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COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
Lecture Topics : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE NATURE OF ECOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3-2
ECOLOGY DEFINITIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Species interactions ,[object Object]
Amensalism- wild boars will destroy large portions of vegetation looking for insects.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commensalism- the clown fish receives protection form the anemone. The anemone is unaffected. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Predation ,[object Object]
Predation drives adaptations in prey Cryptic coloration : Camouflage to hide from predators Warning coloration : Bright colors warn that prey is toxic Mimicry : Fool predators (here, caterpillar mimics snake)
Predator – prey cycles ,[object Object]
Parasitism ,[object Object]
Herbivory ,[object Object]
Mutualism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Species interactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interspecific competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interspecific competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resource partitioning ,[object Object]
Keystone species ,[object Object],[object Object],A “keystone” holds an arch together.
Keystone species ,[object Object]
Indicator Species:  Biological Smoke Alarms ,[object Object],[object Object]
Invasive Species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Central Case: Black and White, and Spread All Over: Zebra Mussels Invade the Great Lakes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Steps taken in attempt to control the zebra mussels: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles in communities ,[object Object]
TROPHIC LEVELS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relationship Between Biomass and Energy ,[object Object],[object Object]
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID ,[object Object],Grass,  flowers Rabbits, mice Snakes Owls
[object Object],[object Object]
Consumers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food chains and webs ,[object Object],[object Object],We can represent feeding interactions (and thus energy transfer) in a community:
Food web for an eastern deciduous forest
Factors That Limit Population Growth ,[object Object],Figure 3-11
Fig. 3-11, p. 58 Zone of  intolerance Optimum range Zone of  physiological stress Zone of  physiological stress Zone of  intolerance Temperature Low High No organisms Few organisms Upper limit of tolerance Population size Abundance of organisms Few  organisms No organisms Lower limit of tolerance
A:  Represents the biotic potential of the species B:  Shows how the population overshoots the carrying capacity C:  Represents the logistic growth D:  Represents linear growth E:  Carrying capacity- the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem.
Carrying Capacity ,[object Object]
Succession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary terrestrial succession
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Primary aquatic succession
Pioneer Communities ,[object Object]
Climax Community ,[object Object],[object Object]
Biomes ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Temperate deciduous forest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Temperate grassland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Temperate rainforest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tropical rainforest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tropical dry forest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Savanna ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Desert ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tundra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Boreal forest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chaparral ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Altitude creates patterns ,[object Object]
HUMAN IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL BIOMES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Restoring altered landscapes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Habitat Restoration ,[object Object],                                                                                                                                                                              
Prairie restoration in Wisconsin ,[object Object]
Reclamation ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Ecology1

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Predation drives adaptations in prey Cryptic coloration : Camouflage to hide from predators Warning coloration : Bright colors warn that prey is toxic Mimicry : Fool predators (here, caterpillar mimics snake)
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.  
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. Food web for an eastern deciduous forest
  • 34.
  • 35. Fig. 3-11, p. 58 Zone of intolerance Optimum range Zone of physiological stress Zone of physiological stress Zone of intolerance Temperature Low High No organisms Few organisms Upper limit of tolerance Population size Abundance of organisms Few organisms No organisms Lower limit of tolerance
  • 36. A: Represents the biotic potential of the species B: Shows how the population overshoots the carrying capacity C: Represents the logistic growth D: Represents linear growth E: Carrying capacity- the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.  
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Figure 3.11 Natural capital: range of tolerance for a population of organisms, such as fish, to an abiotic environmental factor—in this case, temperature. These restrictions keep particular species from taking over an ecosystem by keeping their population size in check.