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Introduction
            • Click on the question
              marks to reveal the
              answer.
Marchelle   • Click BACK to go to the
Courtney      list of words
Nicole      • Click NEXT to go to the
Madison       next topic
Structure and Function (1) p.16
Anatomy        ?????
Physiology     ?????



                           NEXT
Anatomy
the study of the body's
 structures of living
 organisms




                           BACK
Physiology
the study of the
functions of each
    structure


                    BACK
Life Characteristics(1) & (Pg. 5-6)
Responsiveness      ?????
Conductivity        ?????
Growth              ?????
Respiration         ?????
Digestion           ?????
Absorption          ?????
Secretion           ?????
Excretion           ?????
Circulation         ?????
Reproduction        ?????
                                    NEXT
Responsiveness
 Permits
        an organism to sense,
    monitor, and respond to
   change in its environment.




                          BACK
Conductivity
  Permits an organism to
     sense, monitor, and
   respond to change in its
        environment.


                         BACK
Growth
 Normal increase in size
    or number of cells




                       BACK
Respiration
     Process  that results in
 absorption, transport, utilization,
   or exchange or respiratory
  gases between an organism
       and its environment


                                BACK
Digestion
  Process by which complex
   food products are broken
  down into simpler substances




                           BACK
Absorption
  Process by which complex
   food products are broken
  down into simpler substances




                           BACK
Secretion
  Production and delivery of
   specialized substances for
     diverse body functions




                            BACK
Excretion
  Removal of waste products
    produced during body
          functions




                          BACK
Circulation
 Refers   to the movement of
            body fluids




                          BACK
Reproduction
Involves   the formation of a new
              individual




                              BACK
Human Organization
Cell           ?????
Tissue         ?????
Organ          ?????
Organ system   ?????
Organism       ?????




                       NEXT
Cell
 The  basic unit of structure and function in
  living things
 May serve a specific function within the
  organism
 Examples: blood cells, nervous cells, bone
  cells, etc.



                                           BACK
Tissue
 Made   up of cells that are similar in
  structure and function and which work
  together to preform a specific activity
 Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective,
  epithelial, muscle, and nerve.
 Examples: blood, nerves, bone, etc.




                                       BACK
Organ
 Made  up of tissues that work together to
  perform a specific activity
 Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc.




                                         BACK
Organ System
 Groups  of two or more tissues that work
  together to perform a specific function for
  the organism
 The human body has 11 organ systems:
  circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretor
  y,



                                          BACK
Organism
   Entire living things that can carry out all basic
    life processes. Meaning they can take in
    materials, release energy from food, release
    wastes, grow, respond to the environment,
    and reproduce.
   Usually made up of organ systems, but an
    organism may be made up of only one cell
    such as bacteria or protist.
   Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom,
    sunflower, human

                                                  BACK
Homeostasis (5)
Homeostasis          ?????
Endocrine System     ?????

Positive Feedback   ?????
Negative Feedback   ?????




                             NEXT
Homeostasis
 astate of balance inside the
 body, where the body systems
   work together to keep it
     functioning normally



                            BACK
Endocrine System
 Keeps  the internal balance act going by
  releasing chemicals called hormones.
 The release of the hormones is controlled
  by negative feedback mechanisms




                                         BACK
Anatomical Planes (4)
Directional planes- describe the locations of structures
relation to other structures or locations in the body


Anterior                        ?????
Posterior                       ?????
Distal                          ?????
Proximal                        ?????
Dorsal                          ?????
Ventral                         ?????
Superior                        ?????
Inferior                        ?????
Lateral                         ?????
medial                          ?????                      NEXT
Anterior
   Toward the front of the body
    Example: The nose is on the
       anterior of the head




                               BACK
Posterior
 Toward the back (rear) Example:
  The heel is posterior to the head




                                BACK
Distal
  Away  from the trunk or point of
  attachment Example: The hand is
         distal to the elbow.




                               BACK
Proximal
 Toward   an internal organ; away
   from the outer wall (describes
 relative position in a limb or other
 appendage) Example: The joint is
       proximal to the toenail.



                                 BACK
Dorsal
 Along  (or toward) the vertebral
 surface of the body Example: Her
  scar is along the dorsal surface




                              BACK
Ventral
 Along(toward) the belly surface of
 the body Example: The navel is on
        the ventral surface.




                                BACK
Superior
   Towardthe top of the body
   Example: The shoulders are
      superior to the hips




                            BACK
Inferior
  Toward the bottom of the body
  Example: The stomach is inferior
            to the heart




                               BACK
Lateral
 Toward the side; away from the
  midsagittal plane Example: The
   eyes are lateral to the nose.




                             BACK
Medial
  Toward the midsagittal plane;
 away from the side Example: The
   eyes are medial to the ears.




                            BACK
Anatomical Planes (4)
 Body planes- a person standing in an upright position then
 dissecting this person with vertical and horizontal planes

Lateral or Sagittal Plane     ?????
Parasagittal Plane            ?????
Midsagittal Plane             ?????
Frontal or Coronal Plane      ?????
Transverse Plane              ?????




                                                          NEXT
Lateral or Sagittal Plane
  Imagine  a vertical plane that runs
   through your body from front to
   back or back to front. This plane
  divides the body into right and left
                regions




                                     BACK
Parasagittal Plane
 Sagittalplane that divides the
 body into unequal right and left
             regions




                               BACK
Midsagittal Plane
 Sagittal
         plane that divides the body into
 equal right and left regions.




                                            BACK
Frontal or Coronal Plane
  Imagine a vertical plane that runs
    through the center of your body
 from side to side. This plane divides
   the body into front (anterior) and
        back (posterior) regions




                                     BACK
Transverse Plane
 Imagine a horizontal plane that runs
   through the midsection of your
  body. This plane divides the body
   into upper (superior) and lower
           (inferior) regions




                                    BACK
Directional terms (1) & (Pg. 14-16)
Caudal             ?????
Cephalad           ?????
Visceral           ?????
Parietal           ?????
Deep               ?????
Superficial        ?????
Medullary          ?????
Cortical           ?????
Ipsilateral        ?????
Contralateral      ?????
                                      NEXT
Caudal
 Toward  the tail Example: The
   neck is caudal to the skull.




                                  BACK
Cephalad
Toward the head Example: The
  neck is cephalad to the tail




                             BACK
Visceral
Toward   an internal organ; away
  from the outer wall (describes
 positions inside a body cavity)
 Example: This organ is covered
   with the visceral layer of the
            membrane


                               BACK
Parietal
  Toward   the wall; away from
 internal structures Example: The
  abdominal cavity is lined with
      the parietal peritoneal
            membrane.



                               BACK
Deep
 Toward  the inside of a part;
    away from the surface
 Example: The thigh muscles are
       deep to the skin.




                             BACK
Superficial
 Toward  the surface of a part;
 away from the inside Example:
 The skin is a superficial organ.




                                BACK
Medullary
 Refersto an inner region, or
    medulla Example: The
 medullary portion of the organ
    contains nerve tissue.




                              BACK
Cortical
  Refers to an outer region or
  cortex. Example: The cortical
   area produces hormones.




                                  BACK
Ipsilateral
On the same side (of the body)
   as Example: The left knee is
   ipsilateral to the left ankle.




                                BACK
Contralateral
  On the opposite side of the
 body Example: The left knee is
 contralateral to the right knee.




                                BACK
Body Organization (2)
Ear                 ?????
Nose                ?????
Mouth               ?????
Neck                ?????
Point of shoulder   ?????
Armpit              ?????
Breast              ?????
Arm                 ?????
Back of elbow       ?????
Front of elbow      ?????

                            NEXT
Body Organization cont… (2)
Stomach               ?????
Reproductive organs   ?????
Wrist                 ?????
Palm                  ?????
Finger                ?????
Ankle                 ?????




                              NEXT
Ear
      Otic




              BACK
Nose
       Nasal




                BACK
Mouth
        Oral




                BACK
Neck
       Cervical




                   BACK
Point of shoulder
         Acromial




                     BACK
Armpit
         Axillary




                     BACK
Breast
         Mammary




                    BACK
Arm
      Brachial




                  BACK
Back of Elbow
       Antecubital




                      BACK
Front of elbow
      Antebrachial




                      BACK
Stomach
      Abdominal




                   BACK
Reproductive Organs
        Genital




                      BACK
Wrist
        Carpal




                  BACK
Palm
       Palmer




                 BACK
Finger
         Digital




                    BACK
Ankle
        Tarsal




                  BACK
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Introduction powerpoint

  • 1. Introduction • Click on the question marks to reveal the answer. Marchelle • Click BACK to go to the Courtney list of words Nicole • Click NEXT to go to the Madison next topic
  • 2. Structure and Function (1) p.16 Anatomy ????? Physiology ????? NEXT
  • 3. Anatomy the study of the body's structures of living organisms BACK
  • 4. Physiology the study of the functions of each structure BACK
  • 5. Life Characteristics(1) & (Pg. 5-6) Responsiveness ????? Conductivity ????? Growth ????? Respiration ????? Digestion ????? Absorption ????? Secretion ????? Excretion ????? Circulation ????? Reproduction ????? NEXT
  • 6. Responsiveness Permits an organism to sense, monitor, and respond to change in its environment. BACK
  • 7. Conductivity Permits an organism to sense, monitor, and respond to change in its environment. BACK
  • 8. Growth Normal increase in size or number of cells BACK
  • 9. Respiration Process that results in absorption, transport, utilization, or exchange or respiratory gases between an organism and its environment BACK
  • 10. Digestion Process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler substances BACK
  • 11. Absorption Process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler substances BACK
  • 12. Secretion Production and delivery of specialized substances for diverse body functions BACK
  • 13. Excretion Removal of waste products produced during body functions BACK
  • 14. Circulation Refers to the movement of body fluids BACK
  • 15. Reproduction Involves the formation of a new individual BACK
  • 16. Human Organization Cell ????? Tissue ????? Organ ????? Organ system ????? Organism ????? NEXT
  • 17. Cell  The basic unit of structure and function in living things  May serve a specific function within the organism  Examples: blood cells, nervous cells, bone cells, etc. BACK
  • 18. Tissue  Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to preform a specific activity  Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.  Examples: blood, nerves, bone, etc. BACK
  • 19. Organ  Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity  Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc. BACK
  • 20. Organ System  Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism  The human body has 11 organ systems: circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretor y, BACK
  • 21. Organism  Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.  Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.  Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human BACK
  • 22. Homeostasis (5) Homeostasis ????? Endocrine System ????? Positive Feedback ????? Negative Feedback ????? NEXT
  • 23. Homeostasis astate of balance inside the body, where the body systems work together to keep it functioning normally BACK
  • 24. Endocrine System  Keeps the internal balance act going by releasing chemicals called hormones.  The release of the hormones is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms BACK
  • 25. Anatomical Planes (4) Directional planes- describe the locations of structures relation to other structures or locations in the body Anterior ????? Posterior ????? Distal ????? Proximal ????? Dorsal ????? Ventral ????? Superior ????? Inferior ????? Lateral ????? medial ????? NEXT
  • 26. Anterior Toward the front of the body Example: The nose is on the anterior of the head BACK
  • 27. Posterior Toward the back (rear) Example: The heel is posterior to the head BACK
  • 28. Distal Away from the trunk or point of attachment Example: The hand is distal to the elbow. BACK
  • 29. Proximal Toward an internal organ; away from the outer wall (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage) Example: The joint is proximal to the toenail. BACK
  • 30. Dorsal Along (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body Example: Her scar is along the dorsal surface BACK
  • 31. Ventral  Along(toward) the belly surface of the body Example: The navel is on the ventral surface. BACK
  • 32. Superior Towardthe top of the body Example: The shoulders are superior to the hips BACK
  • 33. Inferior Toward the bottom of the body Example: The stomach is inferior to the heart BACK
  • 34. Lateral Toward the side; away from the midsagittal plane Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose. BACK
  • 35. Medial Toward the midsagittal plane; away from the side Example: The eyes are medial to the ears. BACK
  • 36. Anatomical Planes (4) Body planes- a person standing in an upright position then dissecting this person with vertical and horizontal planes Lateral or Sagittal Plane ????? Parasagittal Plane ????? Midsagittal Plane ????? Frontal or Coronal Plane ????? Transverse Plane ????? NEXT
  • 37. Lateral or Sagittal Plane  Imagine a vertical plane that runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions BACK
  • 38. Parasagittal Plane Sagittalplane that divides the body into unequal right and left regions BACK
  • 39. Midsagittal Plane  Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left regions. BACK
  • 40. Frontal or Coronal Plane  Imagine a vertical plane that runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions BACK
  • 41. Transverse Plane  Imagine a horizontal plane that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) regions BACK
  • 42. Directional terms (1) & (Pg. 14-16) Caudal ????? Cephalad ????? Visceral ????? Parietal ????? Deep ????? Superficial ????? Medullary ????? Cortical ????? Ipsilateral ????? Contralateral ????? NEXT
  • 43. Caudal Toward the tail Example: The neck is caudal to the skull. BACK
  • 44. Cephalad Toward the head Example: The neck is cephalad to the tail BACK
  • 45. Visceral Toward an internal organ; away from the outer wall (describes positions inside a body cavity) Example: This organ is covered with the visceral layer of the membrane BACK
  • 46. Parietal Toward the wall; away from internal structures Example: The abdominal cavity is lined with the parietal peritoneal membrane. BACK
  • 47. Deep Toward the inside of a part; away from the surface Example: The thigh muscles are deep to the skin. BACK
  • 48. Superficial Toward the surface of a part; away from the inside Example: The skin is a superficial organ. BACK
  • 49. Medullary Refersto an inner region, or medulla Example: The medullary portion of the organ contains nerve tissue. BACK
  • 50. Cortical Refers to an outer region or cortex. Example: The cortical area produces hormones. BACK
  • 51. Ipsilateral On the same side (of the body) as Example: The left knee is ipsilateral to the left ankle. BACK
  • 52. Contralateral On the opposite side of the body Example: The left knee is contralateral to the right knee. BACK
  • 53. Body Organization (2) Ear ????? Nose ????? Mouth ????? Neck ????? Point of shoulder ????? Armpit ????? Breast ????? Arm ????? Back of elbow ????? Front of elbow ????? NEXT
  • 54. Body Organization cont… (2) Stomach ????? Reproductive organs ????? Wrist ????? Palm ????? Finger ????? Ankle ????? NEXT
  • 55. Ear Otic BACK
  • 56. Nose Nasal BACK
  • 57. Mouth Oral BACK
  • 58. Neck Cervical BACK
  • 59. Point of shoulder Acromial BACK
  • 60. Armpit Axillary BACK
  • 61. Breast Mammary BACK
  • 62. Arm Brachial BACK
  • 63. Back of Elbow Antecubital BACK
  • 64. Front of elbow Antebrachial BACK
  • 65. Stomach Abdominal BACK
  • 66. Reproductive Organs Genital BACK
  • 67. Wrist Carpal BACK
  • 68. Palm Palmer BACK
  • 69. Finger Digital BACK
  • 70. Ankle Tarsal BACK