OSGi Community Event 2016 Presentation by Derek Baum (Paremus) & Walt Bowers (Eurotech) Physical IoT devices are more exciting than any software user interface and should be central to any demo. Initially attracted by the IoT device, visitors’ are naturally receptive to learn more about the software platform and/or products controlling the solution. This is why the OSGi Alliance based their IoT demo on a LEGO® train. OSGi and the OSGi enRoute platform had no existing integrations for Lego® trains, but provided a great base for IoT development. The demo showcases how the OSGi ecosystem of open source and commercial products can be used together to build a compelling IoT solution. This talk reviews the end to end architecture used to deliver the demo and describes how the custom actuators and sensors needed to operate the LEGO® train were constructed and controlled. It also explains the issues encountered and how they were resolved. It then describes how the demo has been evolved for this conference. The OSGi IoT demo is on display in the exhibition area. Please visit the demo and try it out for yourself.

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OSGi Community Event 2016
co-located at
EclipseCon Europe 2016
How to build an effective
IoT demo with OSGi

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about: me derek.baum@paremus.com
• Studied Electronic Engineering
• Only ever worked as a Software Engineer:
- Unix - 1980- System III, System V, Solaris
- C/C++ - 1982-
- Linux - 1990- 0.9
- Java - 1995- 1.0
- OSGi - 2006- R4
• Until IoT came along..
- First time I’ve used a soldering iron for over 30 years!

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OSGi IoT Demo
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about: presentation
• What makes an effective IoT demo?
• Bottom-up review of OSGi IoT demo:
- Mechanical Engineering (Lego®)
- Electronic Engineering (Things)
- Software Engineering (OSGi)
• Problems encountered
• Resolutions & extensions
• Questions?

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What makes an effective IoT demo?
• A cool UI?

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A cool UI?

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What makes an effective IoT demo?
• A cool UI?
• or some Things?

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Some things?

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What makes an effective IoT demo?
• A cool UI?
• or some Things?
Things are more compelling as you can see them physically
doing stuff.
Things draw attention to your demo/product.
You can then demonstrate your cool UI :-)

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June 2015: Radio Controlled Cars?

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July 2015: Remote Controlled Trains?
• Goal – Demonstrate OSGi as a viable technology to
control low level IO on the device and high level control in
the cloud

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Lego® Train

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Lego® Train: Actuators & Sensors
What actuators & sensors do we need?
• Actuators - perform some action (write-only)
- setSpeed(train#, speed)
- setLight(train#, on_off)
- setTrackSwitch(switch#, normal_alternate)
- setSignal(signal#, colour)
• Sensors - report some status (read-only)
- getLocation(train#)

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Lego® Train: What’s in the box?
• Working system:
• Infrared remote controlled battery-powered train
- 4 channel, capable of controlling speed and lights of 4
trains
✓setSpeed()
✓setLight()
• Track
• Lego® bricks :-)

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Lego® Train: What’s missing?
• Track signals
• Track switch actuators
• Train location sensors

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Hardware Engineering
Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® Engineering

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Lego® VIP member

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Lego® Train: What’s missing?
✓Track signals
✓Track switch actuators
✗Train location sensors

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Electronic Engineering
Thing Engineering

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Train location sensors?
• No Lego® location sensors available :-(
• Mechanical or magnetic switches?
- too low tech?; can’t distinguish multiple trains
• Scan barcode on train?
- TBD
• Read RFID tag on train?
- cheap RFID readers available
- use 6 fixed readers and an RFID tag on each train

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MF-RC522 RFID reader

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MF-RC522 RFID reader - testing

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Lego® Train: What’s missing?
✓Track signals
✓Track switch actuators
✓Train location sensors
MF-RC522 RFID readers seem to work OK
• supported on Raspberry PI using SPI bus
• tested using Python RFID reader program
• range not great, 1-2cm, but should be OK

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Actuator & sensors
• Train speed & lights - infrared
• Track signals - high power LEDs
• Track switch actuators - Lego® motors
• Train location sensors - RFID

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Lego® Infrared protocol?

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Lego® Infrared protocol?
Protocol consists of 38 kHz cycles:
Low bit length = 16 x 1/38K = 421 us
High bit length = 27 x 1/38K = 711 us
Start bit length = 45 x 1/38K = 1184 us
Stop bit length = 45 x 1/38K = 1184 us
sub-ms timings require some
real-time capability

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LIRC - www.lirc.com

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LIRC <-> Lego® RC
• LIRC enables control of Lego® RC functions simply by writing
the correct sequence of “pulses” to /dev/lirc0.
• We converted an example C program into Java
- http://www.nishioka.com/train/control.c

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Actuator & sensor drivers?
• Raspberry Pi GPIO cannot drive high-
power LEDs or motors
• We need to use “driver” chips
Raspberry Pi GPIO connector

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LED driver: ULN2003A €0.50

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Motor driver: SN754410 €2.00

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IoT Demo Dual Segment Controller Hardware 20-July-2015
2 x MF-RC522 RFID Reader
connected to GPIO SPI Bus
ULN2003A
LED driver for signals
Raspberry Pi 2 GPIO connector
Motor driver for track switches
40
Dual segment driver

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Attach to Raspberry Pi

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Fritzing

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Fritzing

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Fabricate

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Attach to Raspberry Pi

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fritzing.org

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Software Engineering
OSGi Engineering

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Service model
Remote
services

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Deployment model

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SignalSegmentImpl

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Problems
Problems?

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Problems: RFID readers
MF-RC522 RFID readers seem to work OK
• range not great, 1-2cm, but should be OK
Not OK!
• unreliable, many not working at all
• range insufficient for reliable train detection
• help!

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Problems: RFID readers
•Use mechanical
micro-switches
instead of RFID
•Detect micro-
switches by creating
code to read GPIO
pin

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Extensions
Extensions?

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RFID #2
Despite failure of RFID#1, it still seemed like the most viable
detection mechanism.
Previously, we did not research available RFID devices, and just
used the cheapest, most readily available device.
RFID#2
• use a better RFID reader
• mount reader on train
• use multiple passive RFID tags on track

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RFID #2 - Better RFID Reader
• use a better RFID reader
• RMD6300
• works at 125kHz vs
13Mhz for old reader
• provides serial output
• still cheap: €5

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RFID #2 - Expensive Tags - >€1.00 each

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RFID #2 - Cheap Tags - €0.10 each

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RFID #2 - Perfect Tags - <€0.50 each

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RFID #2 - Better RFID Reader
• Produces serial output
• How to mount in train?
• Use bluetooth!

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RFID #2 - Mount on train

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RFID #2 - Mount on train

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RFID #2 - Mount on train

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Service model
Kura
MQTT

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Extensions - Hardware refactoring

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Summary
Summary

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Summary
• What makes an effective IoT demo?
• Bottom-up review of OSGi IoT demo:
- Mechanical Engineering (Lego®)
- Electronic Engineering (Things)
- Software Engineering (OSGi)
• Problems encountered
• Resolutions & extensions
• Questions?

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Q & A
Questions?

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Q & A

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Q & A

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OSGi Community Event Nov 2016
Interim Title Slide

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www.paremus.com @Paremus info@paremus.com
derek.baum@paremus.com
http://fritzing.org/projects/raspberry-pi-rfidmotorled-driver
https://github.com/osgi/osgi.iot.contest.sdk