The exercise sheets provide all health professionals with a clear and concise exercise plan to provide to every patient seen in their clinical practice. Each sheet supports patients on how to exercise safely and effectively for each disease condition. Medical evidence clearly demonstrates that regular exercise is hugely beneficial for the majority of long term health conditions (Non Communicable Diseases, NCDs) and certain acute health problems. Every health and social care professional has a key role in helping patients to understand why it is important to exercise, where they can exercise safely, and how to exercise effectively to maximise the health benefits and to reduce the risks of NCDs.

1. Exercising with anxiety and depression
How to get started
Regular cardiovascular and strength exercises improve your
overall health. They can help you gain confidence, take your
mind off worries,improve your mood and self-esteem,increase
your opportunity to socialise, and cope with depression and
anxiety in a healthy way. Exercising in the outdoors has been
shown to significantly improve mental health and wellbeing.
Cardiovascular exercise can help reduce tension,depression,
anger, fatigue and confusion, which will in turn help you cope
better with the activities of daily life. It can also help you
manage the weight gain linked to certain medicines used to
treat depression and anxiety.
Follow an exercise plan that is easy to maintain and enjoy.
Invite your family or friends to join you, or ask if someone
wants to be your ‘exercise buddy’! There are many types of
exercises, activities, sports and structured classes to help you
improve your physical and mental health.
Take all medicines as recommended by your doctor
or pharmacist.
Warm up and cool down
Always start your exercise session with a 10–15-minute
warm up to loosen up the muscles and raise the heart
rate safely. Warm-up exercises include simple stretches,
range-of-motion activities and beginning the activity at a
low intensity. They can be done standing up, walking around,
marching on the spot or seated.
Always end your exercise session with a 10–15-minute cool
down to ensure your heart rate and breathing return to
normal safely. Cool-down exercises include simple stretches
and slowly decreasing the intensity of your activity.You should
feel relaxed but energised after exercise!
The exercises!
Cardiovascular/stamina
exercises—get your heart rate up!
How often: Aim for at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, or
150 minutes a week. If you haven’t exercised before,
start with 2–3 days a week and add sessions as your
strength and stamina increase.
How hard: If you are new to exercise, start at a low intensity—
aim to get slightly out of breath. Work towards
moderate to high intensity exercise.
How long: Aim for 30 minutes. If you haven’t exercised before,
start with 5–10-minute sessions and add 10-minute
intervals until you can comfortably exercise for
30 minutes. Alternatively, try three 10-minute
sessions of exercise throughout the day,which is just
as effective in terms of health benefits.
Type: Try walking, jogging, badminton, table tennis, spin
cycle classes, dancing and outdoor activities such
as hiking, running, Nordic walking or cycling.
Choose an activity you enjoy, or would like to try,
in a supportive environment! Ask your doctor or
healthcare professional to help facilitate exercise
for you.
What will it do for me?
Cardiovascular exercise significantly improves you heart and
lung health and can help reduce your risks of heart attack, obesity,
hypertension, cancer, strokes and diabetes. Regular exercise helps
with weight loss and improves vitality, mood, sleep quality and
self-confidence—all of which will help you feel better about yourself.
Strength exercises—use your
muscles!
How often: At least twice a week.
How hard: Low to moderate intensity using light weights,
resistance machines or your own body weight.
How many: Choose a variety of 8–10 exercises targeting the
upper and lower body, and repeat each exercise
10–15 times.
Type: Try weight training or resistance training,or a circuit
class using weight equipment. Strength exercises
include side arm raises, arm curls, wall push-ups,
elbow extensions, side and back leg raises, chair
dips, knee curls, chair-based leg straightening
exercises, toe stands and front arm raises.
What will it do for me?
Strength exercises help prevent muscle weakness and assist with
undertaking the activities of daily living such as household chores
and social activities with friends and family.
Flexibility exercises—stretch!
How often: Twice a week.
How many: Try 8−10 stretch exercises.
How long: Hold a stretch for 10−30 seconds.
Type: Try swimming, dancing, yoga, Tai Chi, gardening
or home stretch exercises.
What will it do for me?
Flexibility exercises help your body move easily, reduce pain in
joints from movement and keep your muscles toned and supple.
They also help reduce anxiety and help you to relax.
Balance exercises—move with
confidence!
How often: Twice a week.
How many: Try 2–3 balance exercises and repeat each exercise
twice.
How long: Hold each balance for 10 seconds.
Type: Try yoga, Tai Chi, some types of martial arts or
simple home balance exercises. Always exercise
safely when doing balance exercises. If you are at
high risk of falling, do seated balance exercises or
exercise using a sturdy chair or wall for support.

2. Exercising with anxiety and depression
What will it do for me?
Practising balance exercises helps to train your body to react more
quickly to impending balance loss, thereby reducing the risk of falls,
fractures and injuries. They also improve your posture.
Your exercise, your way!
Choose activities that are easy to start with, and that you
enjoy. If walking is difficult, cycling, swimming and chair-
based exercises are also excellent choices. Exercise with friends
and family or join a group class. Try exercising both indoors
and outdoors and see which you prefer!
If you have been inactive or have other health conditions,
discuss with your doctor or healthcare provider how you can
develop an exercise plan that you will benefit from easily.
Exercise safety
Ask your doctor for more information on how to exercise
safely and maintain an exercise plan. Some medicines can
cause dehydration,coordination problems,dizziness or fatigue,
so manage your exercise plan within your overall treatment
and support plan.
If you become overtired, stop exercising and discuss
modifying your exercise plan with your doctor or healthcare
provider. If you skip exercise on a scheduled day, plan it for
the next day.
Start with shorter sessions (e.g. 10–15 minutes) and slowly
build up to the recommended level.
Aim to get slightly out of breath, but exercise sensibly and
stop the activity if you feel unwell.
Always wear comfortable clothing and shoes that give good
support. Take frequent breaks if necessary, and drink water
before, during and after exercise.