1. ENERGY FOR LIFE
Chapter 3 - Section 3

2. Where do
basketball players
get the energy they
need to run, dribble,
shoot and block?

3. Trapping and Using Energy

4. Trapping and Using Energy
Metabolism:

5. Trapping and Using Energy
Metabolism:
total of all chemical reactions in an organism

6. Trapping and Using Energy
Metabolism:
total of all chemical reactions in an organism
These chemical reactions need enzymes in order to
occur.

8. Enzymes

9. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.

10. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
Enzymes also can cause molecules to join.

11. Enzymes
Enzymes cause a change to occur in a cell, but the
enzyme is not changed and can be used again.
Enzymes also can cause molecules to join.
Without the right enzyme, a chemical reaction in a cell
cannot take place.

15. Make and Take

16. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:

17. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers

18. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers

19. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food

20. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food

21. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food
What makes producers special?

22. Make and Take
All living things are divided into two groups:
producers
consumers
Producers—organisms that make their own food
Consumers—organisms that can’t make their own
food
What makes producers special?
They undergo photosynthesis

23. Photosynthesis

24. Photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 6H2O energy C6H12O6 6O2

25. Photosynthesis
the process that plants and other organisms use to convert
light energy into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food
carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 6H2O energy C6H12O6 6O2

26. Producing Carbohydrates

27. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?

28. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy

29. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy
Where is chlorophyll found?

30. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy
Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts

31. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy
Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts
The reactants of photosynthesis are:

32. Producing Carbohydrates
Chlorophyll’s role?
capture light’s energy
Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts
The reactants of photosynthesis are:
light energy, carbon dioxide and water

33. Producing Carbohydrates

34. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?

35. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil

36. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air

37. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together

38. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place?

39. Producing Carbohydrates
Where does the water and CO2 come from?
water - soil
CO2 - air
Some of the captured light energy is stored in the
chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecules together
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place?
Enzymes are needed for photosynthesis to take
place.

41. Storing Carbohydrates

42. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.

43. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.

44. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.
Plants use carbohydrates as food for growth, maintenance,
and reproduction.

45. Storing Carbohydrates
Plants make more sugar during photosynthesis than they
need for survival.
Excess sugar is changed and stored as starches or used
to make other carbohydrates.
Plants use carbohydrates as food for growth, maintenance,
and reproduction.
Consumers take in food by eating producers or other
consumers.

47. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.

48. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________

49. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria

50. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.

51. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.

52. Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.
Most cells use oxygen also when breaking down
food...that is why you may be breathing more heavily
when you run.....or do .....

53. 100 jumping jacks!
Muscle cells use a lot of energy when you run or do
other physical activities.
That is why muscle cells have many of this type of
organelle. _________________
Mitochondria
Muscle cells break down food to get this energy.
Some energy is used when you move and some
becomes thermal energy.
Most cells use oxygen also when breaking down
food...that is why you may be breathing more heavily
when you run.....or do .....

54. Cellular Respiration

55. Cellular Respiration
Some of the energy from the food you eat is used to
make you move.

56. Cellular Respiration
Some of the energy from the food you eat is used to
make you move.
Some of it becomes thermal energy, which is why
you feel warm or hot when you exercise.

57. Cellular Respiration
Some of the energy from the food you eat is used to
make you move.
Some of it becomes thermal energy, which is why
you feel warm or hot when you exercise.
Most cells also need oxygen to break down food and
that is why you are breathing a bit heavier.

58. Cellular Respiration

59. Cellular Respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

60. Cellular Respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration - chemical reactions that occur
to break down food molecules into simpler substances
and release their stored energy

61. Cellular Respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration - chemical reactions that occur
to break down food molecules into simpler substances
and release their stored energy
Just like in photosynthesis, enzymes are needed for
cellular respiration

62. Breaking Down Carbs

63. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.

64. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.

65. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose
molecules.

66. Breaking Down Carbs
The type of food molecules most easily broken down
by cells is carbohydrates.
Cellular Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose
molecules.
Each glucose molecule is broken down further into two
simpler molecules.

67. Breaking Down Carbs

68. Breaking Down Carbs
As the glucose molecules are broken down, energy is
released.

69. Breaking Down Carbs
As the glucose molecules are broken down, energy is
released.
The two simpler molecules are broken down again.
This breakdown occurs in the mitochondria of the
cell.

71. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.

72. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.
How do you get rid
of the wastes?

73. This process uses
oxygen, releases
much more energy,
and produces
carbon dioxide
and water as wastes.
How do you get rid
of the wastes?
you breathe out!

74. Carbohydrates go into the cell
1

75. Carbohydrates are broken
down into glucose
2

76. Glucose are broken down into 2
simpler sugars
3

77. Glucose are broken down into 2
simpler sugars
e
e
and energy is released
4

78. Simple sugars enter the
mitochondria and are broken down
more
5

79. Oxygen is used
Energy is released
Carbon dioxide and water are produced and released as wastes.
+ O2 energy + CO2 + H2O
]
wastes
products 6

80. Fermentation

81. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?

82. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.

83. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.
Like respiration, fermentation begins in the cytoplasm.

84. Fermentation
What happens when a cell does not have enough
oxygen for respiration?
the cell releases some of the energy stored in the
glucose molecules ~ this is called fermentation.
Like respiration, fermentation begins in the cytoplasm.
As the glucose molecules are broken down, energy is
released. The difference.....the simple molecules from
the breakdown of glucose do not move into the
mitochondria.

86. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.

87. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.

88. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.
Depending on the type of cell, the wastes may be lactic
acid, alcohol, or carbon dioxide.

89. Instead, more chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
These reactions release some energy and produce
wastes.
Depending on the type of cell, the wastes may be lactic
acid, alcohol, or carbon dioxide.
Lactic acid is what makes your muscles feel stiff and sore
after you work out.

90. Carbohydrates go into the cell
1

91. Carbohydrates are broken
down into glucose
2

92. Glucose are broken down into 2
simpler sugars
3

93. Glucose are broken down into 2
simpler sugars
e
e
and energy is released
4

94. Simpler sugars do not
go into the mitochondria
5

95. Chemical Reactions occur in
cytoplasm and some energy is
released.
e
e
e
Wastes are also produced, such as
lactic acid, alcohol, or carbon
dioxide.
6

97. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.

98. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.
Yeasts cells use fermentation and break down sugars in
bread dough. The produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
as wastes.

99. Some microscopic organisms, like bacteria, carry out
fermentation and make lactic acid. They are used in the
production of yogurt and some cheeses.
Yeasts cells use fermentation and break down sugars in
bread dough. The produce alcohol and carbon dioxide
as wastes.
Kimchi

100. Review

101. Review
photosynthesis

102. Review
photosynthesis
cellular respiration

103. Review
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
fermentation

104. Review
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
fermentation
How are photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and
fermentation related?

105. CO2, H2O
Sugars, O2

107. • producers use photosynthesis to make
food

108. • producers use photosynthesis to make
food
• living things use respiration or
fermentation to release energy stored
in food

109. • producers use photosynthesis to make
food
• living things use respiration or
fermentation to release energy stored
in food
• amount of energy released by
fermentation is less than that of
cellular respiration