Hpai class 5 - reality and occurrences - 021020

1. CIIC 5995-100 / ICOM 5995-100
Human Perspective in Artificial Intelligence
(HPAI)
Professor José Meléndez, PhD
“Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.”
– Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

2. Next Up
• Wrap ups
• Homework #1: Modeling
• Reality
• Augmented
• Virtual
• “Real”
• Occurrences

3. Homework #1 – Modeling
• I have graded all received
• Most of the class did very well
• If you did not do well
• Did you read the modeling article and review the class
slides/presentations?
• Did you use Piazza or Office Hours to clarify any doubts
about what you read/reviewed?
• If you read carefully, reviewed and did poorly – come
see me.
• If you did not put in enough effort, you see the result, so
do it differently next time – Homework #2.

4. Homework #1 – General Observations
• Make sure you read and understand the questions.
• Make sure you answer the questions (all parts).
• If helpful, use your language of preference where
possible (English or Spanish).
• HW01Q01B: Some explanations did not refer to the
layers of the HSI model.
• HW01Q02B: Main point was that we are typically
limited by our view from the outside.
• HW01Q03: Some models were not of the Professor.

5. Homework #1 – General Observations
• Some models were very simple but powerful
• Others were very detailed and seemingly complex
but well explained.
• No two models were the same. Why?

6. Next Up
• Reality
• Augmented
• Virtual
• “Real”
• Occurrences

7. What is Augmented Reality?
Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world
environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-
generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
https://lookingglass.services/augmented-reality/what-is-augmented-reality/
https://vrscout.com/news/augmented-reality-app-1-dollar-bill-tour-white-house/

8. What is Virtual Reality?
Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is
created with software and presented to the user in
such a way that the user suspends belief and
accepts it as a real environment. On a computer,
virtual reality is primarily experienced through
two of the five senses: sight and sound.
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-reality
http://web.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ist188480/cmul/introduction.html

9. Origins of Virtual Reality
The Sword of Damocles (1965) - Ivan Sutherland
https://www.bakkerelkhuizen.co.uk/knowledge-center/what-are-virtual-and-augmented-reality/

10. Origins of Virtual Reality
The Sword of Damocles (1965) - Ivan Sutherland
https://www.bakkerelkhuizen.co.uk/knowledge-center/what-are-virtual-and-augmented-reality/
• Video shown from Moodle
• Also available at: https://youtu.be/0iyNrV7w4f4

11. What is Reality?
NO LONGER AVIALABLE

12. What is Reality?
An illusion of the things you want to happen
What we choose it to be.
Wherever you believe you exist.
Illusive conviction
Experiences an individual has
It’s the way [YOU] see, feel, and think thing are.
What your senses feed, and your brain accepts as true.
Reality is our own.
Anything that someone strongly believes in is that person's reality.
a labyrinth of pain and happiness.
It's what an individual perceives & sees on a day to day basis; effectively making each person have their unique reality.
Reality is subjective, you cannot determine a reality for everyone only yours.
Anything that you can experience with your senses.
An interpretation of what your body can sense which is perceived as a simluation.
What Me myself and I feel.
Reality is what a person can interact with and see in regular day to day life.
Reality is what we experience.
General perception of existence.
Something each individual constructs through their perception of the world.
Reality is the perspective our mind creates after receiving all the necessary information of our surrounding through our five senses.
Our reality is the shadow cast by the light in the allegory of the cave.
Existence in disguise.

13. What is Reality?
Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.
– Albert Einstein
All that glisters is not gold.
– William Shakespeare
Reality leaves a lot to the imagination.
– John Lennon
Everything you can imagine is real.
– Pablo Picasso

14. What is Reality?
lopensaste.tumblr.com

15. Reality
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reality

16. Reality
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/real

17. Can We Observe Reality?
• Can you know how fast something moves at the same time you
know it’s exact location? (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle)
• Things that are Real:
• Exist independently of observation.
• Occur independently of observation.
• Are as they are independently of observation.
• Observation breaks strict reality.
• Can something be observed at the same exact time as it exists?

18. Is what you see real?

19. All Reality is Virtual – Harry McGurk
• How do we process voice and vision at the same time?
• Seeing is believing?
• Is hearing believing?
• Is one more dominant than the other?
• Developmental Psychologist
• University of Surrey
• McGurk Effect (1976)
(1936-1998)

20. All Reality is Virtual – Harry McGurk
• Three videos shown from Moodle
• Also available at:
• https://youtu.be/lEoY2e-pB5w
• https://youtu.be/X2oqxJfo_m4
• https://youtu.be/xlXaNJR-1Oo
• Developmental Psychologist
• University of Surrey
• McGurk Effect (1976)
(1936-1998)

21. What is the Difference in Realities?
All Reality Is Virtual.
That’s a strong statement, and it’s not obvious if
you haven’t thought about it before, so I’ll say it
again—the reality we experience is a construct in
our minds, based on highly incomplete data. It
generally matches the real world well, which
isn’t surprising, evolutionarily speaking, but it’s
not a literal reflection of reality—it’s just an
inference of the most probable state of the
world, given what we know at any one time.
Oculus Chief Scientist Michael Abrash

22. Next Up
• Occurrences

23. Occurrences

24. Types of Occurrences
• Direct
• Internal
• Derived
• Being
• Inside Another
• Remote

25. Types of Occurrences - Direct
Direct Occurrences: A very specific circumstance that happens
and that you can touch/hear/see/taste/smell in the moment;
therefore, it may influence your perspective immediately.
1. Change of weather – here – observable when it happens.
2. Power goes out – here – observable when it happens.
3. Raised hand when you can see it.

26. Types of Occurrences - Internal
Internal Occurrences: A very specific circumstance that
happens entirely inside of you involving thoughts, feelings
and/or emotions. It may influence your perspective
immediately.
1. Panic attack
2. Recalling a moment – accessing your memory
3. Any of your observations of reality.

27. Types of Occurrences - Derived
Derived Occurrences: A very specific circumstance that
happens which informs you of another possibly previously
occurring circumstance. You are informed through your
external sense(s); therefore, it may influence your perspective
immediately.
1. It rained while I was inside
2. Someone that took a test tells you it was hard.
3. Something happened – someone calls you and tells you

28. Types of Occurrences - Being
• Being Occurrences: A very specific circumstance that happens to your
physical being without your awareness, therefore it is not sensed, and it
does not influence your perspective immediately.
1. A neuron fires
2. A tumor forms
3. A heart beats (though sometimes you are able to hear this)

29. Types of Occurrences – Inside Another
• Inside Another Occurrences: A very specific circumstance that happens
entirely inside of another person while you are interacting with them.
1. They feel they have to go to the bathroom
2. They are thinking
3. They are experiencing an emotion

30. Types of Occurrences - Remote
• Remote occurrences: A very specific circumstance that happens away from
your direct sensory reach and as such, does not immediately influence your
perspective.
1. There is a DJ playing music in Ibiza
2. There is a shark off the waters of a foreign country you are not in
3. A tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear or see it.

31. Governor Malloy
State of Connecticut Address
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng5_-0CKzKs
3:00 - 6:00

32. Required Reading
• How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain:
Introduction: The Two-Thousand-Year-Old Assumption
Chapter 1: The Search for Emotion’s “Fingerprints”