2. *
*INTRODUCTION
*PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS
*TYPES OF MODULES
*MODULAR COMPONENTS
*ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
*USE OF LIGHT STEEL FRAMING
*TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
*APPLICATION
*FUTURE TRENDS
*CASE STUDY
*CONCLUSION
*REFERENCE
3. *INTRODUCTION
*Modular construction is a term used for the factory production
of pre-engineered building units that are delivered to site and
assembled as large volumetric components.
*Modular units may be used for wide range of building types,
from residential buildings to complete fitted out buildings such
as fast-food restaurants
*The motivation for using modular construction lies in the
business related benefits that make this form of construction
more attractive to the client than alternative form of
conventional site-built construction.
4. *
Production efficiency and logistics ,such as transport and crane costs, play an important
role in the economical viability of modular building projects. the following points are
relevant to these issues:
* Ease of manufacture: module may not be as efficient structurally as they could be
because of the need for an integrated assembly line production and the requirements of
the transportation and the erection process.
* Finishing : the modules can be finished internally using “dry lining” techniques
* Transportation: delivery cost depend on travel distance from the factory to the site
* Erection: the larger and heavier the module , the larger the crane needed to handle
them, also the crane requires more space to operate.
* Site logistics: the modules are generally lifted straight from the lorry too the final
position. The modular units must arrive on the site on time .
5. * BASIC TYPES OF
MODULES
*STRUCTURAL MODULES
which function as a load-bearing steel frame . The
modules can be stacked to produce multi-storey buildings or
may be combined with primary structural frames.
*NON-STRUCTURAL MODULES
which are supported by a structural frame or on a
concrete floor. these modules can be located between the
primary structural members
*SHUTTER MODULES
In which the steel modules act as permanent formwork
for in-situ concrete. The applied loads are carried by the
concrete cross walls and floor slabs in the same way that they
would be in a conventionally constructed concrete building.
6. * OF MODULES
*FOUR SIDED MODULE
*PARTIALLY OPEN SIDED MODULE
*OPEN SIDED MODULE
*MODULE SUPPORTED BY PRIMARY STRUCTURE
7. *
*Four-sided modules are manufactured with four closed sides to create cellular type
spaces and are designed to transfer loads through their longitudinal walls.
*The modules are designed for the combined vertical load from the modules above
and in-plane loads due to wind action.
*The maximum height of buildings in four-sided modular construction is typically 6
to10 storeys.
9. *PARTIALLY OPEN SIDED MODULE
*It have partially open sides.
*Modules can be designed with partially open sides by the introduction of
corner and intermediate posts and by using a stiff edge beam in the floor
cassette.
*Two modules can be placed together to create wider spaces.
*Typically, 6 to 10 storeys can be achieved
10. Partially open sided modules
Layout of apartments using
partially open sided modules –
alternate modules are shadedApplication
Key worker accommodation, small apartments, hotels
with corridors, communal areas in student residences.
11. *OPEN SIDED MODULE
*Modules may be designed to be fully open on one or both long sides by transfer
of loads to the corner posts.
*The framework of the module is often in the form of hot rolled steel members,
such as Square Hollow Section (SHS) columns and Parallel Flange Channel
(PFC) edge beams, that are bolted together.
*Modules can be placed side by side to create larger open plan spaces, as
required in hospitals and schools etc.
12. Primary steel frame used in a
fully open sided module
Application
Schools and hospitals in low-rise buildings. Residential
buildings with variable room sizes
OPEN SIDED MODULE
13. * MODULE SUPPORTED BY PRIMARY
STRUCTURE
*Modular units may be designed to be supported by a primary structure
at a podium or platform level.
*The supporting columns are positioned at a multiple of the width of the
modules
*The beams are designed to support the combined loads of the modules
above.
*The supporting structure is designed conventionally as a steel
framework with beams and columns that align with multiples of the
module width, and provides open plan space at ground floor and below
ground levels.
14. Installation of modules behind external steel
framework at MoHo, Manchester
Modules supported by long spanning cellular beams to
create open plan space at the lower levels
Application
This form of construction is suitable for commercial and residential developments. Modular units
may be supported by a hot-rolled steel or concrete podium structure. Buildings with podiums are
typically mixed-use, with residential units above commercial areas or car parking.
15. *
*Lifts
the time taken to install a conventional lift will usually determine when a
building is handed over to the client. modular lift installation methods have
been in use for over 10 years, and allow lift to be installed quickly.
*Stairs
Pre fabricated stairs are quick and easy to install , and are
immediately available for use by the erection team and
other building workers.
Modular lift
Modular stairs
16. toilet
Corridors
In some systems single hotel modules consist of two bedrooms each side of a
corridor. Alternatively bedrooms may be produced as separate modules.
Toilet modules
Toilet modules can be constructed as a self-supporting units and
lifted and slid into place on the floor of buildings .
Modular toilet
17. *ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR
CONSTRUCTION*Economy of scale by manufacture of multiple similar modular units.
*Speed of construction, which is up to 50% faster than traditional methods.
*High level of quality control through off-site manufacture.
*Minimum disturbance to the locality during construction.
*Suitable where site constraints may limit deliveries needed for other more traditional methods of
building.
*Elimination of on-site waste; waste in the factory can be recycled more easily.
*Suitability for roof-top extensions in building renovation.
*Specialist equipment and services may be commissioned and tested in the factory, which is
important in hospital projects.
*Modules may be moved in the future as demand changes
18. *
Steel grades and section
Light steel framing consist of cold formed steel section in c
or z form, or their variants, which are roll formed from
galvanized steel of 0.1 to 3.2 mm thickness. The members
are cut to length and assembled by various connection
methods to form structural framework of the modular unit.
the various section types are illustrated in figur.
19. *
Floors and walls
The spacing of the structural elements in floors and walls is normally dictated by the spacing
capability of the floorboards and plaster board.it is for this reason that 400 and 600 mm are commonly
used dimensions for layout of the structural elements to which the floorboards and plasterboards are
directly attached. Floors of modules comprise C sections of 150 to 250 mm depth.
Wall elements are usually single c sections of 75 to 150 mm depth, external walls are insulated by
placing the insulation outside the frame, a variety of cladding materials may be attached to the
structure.
wallFloor and wall
20. *
Roofs are generally designed as separate structures that
are supported either continuously by the internal walls of
the modular units. roofs may also be designed as modular
units for ease of assembly.
Conventionally ,roof trusses are manufactured in timber
or
light steel, with span in the region of 7 to 10 m.
CONNECTIONS
There are two types of connections.
I. Factory made connections
II. Site made connection
In conventional light steel framing ,pre fabrication is done using the
following connection techniques
I. self-drilling self-tapping screws
II. welding
III. clinching
IV. self piercing rivets
Welded connection
Roof
21. *
*Stability and structural integrity
Lateral stability can be provided by the modules themselves, or by an
external structure. Robustness is provided by the ties between the modules;
a minimum tying resistance equal to at least half the loaded weight of the
module is recommended.
*Cladding
Various forms of cladding may be used, such as:
I. Brickwork
II. Metallic fascia
III. Insulated render
IV. Board materials.
22. *Fire resistance
Fire resistance is provided by multiple layers of fire resisting boards. Two 15 mm thick fire
resisting plasterboard layers internally plus 100 mm thick mineral wool can achieve a fire
resistance of 90 minutes.
*Balconies
Balconies may be attached to modules in various ways:
I. Balconies supported by a self standing steel
II. structure that is ground supported
III. Balconies attached between adjacent modules
IV. Balconies attached to corner posts in the modules
23. *APPLICATIONS
*HOTELS AND HOTEL EXTENSIONS
*CELLULAR APPARTMENTS UNITS
*STUDENT RESISDENTS
*EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
*HIGHLY SERVICED UNITS
*ROOF TOP EXTENSIONS
24. *
*Mixed use buildings - ‘Open building systems’
*Greater standardisation in modular dimensions and connectivity
*High-rise modular construction, often with an additional
supporting structure
*Greater emphasis on adaptability and re-use
*Pre-attachment of cladding for highly accurate construction
25. *
*The 5 accommodation blocks incorporate 1060
residential units and range from 4 storey to 8,
to 11 and culminate at 17 storeys .
*The Paragon project is a good example of
modular construction techniques being used in
practice to construct large structures .
*The Paragon modules were manufactured using
fully welded steel frames, with hot rolled steel
to create the structure of each module.
*Modular units were up to 15m long by 4m wide,
with each module typically containing 2 en-suite
rooms, kitchen/living rooms or bedrooms and
bathrooms.
*Installation process- using a tower crane, was
able to erect 15 modules per day.
Paragon Project, Brentford
26. *
*Increase the speed of construction
*Cost effective for medium rise buildings
*Eliminate the need for separate independent structural
frame
*Reduce the financial cost
*Improves the quality
27. *
*Modular construction using light steel framing:
M T Gorgolewski , P J grubb ,and R M lawson
SCI PUBLICATION P302
*Modular construction using light steel framing:
J prewer, P J trebilcock , P J grubb ,and R M lawson
SCI PUBLICATION P 272
*Light Steel Framing and Modular Construction,
R M Lawson
Technical Information Sheet ED014
