2. Learning objectives
Shoulder joint:
⢠Type & variety
⢠Articular surfaces
⢠Ligaments
⢠Relations
⢠Blood & nerve supply
⢠Movements
⢠Applied anatomy
LAQ: Describe the shoulder joint under following headings: a. articular
surfaces b. ligaments c. movements d. applied anatomy (2+3+3+2)2Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
3. How to describe a joint
9. Movements
10. Muscles producing
movements
11. Unique features of
particular joint
12. Applied anatomy
1. Definition
2. Type of joint
3. Variety of joint
4. Articular surfaces
5. Ligaments
6. Relations
7. Blood supply
8. Nerve supply 3Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
4. Shoulder joint
Definition :
ď Shoulder joint is formed
by articulation of the
scapula (glenoid cavity)
and head of the
humerus
ď Glenohumeral joint
4Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
7. Articular surfaces
Proximal articular surface :
Glenoid fossa of scapula
ďź Pyriform in shape
ďź Surface area, concavity
of glenoid fossa
increased by glenoidal
labrum
ďź Glenoidal labrum â fibro
cartilaginous ribbon like
structure
ďź Covered with hyaline
cartilage
7Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
8. Articular surfaces contâŚ
Distal articular surface:
The head of humerus
ďźHemispherical in
shape
ďźCovered with hyaline
cartilage
8Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
9. Shoulder joint â weak joint
o Glenoid fossa is too small
& shallow
o to hold the head of the
humerus in place
o The head is four times
the size of glenoid cavity
o Structurally, it is a weak
joint
Stability of the joint is ?
9Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
11. Capsule
ďLoose fibrous covering
ďInner surface lined with
synovial membrane
Attachments:
Proximal attachments:
Margins of glenoid fossa
(proximal to glenoid
labrum)
Distal attachments:
Anatomical neck of
humerus (except inferiorly,
extends to shaft for
1.25cm) 11Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
12. Glenohumeral ligaments :
Three :
1. Superior band
2. Middle band
3. Inferior band
ďśSeen on inner side of
ant. part of capsule
Accessory ligaments
13Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
13. Attachments :
Proximally: (Glenoid)
ď All 3 bands attached to
upper end of glenoid
fossa
Distal : (Humerus)
ď Upper band â top of
lesser tuberosity
ď Middle band â lower
part
ď Lower band â shaft just
below lesser tuberosity
Glenohumeral ligaments contâŚ
14Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
14. Transverse humeral ligament
Stretches between tops
of greater & lesser
tuberosities
Long head of biceps
tendon passes out deep
to this ligament
15Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
15. Coracohumeral ligament
Attachment :
Lateral margin of root of
coracoid process to
Greater tuberosity of
humerus
ďśAll the accessory ligaments
attach either lesser/greater
tuberosity of humerus
16Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
16. Coracoacromial ligament
(secondary socket)
ďśTriangular band
Base âattached to lateral
margin of coracoid
process
Apex â attached to tip of
acromion
Coracoid process,ligament
& acromion together form
â coracoacromial arch
Which forms secondary
socket for the joint
17Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
17. Rotator cuff
(Codmanâs musculo-tendinous cuff)
Laxity & weakness of
joint is compensated
by this cuff
Derived from tendons
of â SITS
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis 18Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
18. Expansions from these
tendons fuse with
capsule
Strengthens the
capsule all round
(except inferiorly)
Injury to rotator cuff â
recurrent dislocation
Rotator cuff contâŚ
(Codmanâs musculo-tendinous cuff)
19Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
19. Glenoidal labrum
Fibro cartilaginous ribbon
like structure
Attached to margins of
the glenoid cavity
Increase the depth of
glenoid cavity
Increase the articular
surface of glenoid
Lined with hyaline
cartilage
21Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
20. Relations of shoulder joint
a) Muscles
b) Bursae
c) Vessels & nerves
24Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
22. a) Muscles: contâŚ
Superiorly:
⢠Long tendon of biceps
inside the capsule
⢠Supraspinatus outside
the capsule
Inferiorly:
⢠Long head of the triceps
ďś Deltoid â covers
superiorly, anteriorly,
posteriorly & laterally
Relations of shoulder joint
contâŚ
26Š Dr.N.Mugunthan
23. Subacromial (Subdeltoid)
bursa:
ďź Lies between deltoid
muscle & capsule
ďź Does not communicate
with joint
ďź Extends between
supraspinatus and
acromion & coracoacromial
arch
ďśLongest bursa in the body
b) Bursae related to shoulder joint contâŚ
30Š Dr.N.Mugunthan