Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that affects 1-3% of the population equally among males and females. Sigmund Freud believed that OCD stemmed from issues with potty training as a child. Therapists now use various approaches including trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, and exposure response prevention to understand and treat OCD. Treatment focuses on helping clients gain self-esteem and reduce anxiety when confronting obsessive thoughts and compulsions.

Gesundheit & Medizin

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Meg Gooding

An introduction to OCD OCD is an anxiety disorder that 1-3% of the general population suffer from. There is an equal distribution of males and females that suffer from OCD.

Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud attributed OCD to a child’s deep frustration or negative experience with potty training.

Psychoanalytic Approach It is said that obsessions arise when the individual is trying to counteract impulses with defense mechanisms: ,[object Object]

Trait Approach In the matter of OCD, if a therapist is able to evaluate which traits are susceptible in triggering compulsive behavior in a client, relapse prevention methods would be easier to outline.

Biological Approach There is a consistent correlation between parents/relatives that have been diagnosed with OCD, and their children/family members being diagnosed with OCD. The most common being between mother & daughter. (Taberner, 2009)

Humanistic Approach Much of what therapists use in the treatment of OCD is Exposure Response Prevention, and helps the client to gain the ability to over come the anxiety when faced with the compulsion to their obsession.

Humanistic Approach Gradually over time the individual gains more self-esteem about confronting these situations, reducing their state of anxiety.

Behavioral & Social Learning Approach Observational learning or ‘learned behavior’ can influence the individual to develop feelings or behaviors toward situations or events.

Cognitive Approach An individual with OCD processes information that becomes distorted The dysfunctional beliefs of these individuals leads them to avoid situations and places.

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Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rasd Self-reported emotion regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder, without intellectual disability Talia Burtona,*, Belinda Ratcliffea,b, James Collisona, David Dossetorb, Michelle Wongb a School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Bankstown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia b Department of Psychological Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O Number of reviews completed is 2 Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder Emotion regulation Social skills Mental health Autism severity A B S T R A C T Background: Emotion regulation (ER) may be a critical underlying factor contributing to mental health disorders in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Scant literature has utilised self-reported ER in children with ASD and explored the association between mental health and social skills. This study explored the association between self-reported ER skills, and parent/ teacher proxy reports of ER, social skills, autism severity and mental health. Method: The pre-existing data set included a community sample of 217 students aged seven to 13-years (Mage = 9.51, SD = 1.26; 195 Male, 22 Female) with ASD. The study employed a correlational design, whereby existing variables were explored as they occurred naturally (Hills, 2011). Children self-rated ER, while parents and teachers rated ER, social skills, and mental health difficulties via standardised questionnaires. Results: Multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for parent and teacher reports. The linear combination of parent-reported emotion regulation, social skills, autism severity, and child-reported ER accounted for 46.5 % of the variance, compared to 58.7 % for the teacher- report analysis. Social skills appeared to be a stronger predictor of mental difficulties than emotional regulation irrespective of source. Conclusions: The current study suggests self-reported ER to be a significant contributor to mental health when in isolation. However, in the context of social skills and autism severity, ER is no longer a significant contributor in a child and adolescent community sample, in determining mental health. This suggests, that for children aged seven to 13-years with ASD, without ID, to reduce mental health difficulties, social skills may be the focus of intervention, with some focus on ER ability. 1. Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties in two core domains; social- communication and restricted/ repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Compared to their typically developing (TD) peers, children with ASD have difficulties in social-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal social-communicativ ...

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