COP12 Side event analyzes Catalonia's external responsibility for biodiversity loss

COP12 Side event on external
responsibility on global
biodiversity loss. 15/10/2014,
Pyeongchang (Rep.of Korea)

Due to the increasing internationalization of the Catalan economy and the establishment of internal
policies that determine and affect, increasingly, territories and natural areas beyond the borders of
Catalonia, there is the possibility of including criteria liability outdoor future actions of the Government of
Catalonia.
The 2020 Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union raises just increase the responsibility of the
Member States in nature conservation and biodiversity on a global scale, to address ecosystem
degradation and halt the loss of biodiversity.
PURPOSE : Analyze the impact of a set of activities promoted by Catalonia on
the biodiversity of other countries, particularly in developing countries.
TITLE: The external responsibility of the Catalan economy and society in terms
of global biodiversity loss.
Coordination: D.Llistar. (david.llistar@odg.cat)
Collaborators: A.Jurado, M.Vargas, A.Pérez, M.Ortega,
D.Ortega, A.Schimpf, R.Sànchez, E.Peritz, E.Galán, P.Ariza,
M.Conde, R.Binimelis, B.Mínguez.
.
Responsabilitat ambiental 2 exterior de Catalunya

Focus area 1- The social metabolism
1.- By economic sectors:
Given the weight of each sector / sub-sector
activity in the Catalan economy,
considering the identification of
activities and impacts on biodiversity,
there has been an initial focus on
prioritizing activities in the analysis
Oil imports (in market value) Cereal net imports (in market value)
Source: UNCTAD, 2002
Catalan footprint
Production / supply of food and the consumption of non-renewable resources (oil, gas,
mining) activities cause the greatest impact on biodiversity loss and the degradation of
ecosystem services beyond the borders of the Catalan territory. Catalan metabolism, similarly to
other developed countries, employs more environmental space provisions. The current energy
and agrofood systems are the two main environmental-grabbers outside Catalan borders.
The last estimate of the Catalan ecological footprint (Mayor, Belmonte and Quintana, 2006)
obtained the value of 8.4 times the area of Catalonia.

Focus area 2: Biodiversity hotspots
2.- Spacial impact factor:
Hotspots (hight biodiversity concentration, endemic species
and habitat loss)

Source: ODG, 2009
Focus area 3:
The “Impactology”

Imports of oil and gas impacts in areas of high
biodiversity
IMPACT: Deforestation, loss and
fragmentation of habitat,
degradation and erosion and
contamination of soil and water.
Delta Niger, 2004 George Osodi www.artnotoil.org.uk
Refinería, Nigeria 2004 www.artnotoil.org.uk
- 92.4% of the primary energy consumed in Catalonia is produced from
non-renewable natural resources (consumption in 2009, according ICAEN
2012).
- Catalan energy imports at exploration, construction and operation stages
in critical areas affect biodiversity hotspot in North Africa, Central Africa
and the Middle East.

Impacts of biofuel Catalan imports . Palm oil
case.
Foto: Plantació d’oli de palma (Malàisia). Gonzalo Rodríguez
Catalonia does not have
the necessary land to meet
the objectives it has set for
biofuels
Social and environmental
impacts of the production
of energy crops imported
from Catalonia
IMPACT: deforestation to convert the surface to forest plantations, loss
and soil erosion, eutrophication and over-exploitation of water resources,
increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, and the impoverishment of
diversity by agricultural expansion of monocultures and GMOs.

Impacts of Catalan imports of minerals.
Case of copper
Photo: Mine at Barrick Pascua Lama occupies the totality of the Biosphere Reserve of St.
Guillermos
- Imports of mineral Catalonia increased by 71% between 1990 and
2004.
- IMPACT: direct destruction of Glera rivers and floodplains,
groundwater and surface water pollution, bioaccumulation of
contaminants, loss of endemic species and genetic variation;
problems in indigenous communities.
Photo: Pollution of rivers Cajamarca, Peru

Impacts of Catalan imports of agricultural
products- Coffee
The rapid
spread of
coffee
cultivation
practices,
intensive
agrochemical
use and
eliminating
other species
of plants,
especially
epiphytes
(plants rooted
in soil but
other species
are used as
support),
which has
reduced
biodiversity
Picture: Coffee Processing, Ecuador. Source: Peter Mettler, for the documentary "Landscapes Transformados

Impacts of Catalan imports of flowers
Colombia stands out in
both cases as the main
supplier, followed by
Kenya
It is estimated that the
amount of water used by
the roses sector in
Colombia is equivalent
to a city of 600,000
inhabitants. One hectar
of rose and one of
carnation produce
between 40 and 150kg of
waste per month, mainly
impregnated with
pesticides.
Photo: Irrigation of roses, Colombia

Overexploitation of forest resources
Untransformed forest landscapes
IInnttaacctt ffoorreesstt llaannddssccaappeess
• 35 % a Amèrica Llatina.
• 28 % a Amèrica del Nord.
• 19 % en el nord d'Àsia.
• 7 % en el sud d'Àsia i el Pacífic
• 8 % a l'Àfrica.
• Menys de 3 % a Europa.

Impact of Catalan fishery imports
For example, fisheries agreements between the EU
and third countries produce environmental and
social impacts in areas with few regulations for
(introduction of exotic species, overfishing and local
extinction of species, alteration of coastal
ecosystems, species affected and culturally
important ecosystems and loss of food sovereignty).
They include imports of shrimp (shrimp), tuna,
salmon and Nile perch as specific examples of
Catalan consumption and significant impacts on
biodiversity.
35% of the area of m angroves has been lost or
become afraid shrimp industry
Photo: shrimp Chone River estuary, Ecuadorr
The introduction of the Nile perch in Lake Victoria fishery has changed dramatically and the extinction of
hundreds of species collected cíclids.Dades late 90s indicate that two-thirds of the more than 300 species of
cichlid from Lake may have could become extinct or on the verge of doing so.
Photo: Nile Perch: Lake Victoria, Uganda

International trade of endangered species,
Catalonia 2006-07
24.218.242 tn
Biodiversity hotspots mapp:
8.969.182 tn
Source: Conservation International
· 584 body parts hippos (14
hunting trophies)
• 17,528 copies of various
species of corals from Indonesia.
• 379 kg of caviar of sturgeon
species endangered Caspian Sea.
• 594 trophies, skin and nails of
lions, leopards, panthers, pumas,
etc..
• 3003 living specimens of
iguanas and lizards.
• 2175 living specimens of
chameleons.
• 521 copies of live pythons.
• 4 brown bears.
• 3 African elephants.
CITES, 24% of mammals, 12% of bird species and 32% of
amphibian species are currently threatened with extinction.

IMPACT of Catalan imports
of Endangered Species
Hippopotamus amphibius
Any:2006-07

IMPACT of Catalan imports of Endangered Species
Iguanas, lizards Chameleons Phyton
Any:2006-07
22117755 eexxeemmppllaarrss
GGhhaannaa,, MMaaddaaggaassccaarr,, TTaannzzaanniiaa,,
CCaammeerruunn
EEXXTTRREETTSS DDEE LLAA
NNAATTUURRAA
MMaaddaaggaassccaarr,, TTaannzzaanniiaa,,
AArrggeennttiinnaa,, GGhhaannaa,, CCaammeerruumm,,
GGuuyyaannaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa,, CChhaadd,,
NNAATTUURRAA
TTaannzzaanniiaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa,, MMaallaassiiaa,,
GGhhaannaa
NNAATTUURRAA

Acropora abrolhosensis,
Pectinia lactuca,
Galaxea astreata,
Acropora echinata
Acropora horrida
Acropora jacquelineae
Acropora kimbeensis
Euphyllia ancora
Physogyra lichtensteini
Turbinaria mesenterina
Turbinaria peltata
2200%% ooff wwoorrlldd ccoorraall
hhaass ddiieedd
Extract from NATURE : 17.528 living specimens
Indonesia
IMPACT of CAT imports of Endangered
Species
Any:2006-07

Comerç d'espècies EN PERILL D'EXTINCIÓ
Font: elaboració pròpia ODG, 2009

Impacts of
bioprospecting
Prunus africana
Anys: 2006-07

Imports of wild species
2004-2009
900.000
800.000
700.000
600.000
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0
Animals salvatges importats a l'Estat espanyol
Font: CITES-Espanya (2012)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pells i flancs sencers Pells en trossos
Animals vius Plantes vives
Corals (distints dels vius) Manufactures diverses
Fusta serrada, en trossos, xapes o
escorça
Altres productes
Total, finalitats comercials Trofeus de caça
Altres finalitats
Unitats

III. Impacts of the Catalan FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
8000.00
7000.00
6000.00
5000.00
4000.00
3000.00
2000.00
1000.00
0.00
Inversió bruta catalana a l'estranger
Font: Elaboració pròpia a partir d'IDESCAT, 2012.
Amèrica Llatina i Carib
Àsia i Oceania
Àfrica
Paradisos fiscals
Total
Milions d'€
Inversió catalana a l'estranger 2011
Font: Elaboració pròpia a partir IDESCAT, 2012.
Indústries
manufactureres
Construcció
Comerç a l'engròs i al
detall
Transport i
emmagatzematge
Activitats financeres i
d'assegurances
Activitats immobiliàries
Altres branques <2%
Impacts on biodiversity identified by
external companies with significant
presence capital and Catalan) - Financial
and banking ii). - Energy and Water iii). -
Raw iv). - Construction and hospitality, v). -
chemical and pharmaceutical companies.

Impacts of Catalan factor in biodiversity loss in
areas of high linguistic and cultural density (eg.
Papua New Guinea, the Amazon Region,
Colombian Guajira, etc.).
Clear relationship between loss of biodiversity
and destruction of cultural and linguistic
diversity.

Biodiv. Global responsibility 2.0. Mapping

www.odg.cat
Contacte: david.llistar@odg.cat
Gràcies, thank you.

COP12 Side event analyzes Catalonia's external responsibility for biodiversity loss

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie COP12 Side event analyzes Catalonia's external responsibility for biodiversity loss

Ähnlich wie COP12 Side event analyzes Catalonia's external responsibility for biodiversity loss (20)

Mehr von Medi Ambient. Generalitat de Catalunya

Mehr von Medi Ambient. Generalitat de Catalunya (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

COP12 Side event analyzes Catalonia's external responsibility for biodiversity loss