1. The teaching in medieval times
Education

2. In the begin of Middle Ages around
450 DC
• The main subjects were Christian ones, and the
Aristotle’s rhetoric was important.
• Aristotle’s rhetoric is the use of language with
persuasive effect.
• Saint Augustine:
– taught in the Latin grammar school at Tagaste
– opened a school of rhetoric at Carthage
– taught rhetoric in Rome
– accepted a professorship in rhetoric at Milan

3. Saint Augustine
Saint Augustine and his
mother Saint Monique

4. Aristotle’s rhetoric (1)
• The base of rhetoric was three persuasive
audience appeals :
– logos, pathos and ethos
• And five canons:
– invention or discovery, arrangement, style,
memory, and delivery

5. three persuasive audience appeals
• Logos
– In the old Greece the word meant word, speech,
reason
– For Aristotle the term to meant reasoned discourse
• Further Jesus saw as the incarnation of the Logos
• Pathos
– represented an appeal to the audience's emotions
• Ethos
– involved moral competence only; But Aristotle
broadens the concept to include expertise and
knowledge

6. The five canons
• Inventio
– was the method used for the discovery of arguments
• Dispositio
– the system were used for the organization of arguments
• Elocutio
– the term used for the mastery of stylistic elements concern the
crafting and delivery of speeches and writing
– four ingredients necessary in order to achieve good style included
correctness, clearness, appropriateness, and ornament
• Memoria
– was the same meaning as today
• Pronuntiatio
– the content, structure, and style of oration .The most important
elements of oratory enhancing its persuasive power

7. Making a book in medieval times
• As paper, in Europe, did not become common
until around 1450 the most medieval
manuscripts were written on treated animal
skins called parchment.
• The parchment was ruled colored ink, lines
that helped the scribe to write

8. Medieval people
• Few books, few ideas, many people could not
read, religiosity was predominant with many
wars

9. Medieval people and medieval
buildings
Giordano Bruno

10. At the end around 1400 DC
• The word universitas originally was applied to
the scholastic guild
• A guilt was a corporation of students and
masters:
– A community of teachers and scholars whose
corporate existence had been recognized and by
the ecclesiastical authority

11. Scholasticism
• Has its origins in Charlemagne, who attracted
the scholars of England and Ireland,
established schools in every abbey in his
empire which arise the name scholasticism
• The word as two meanings
– a method of learning taught by scholastics
– A program that articulates and defends orthodoxy
in an increasingly pluralistic context

12. The method of learning
• As a method of learning it has his bases
• Dialectic:
– a dialogue between two or more people who may hold
differing views
– applying reason the people exchange their viewpoints to
seek the truth
• Inference:
– achieving a conclusion by deductive reasoning from given
facts
• Resolving Contradictions.
– a contradiction is a logical incompatibility between two or
more propositions

13. Magister dixit
• This sentence used in Florence and all Italy,
around 1600 by the teachers to shut up all the
students who contested the Aristotle's
astronomy theory.

14. Aristotle astronomy
• Aristotle argued that the universe is spherical
and finite with the Earth in the center.
• Aristotle's model of the universe had a
profound influence on medieval scholars, but
nevertheless they modified it to correspond
with Christian theology.

15. The limitations of technology
• Medieval books were hand written and rare.
• Few books means the reading were limited to
a few people.
But they were very nice
with nice pictures

16. There were no tools and no
science
• Without the right tools there is no
science: magister dixit was enough

17. Bibliografia
• http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/augustine.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradictions
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_reasoning
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispositio
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elocutio
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethos
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventio
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_university
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathos
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronuntiatio
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism
• http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/making/
• http://perseus.mpiwg‐berlin.mpg.de/GreekScience/Students/Tom/AristotleAstro.html
• http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_dixit