A presentation about both digital and film photography, which describes the history of photography, the parts of a camera, the film and print developing process, and the benefits of digital photography. There are also examples of different cameras throughout history and different kinds of photography.

1. Film and Digital
Photography

2. The History of Photography
1826: First permanent image created by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce using a camera obscura. The image takes
8 hours to expose
1839: First photo of person is taken by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, who photographs a Paris street.
He uses a camera obscura and a printing process he invented called the daguerreotype process, which
creates a very detailed picture on a sheet of copper coated with a thin layer of silver without using a
negative. The exposure takes several minutes.
1847: First photos of war are taken by Charles J. Betts during the Mexican-American War. He also uses
the daguerreotype process.
1847: First photo of lightning is taken by Thomas Easterly using the daguerreotype process. He also
makes pictures of landscapes.
1861: First colour photo is produced by James Clerk Maxwell by superimposing three black-and-white
images that were passed through a green, a red and a blue filter. This proves the three-colour method,
which was only a theory until then.
1878: First action photos are taken by Eadweard Muybridge of a galloping horse, using new emulsions
that allowed almost instantaneous photography.
1940s: First high-speed photos are taken by Dr. Harold Edgerton working with National Geographic to
freeze rapid movements that are too fast for the eye on film.
1949-'56: First survey of the night sky is done by National Geographic and the California Institute of
Techonology. The seven-year-long project produces the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, the first
photographic map of the night sky in the Northern Hemisphere.
1991: First digital still camera is released by Kodak. It is targeted at professional photographers
and is extremely expensive.

3. Use of Film vs. Digital
Cameras
Film Digital

4. Parts of a Film Camera Camera Body - houses all the mechanical parts of
Shutter Release Button - opens the
shutter to allow light to hit the film the camera
Film Advance Lever - used to advance to Film Cavity - stores the film inside the camera
the next frame on a roll of film
Shutter Curtains - open to expose the film
Shutter Speed Dial - sets the amount of
time the shutter will remain open Viewfinder - used to see what image will be
captured on the film
Accessory Shoe - used to attach a flash
Film Sprockets - guides and holds the film
Film Rewind Knob - returns all the
exposed film to the casing once the end Film Take-Up Spool - the exposed film rolls on
of the roll has been reached to the take-up spool
ISO/ASA Index Indicator - used to set the Pressure Plate - keeps the film flat so it will
film speed not warp or be improperly exposed
Self Timer Button - used to delay the Camera Back - has a light-tight seal to protect
response of the shutter release the film

5. How to Develop
Film and Prints
Developing Film Developing Prints
1. Either in a dark room or with your hands in a 1. Insert the film into an enlarger, to make the
light tight container, remove the film from the image appear the desired size. Make sure it is in
casing and thread it onto a film reel. Place the focus, and set the aperture (strength of the light).
film reel into a film tank, and make sure the lid is Turn off the enlarger light, and place the photo
on securely. paper underneath. Turn the enlarger light back on and
expose the photo paper for the desired period of
2. Now you can take the film tank out of the dark
time.
room or light tight container. Pour the developer
chemical, which will make the images show up on the 2. Place the photo paper into the developer and
film, into the film tank and agitate the tank to make agitate the chemical. You will be able to see the
sure the whole reel of film is covered. Leave the image forming. Once the image has become dark enough,
developer in for approximately 5-10 minutes, remove the film paper from the developer.
depending on the brand’s instructions.
3. Place the photo paper in the stop bath for about 2
3. Pour the developer down the drain, and pour in the
minutes, agitating the chemical when you first put the
stop bath. This will stop the film from developing
photo paper in. This will stop the picture from
further. Leave this in for approximately 30 seconds.
getting any darker.
4. Place the photo paper in the fixer for approximately
4. Pour the stop bath back into the bottle (it can be
5 minutes, again agitating the chemical when you first
reused) and pour in the fixer. The fixer keeps the
put the paper in. This will keep the image from
image on the film from disappearing when exposed to
disappearing once the paper is exposed to light.
light. Leave this in for approximately 5-10 minutes.
5. Place the photo paper in cool, running water for
5. Pour the fixer back into the bottle (it can be about 5-10 minutes to rinse the chemicals off.
reused) and leave the film tank under cool, running
water for about 20 minutes to rinse all the chemicals 6. Hang the photo paper up to dry. Once it is dry the
off the film. Now your film is developed and can be process is complete.
taken out of the film tank.
6. Hang the film up to dry. Once it is dry it can be
trimmed and placed in a film sleeve.

6. Digital Photography
There are several reasons to choose digital photography over film photography:
Time - if you’re sharing your photographs online, it is quicker and easier to use
digital pictures than scanning film pictures
Cost - even if your pictures don’t turn out the way you want them to, with film
photography there is still the cost of film and printing. With digital photography
you can preview pictures before printing and there is no film to buy.
Learning - since you can see the pictures right away and there is no cost of film
or printing involved you can change settings and learn about using the camera with
ease.
No Need To Change Film - memory cards can hold thousands of pictures, and the ISO
(film speed) setting can be changed without having to change the film or memory
card.
Instant Gratification - you can see the pictures instantly, and can retake them if
you don’t like them.
Size - digital cameras vary widely in size, and are often smaller and lighter than
film cameras with the same features.
Ease of Manipulation - digital images are easy to manipulate using computer
programs, allowing desired effects to be achieved.

7. Which Format Produces Higher-
Quality Prints?
Percentage of
People Surveyed

8. Cameras Throughout History
Cinematographe, 1895
Voigtlander Range
(First Motion Picture
Finder Camera, 1932
Camera)
Zorki 4, 1956-1973
Canon EOS 500N Fujifilm Finepix Z5
(Film SLR Camera), Digital Camera,
1996 2007

9. Examples of Different Types of
Photography
Landscapes Forensic Photography
Advertising
Don Valley Brickworks, Toronto
Portraits
Salar De Uyuni

10. Information References
Photography.com Film vs. Digital Statistics http://www.photography.com/topics/film-vs-digital-
statistics/
Daguerreotype Photographs: The Daguerreotype http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/daghtml/dagdag.html
History of Photography, Photography Time Line, Photos - National Geographic http://
photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photographers/photography-timeline.html
Parts of a Camera http://library.thinkquest.org/11355/html/partsofcamera1.htm
Digital Photography http://www.cs.duke.edu/~parr/photography/faq.html#digital
Cameras Throughout History
Voigtlander http://www.cosmonet.org/camera/prom_e.htm
Zorki-4 http://www.rus-camera.com/camera.php?page=zorki&camera=zorki4
Cinematographe http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmotionpictures.htm
Canon SLR http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/hardwares/classics/eos/eoscamera/
EOS500nRebelGKiss2/index.htm
Fujifilm Finepix http://www.fujifilm.co.uk/digital/cameras/z5/
Pictures
Parts of a Camera
http://library.thinkquest.org/11355/media/camera.jpg
http://library.thinkquest.org/11355/media/camera1.jpg
Darkroom http://www.photoopportunity.co.uk/jpegs/darkroom.jpg
Film http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/sci_matter/image_sci_matter051.jpg
Film Tanks and Reels http://www.bmuschool.org/student_pages/ToddP/Photography/Images/filmtank.jpg
Digital Cameras
Casio http://www.digitalcamerasegment.com/images/Digital%20Camera%201.jpg
Nikon http://www.digitalcamerasegment.com/images/Digital%20Camera%202.jpg
Landscapes
Salar de Uyuni http://media.koreus.com/200803/photo-salar-de-uyuni.jpg
Brickworks http://www.watchthisspace.ca/pixelpost/index.php?showimage=416
Forensic Photography http://www.forensicpf.com/media/rs-images/watch-guides.jpg
Ikea Advertisment http://bp0.blogger.com/_NpINLHeo8rM/SG5EyUXHB3I/AAAAAAAAYIY/tv0swu-jpOM/s1600-h/1.jpg