Integrating all the devices into one which costs around 2000/- and making it available for poor people. Done it under the guidance of IITM Ph.D scholar Balamurugan.

1. A Project presentation on
Design of Assistive technology for telehealth
Application
By:
Batch no : 1612
M. Goutham (12121A0466)
M. Thanusha (12121A0465)
A. Srikanth (12121A0402)
C.P. Rupesh (12121A0410)
Guide:
Ms. H. D. Praveena, M.Tech., (Ph.D)
Assistant Professor,
Dept of ECE.
Department of ECE
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(AFFLIATED TO JNTU ANANTAPUR, APPROVED BY AICTE)
SREE SAINATH NAGAR, A. RANGAMPET, TIRUPATI -517 102, A.P
1

2. Outline
• Objective
• Telehealth System and its advantages
• Heart Diseases and home care cardiology
• Vital Body parameters
• Existing Instrumentation and its challenges
• Design Goals
• Proposed method
• Hardware and Software Development
• Results
• Conclusion and Future Scope
• References
2

3. Objective
• Designing a low cost Biomedical kit that can measure vital body signs
like Heart rate, Pulse rate and Blood Pressure.
• Integrating the obtained results and displaying them on a smartphone
application.
3

4. Telehealth system
• Technique which uses telecommunication and
information technologies to provide clinical health
care for people at distance.
• It helps in eliminating distance barriers
• It can improve access to medical services that
would often not be consistently available in
distant rural communities.
• It is also used to save lives in critical care and
emergency situations.
4

5. Advantages of Telehealth system
• Telehealth consultancy can be beneficial to patients living in isolated
communities and remote regions.
• Healthcare professionals in multiple locations to share information
and discuss patient issues as if they were in the same place.
• Reduce the need for outpatient visits and enable remote prescription
verification and drug administration oversight thereby reducing the
cost.
• Telehealth consultancy can also eliminate the possible transmission of
infectious diseases or parasites between patients and medical staff.
5

6. Heart Diseases
• Heart disease is the number one cause of death for both men and women in the world.
• Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives than all forms of cancer combined.
• Statistics from World Health Organization
– Heart disease kills one person in every 5 seconds
– 7.6 millions of death worldwide each year
• Common types of heart problems
– Heart rhythm disorder: Irregular beats
– Coronary heart disease: Cannot supply adequate circulation to cardiac muscle cells
– Tachycardia: Heart beats very fast even whilst at rest 6

7. Heart Diseases (contd.)
• In a 2005 survey, most respondents—92%—recognized chest pain as
a symptom of a heart attack. Only 27% were aware of all major
symptoms and knew to call 9-1-1 when someone was having a heart
attack.
• About 47% of sudden cardiac deaths occur outside a hospital. This
suggests that many people with heart disease don't act on early
warning signs.
7

8. Home care cardiology
• Monitoring vital body parameters at home.
• Cardiac events can occur irregularly and not during the doctor's
office. By doing home ecg monitoring, the condition can be captured
and saved to be analysed by a doctor at a later time.
• The best time to take a reading is when you are not feeling well and
experienced some warning signs of heart attack.
• After assessing the condition, the patient or care taker may call the
doctor and get necessary treatment through telehealth or can reach
the nearby hospital if severe.
8

9. Vital Body parameters
• The three main vital signs routinely monitored by medical
professionals and health care providers include the following:
• Heart Rate
• Pulse Rate
• Blood Pressure
9

10. • Heart Rate
• Heart rate is the number of times a person's heart beats per minute.
• Continuous monitoring of heart rate is necessary for cardiac patients such that any
irregular heart rate seeks the doctor’s attention.
• Pulse Rate
• The pulse rate is measured when heart pushes blood through the arteries.
• Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following:
• Heart rhythm
• Strength of the pulse
10

11. • Blood Pressure
• The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.
• Blood pressure is important because the higher your blood pressure is, the
higher your risk of health problems in the future.
• High BP puts extra strain on your arteries and on your heart. Over time, this
strain can cause the arteries to become to become thicker and less flexible, or
to become weaker.
• If an artery becomes completely clogged up (known as a clot), this can lead to
a heart attack, a stroke, kidney disease or dementia.
11

12. Existing Instrumentation
• Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the
electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes
placed on a patient's body.
• In a conventional 12 lead ECG
- ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the
surface of the chest
- The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then
measured from twelve different angles and is recorded over a period of
time.
12

13. Existing Instrumentation(contd.)
• Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and low-cost optical
technique that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the
microvascular bed of tissue.
• A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse oximeter which illuminates
the skin and measures changes in light absorption.
• A conventional pulse oximeter monitors the perfusion of blood to the
dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the skin.
13

14. Challenges in Existing Instrumentation
• The Existing ECG and PPG are expensive, not portable, needs
technical skills and performs single activity at a place(Heart rate and
Pulse rate individually).
• While it is a relatively simple test to perform, the interpretation of the
ECG tracing requires significant amounts of training.
• Besides Blood pressure is an additional task needed to be measured
which requires assistance.
14

15. Challenges in Existing Instrumentation (contd.)
• Raw ECG Signals often low in amplitude and distorted by noise sources
- Magnitude range: 0.1 to 5mV
- Examples of Interference sources : muscle contractions
power-line radiations
• Problem with having poor signal quality: Hard to obtain physiological insights
- Low signal level -> Difficult to detect
- High noise level -> May mask out useful clinical info
• All these challenges are considered and a simplified model is specified in our
project.
15

16. Design Goals
• Low Cost
• Portable
• Safe measurement
• Diagnosis at home
• Single piece with many functionalities
• Rapid and Sensitive
• User friendly – simple to perform in a few steps with minimal training
16

17. Instrumentational
Amplifier
Optical Sensor
Filters
Filters
Arduino Uno - - - - - - - - - - - Mobile
phone
Proposed Method
Results:
1. Heart rate
2. Pulse rate
3. Blood Pressure
17
Patient
Bluetooth

18. Project Structure
• Design of ECG:
1. Instrumentation amplifier design
2. Filter design
3. Power source reduction
4. Multi-lead ECG measurement
• Design of PPG:
1. Filter Design
2. Power source reduction
3. PPG measurement using optical sensor
18

19. Project Structure (Cont.)
• Integrating the Data obtained from ECG and PPG we
measure the Blood Pressure of a person using the Arm
length Algorithm
• Developing a Smartphone app:
- Data acquisition from Arduino Uno via Bluetooth
- Displaying the vital body parameters obtained from ECG
and PPG
19

20. Hardware components
• Instrumentation Amplifier
INA114
• Electrodes
• Operational Amplifier-LM324
• TCRT1000
• Diode -1N4007
• Arduino Uno
• HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• Arduino IDE
• Android Studio
• Filter Pro
• Tina
• Eagle
Software components
20

21. Hardware Development
• Heart Rate
+
+
-
Rg
Rg
Ref
U1 INA128E
Ra 10k
R1 10k
+
VS2 12
+
VG2
+
VS1 12
-
+
+
U2 OPA228
R4 220
R5470
C3 10mC4 10m
+
VS3 12
+
VS4 12
R9 1k
C71u
-
+
+
U3 OPA228
C8 1u
+
VS6 12
+
VS7 12
+
VG1
-
+
+
U5 OPA228
+
VS9 12
+
VS10 12
R10 100
R11 100k
R7 3.9k
+
VS8 5
-
+
+
U4 OPA228
+
VS5 5
C682n
C5330n
R8 3.9k
R6 12k
-
+
+
U6 OPA228
+
VS11 12
+
VS12 12
R2 10k
R3 1M
+
VG3
Inst Amp
HPF
LPF
SK
MFB
Inv Amp
Right Leg Ckt
Frequency range : 0.1 to 150Hz
Gain : 1000
21

22. Pulse Rate
D11N1183
C1 1u
C2 1u
R268k
R168k
-
+
+3
2
6
74
OP1 !OPAMP
-
+
+3
2
6
74
OP2 !OPAMP
R3 680k
C3 100nR4 6.8k
R5 6.8kR6 680k
C4 100n
R733k
R8220k
LED1CQX35A
+
VS1 5
Photo Detector Output
BPF(0.1-2Hz)
Frequency range : 0.1 to 2 Hz
Gain : 1000
22

23. Software Development
• The Output ECG and PPG are given as analog inputs to Arduino Uno
for further processing
• The overall Software Development is broadly classified into two
sections
• Arduino interfaced to hardware circuit which measures heart rate and pulse
rate
• Android interfaced to Arduino through Bluetooth module
23

24. Arduino Programming
• Arduino is programmed to calculate
heart rate, pulse rate and Pulse transit
time from the outputs of ECG and PPG
• Heart rate can be calculated by finding
the Time interval between two
consecutive R peaks in ECG output.
• Similarly Pulse rate can be calculated by
finding the time interval between two
consecutive peaks in PPG output.
24

25. Arduino Programming (Contd.)
• Pulse Transit Time (PTT) is the time it
takes the pulse pressure waveform to
propagate through a length of the
arterial tree.
• PTT can be used to estimate Blood
Pressure
25

26. Cuffless Blood pressure Estimation
• As the blood flows through arteries, pressure waves propagate at a
certain velocity called pulse wave velocity (PWV).
• Based on these two equations, the BP can be computed from PTT
assuming all other parameters are held constant.
The elasticity parameter E
26

27. Cuffless Blood pressure Estimation(contd.)
• BP estimation function
• Where PTT can be obtained from the time difference between ECG
and PPG signals,.
• HR can be easily measured from the ECG, and BPn−1 is the previous BP
estimate.
• The four coefficients (a,b,c and d) can be calculated by applying the
least square method.
27

28. Android Application
• An Android app is designed to display all
the Vital parameters in an smart phone.
• HC-05 Bluetooth module connects both the
Arduino and the app wirelessly to transfer
data from Arduino to smart phone.
28

29. Prototype
29

30. Results
• Heart Rate
30

31. • Pulse Rate
31

32. Conclusion
• Providing quality and timely health assistance for elderly population is
a growing concern of both developed and developing nations.
• Though there are high-tech hospitals and care centers for elderly, fact
that majority of them suffer from chronic disease and they require
continuous monitoring of their physical parameters make it quite
expensive.
• Our device can work independently at a home environment
• Thus this device can really be a boon to elderly society by assisting
them in getting quality assistance at their own houses.
32

33. Future Scope
• This Telehealth Kit can be extended to
calculate other body parameters like Body
Temperature, Respiration Rate and oxygen
Saturation.
• Further the data obtained from telehealth
kit can be stored in cloud storage and can
be sent to doctors for the medical backups.
Thus an e-health system can be developed
33

34. References
[1] Kalvinder Singh, Patrick Crilly, Vallipuram Muthukkumarasamy, “Sensing and
analyzing physiological data with a smart phone to secure an e-health system”,
in IEEE 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information
Technologies (ISCIT) , pp. 302 – 307.
[2] M. J. Gregoski, M. Mueller, A. Vertegel, A. Shaporev, B. B. Jackson, R. M. Frenzel,
S. M. Sprehn, and F. A. Treiber, "Development and validation of a smartphone
heart rate acquisition application for health promotion and wellness telehealth
applications," International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, vol. 2012,
pp. 1-7, 2012.
[3] “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology” by Joseph. J. Carr and John
M. Brown.
[4] PulseSensor, "An Arduino device for measuring a human pulse,
“http://www.pulsesensor.com/, 2012.
[5] Details of IR Base Hear Rate Sensor - www.sunrom.com
[6] Arduino Uno data sheet - www.arduino.cc 33

35. THANK YOU
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