
morbidity and mortality.
8. NEED FOR EARLY DETECTION OF
BREAST CANCER
• Global burden of breast cancer is increasing and the early detection of
breast cancer in women is important for the effective management of the
disease. Early detection methods for breast cancer include screening
mammogram, clinical breast examination (carried out by a trained health
professional) and breast awareness. Breast self-examination, a technique
taught to women in the past, is no longer recommended as it has not been
shown to improve outcomes.
9. Breast self-examination
It is recommended to perform Breast Self Examination after 20 years
every month. If a women is menstruating 10 days after menstruation. In
case menstrual cycle is irregular or if a women has attained menopause
choose a specific day each month.
10. Inspection
Stand in front of a mirror and look closely at your breasts in
three positions:
1. ) Arms at your side
2. ) Arms raised above your head bending forward
3. ) Place hands on your hips and hunch over
All three of these steps need to be viewed from the right and
left as well as facing forward.
• Check for changes in the following:
Shape: Compare one to the other. One breast may normally
be larger than the other, but sudden changes in size should not
occur.
Skin: Check for rash, redness, puckering, dimpling, or
orange-peel- textured appearance.
Nipples: Check for any physical changes such as a sudden
inversion, scaliness, redness, itching, swelling, or discharge.
Vein patterns: Look for a noticeable increase in size or
number of veins compared to the other breast.
11. Palpation
1. Check the OUTER HALF of right breast. Lie down
and roll on to your left side to examine your right breast.
Place your right hand, palm up on your fore- head. Your
breast should lie as flat on your chest as possible. It may
be easier and more comfortable if you put a pillow
behind your shoulder or back.
2. Using the flat pads of your three middle fingers( not the
tips) move the pads of your fingers in little circles.
Change the amount of pressure so that all levels of
breast tissues can be felt. Make each circle three times –
Once light, Once medium and once deep before moving
to the next circle.
Start the circles in your armpit and move down to just
below the bra line.
12. Palpation
3. Then slide your fingers over—just the width of one
finger and move up again. Don’t lift your fingers from
your breast as you move them to make sure you feel the
entire area. Continue this up-and- down vertical strip
pattern—from your collarbone to just below your bra
line— until you reach the nipple.
4 . Check the INNER HALF of our right breast.
When you reach the nipple , remove pillow, roll on to
your back , remove your hand from your forehead and
place this arm at a right angle .
Carefully check the nipple area using the same
circular pressures as before, with our squeezing. Then
examine the remaining breast tissue using the up and
down vertical strip pattern, Until you reach the middle
of your chest
Roll on to your right side and repeat the procedure on
the left breast
13. What to do if you find a lump?
• Don’t panic if you think you feel a lump in your breast.
• breast change that is new and worrisome.
• Consult a doctor
• Make Don’t hesitate to call your doctor if you’ve noticed a lump or
other sure you get answers.
Note: Make it a routine to examine you breast once a month
14. Clinical breast exam (CBE)
A clinical breast exam (CBE) is a physical exam of the breasts and the
underarm area by a trained healthcare professional.
Why a CBE is done?
• If you tell your doctor about a lump or change in your breasts, you may
have a CBE. Your doctor or another trained healthcare professional may
also do it as part of your regular physical exam.
• Men who find a lump or a change in their breasts should also have a CBE.
15. How a CBE is done?
• No special to preparation is needed for a CBE. You
will remove your clothing from the waist up. A sheet
or gown covers you while you’re on the examination
table.
• First the healthcare professional looks at the breasts.
This should be done with you sitting, and then when
you are lying down. The healthcare professional looks
for:
• changes or differences in the shape of the breasts
• areas of fullness or thickness in only one breast
• differences in skin colour, temperature and texture in
the breasts, such as redness, increased warmth or
dimpling of the skin
16. Cont’d
• rashes
• visible lumps or swelling
• fluid, or discharge, leaking from the nipple
• nipple changes, such as a nipple starting to point inward (called inverted) or
scaling
• Next the healthcare professional feels, or palpates, the breasts and the nipples.
This is done with you lying down, which flattens the breast tissue over the chest
wall. Breast tissue covers a large area. It goes from the middle of the chest into the
armpit and up toward the collarbone and deep inside to the muscles of the chest
wall. The healthcare professional will examine the entire area and will need to use
some pressure to get at the deeper tissue.
17. • The healthcare professional uses firm pressure with their fingers to
feel for:
• lumps, including their size, shape and whether or not they move within
the tissue
• hardening or thickening in the breast tissue
• tenderness or pain
• The healthcare professional will also feel lymph nodes in the underarm
area (called the axilla) and in the area above and below the collarbone
for any lumps or hardening.
18. Mammogram
If you're 40 or older and have an average
risk of breast cancer, yearly screening
mammograms should be part of your
healthcare.
During a mammogram, each of your breasts is
pressed between two plastic plates and an X-
ray is taken. Later, a doctor will look at the X-
ray and give you the results.
