1. (Videos with accurate close captioning, no transcript needed.)
VIDEO LINK- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU9Wie_xyFo
As the topic of exercise is commonly prescribed as a treatment to help alleviate most heart
conditions, above is a video link providing information regarding exercise.
VIDEO LINK-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XR6etAY_-w&feature=related
If a doctor suspects that a patient may have an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia, they will
order for an Echocardiography to be performed. This is an ultra sound of the heart and a link
has been provided of a patient with a certain kind of arrhythmia having this performed.
VIDEO LINK-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBFGwNntLqg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j18hxlBUeIM&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzlu8l_FOYY&feature=relmfu
These videos explain the usage and detail what one should know before and during taking
Atenolol, which is what the interviewee was prescribed by his doctor.

2. (Videos with inaccurate closed captioning, transcripts provided.)
VIDEO LINK- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
Below is the transcript for a video explaining the lay out of the human heart. It is
important as a medical interpreter to know how the heart works and the basic
structure.
How does the human heart work?
About the size of your fist, the human heart is the most important muscle in your body.
It can beat more than 100,000 times a day, pumping about 2,000 gallons of blood through a
60,000 mile networking of vessels in the body. The human heart is made up of four major
chamber; the right atrium, the right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.
The right side of the heart receives blood that is low in oxygen from veins all over the
body and then pumps the blood through the pulmonary arteries in the lungs where it will
become re oxygenated. The left side of the heart receives this oxygen rich blood from the lungs,
then it pumps the blood through the aorta and back out to the rest of the body through a
complex network of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. While blood is circulating through the
body, it delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue through the capillaries and, at the same time,
picks up carbon dioxide and other waste material. The veins return the deoxygenated blood to
the right atrium and the cycle begins again.

3. How do the heart valves work?
The heart has four valves, each valve is like a one-way door that keeps the blood in the
heart flowing in the same direction. The valves are made up of two or three small but strong
flaps of tissue called leaflets. Leaflets open to allow blood to flow through the valve and close
to prevent the blood from flowing backward. The opening and closing of the valves is controlled
by blood pressure changes within each heart chamber.
The tricuspid valve is positioned in the hearts right side, between the right atrium and
right ventricle. The pulmonic valve separated the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery. The
mitral valve is positioned in the hearts left side between the left atrium and the left ventricle;
and the aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
As blood circulates through the heart, some of the blood flows into a set of much
smaller blood vessels that provide blood directly to the heart. These arteries, called coronary
arteries, surround or “crown” the heart. This separate circulatory system, called coronary
circulation, keeps the heart nourished and oxygenated. The two main branches of the aorta
that nourish the heart are the right and left main coronary arteries.

4. Coronary artery disease, which occurs when there is a buildup of cholesterol plaque,
affects the arteries of this circulatory system and causes a decrease in blood flow to the heart
muscle, resulting in possible damage to the heart or heart attack.
What does the electrical system of your heart look like?
The beating of the heart, which is its rhythm, is regulated by electrical impulses generated
by your heart muscle. These impulses begin in the sinoatrial node and cause your heart to
contract. Sometimes, the sinoatrial node is also referred to as your hearts “natural pace maker”
since it keeps your heart rate constant and consistent. The impulses then travel to the atrium
ventricular node where the signal is checked and then sent through the ventricles, which causes
them to contract. Your heart rate can change based upon external conditions such as diet,
exercise, stress or even hormonal factors.
VIDEO LINK-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCNQ7jbvfbg
Below is the transcript of a video from the University of Leicester which shows the
proceedings of a typical cardiovascular examination.
Doctor- I would like to examine your heart now please, could you undress to your waist and
take your shoes and socks off please.
Patient- Yes, sure.
Doctor- Sir, yes please come up here. Okay, just rest back and get comfortable. Keep your arms
by your side and can I have your hands please? Thank you, now turn your hands over I am just
going to feel your pulse. Okay, thank you rest your arms now. Can I have your hands again
please? I want to feel the pulse in both your hands please.
Patient- Sure.
Doctor- Thank you, now rest your left arm I am going to feel your pulse here. Now relax your
arm again and your left arm now. I’ll come back and measure your blood pressure at the end of
the examination.
Patient- Okay.
Doctor- Now just rest your head back a little, thank you. Look down a little bit for me? I just
want to get a good look at your face and take your glasses off for me? Thank you. Now, I am

5. just going to lower your eye lid. Now please put your glasses back on, thank you. Can you open
your mouth for me? Lovely, now stick your tongue out for me? Thank you. As you are please
but look to the left that’s great. I want to have a look at the vein in your neck, okay. Now look
forward again please and I want to feel the pulses in your neck. Again on the right side, that’s
great thank you. What I am going to do next is feel your heart. Now I will have a listen. Excuse
me. Now I am going to have you move to your left..roll to your left.
Patient-Like this?
Doctor- A little bit further; I am just going to finish listening to your heart. I’d like to have a
listen to your neck now and what I would like for you to do is just hold your breath for a short
period of time.
Patient- Right now?
Doctor- Yes please, yeah thank you. Thank you rest easy. I want you to sit forward please, thank
you and I am just going to have a listen to the bottom of the heart. If you will just breath in..and
breath out..and stop breathing. Okay, breath again please. I am just going to have a listen to the
back of your lungs breath in and out..and again once more. That’s lovely thank you. Please rest
back please sir. Now, the pulses in your feetand I am just going to put a bit more pressure
behind the ankle. Okay, thank you. Now I am going to measure your blood pressure.
VIDEO LINK-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw4nDMgTOrw
Below is the transcript from a video providing a brief description of cardiac
arrhythmia.
A change in the heart’s normal electrical conduction system can result in arrhythmia or
irregular heartbeat. An arrhythmia can be an abnormally slow heartbeat or an abnormaly fast
heartbeat. In some cases, it can be fatal
VIDEO LINK-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x67vRkooZDc
Below is the transcript for a video highlighting the different types of cardiac
arrhythmia.

6. This animation will show some of the most common types of arrhythmia; click the
navigation arrows below the animation screen to play, pause, rewind or fast forward the
animation.
Your heart is a muscular organ which lies in the center of your chest. Your heartbeat is
controlled by electrical impulses which travel across the heart, making it contract. The atria
contract first sending blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then contract sending blood to
the lungs and around the body. Nerves, supplying the heart, change the rate at which impulses
are sent across the heart muscle to meet the needs of the body.
In atrial fibrillation, the electrical impulses in the atrium become disorganized, over
riding the hearts normal rate and rhythm. This causes the atria to quiver or fibrillate. The
regular impulses can be transmitted to the ventricles causing the heart to pump irregularly and
too fast. In supraventricular tachycardia or SVT, the irregular electrical impulses cross the
ventricles and back up into the ventricles in a circle rather than traveling from the atria to the
ventricles in one direction, as they should; this makes the heart beat faster. In ventricular
tachycardia, abnormal electrical impulses are produced in the lower chamber of the heart; this
causes the heart to pump faster than normal. The ventricles may now have enough time to fill
up with blood properly, so less blood is pumped around your body.
In heart block, the electrical impulses that control your heart beat are slowed down or
blocked as they travel through your heart. This can result in a slow heart rate. In ventricular
fibrillation, electrical impulses start firing from many different points in the lower chamber of
the heart very rapidly and in an irregular rhythm. This makes the heart quiver and unable to
beat properly. Ventricular fibrillation is fatal without proper treatment.
This is the end of the animation, click on the animation screen to watch it again.