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Traumatic brain injury
1. Definition: (As stated under IDEA) âan acquired injury to the brain caused by an
external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or
psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a childâs educational
performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in
impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory;
attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem -solving;
sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psycho -social behavior; physical
functions; information processing; and speech. The term does not apply to brain
injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth
trauma.â
2. â˘TBI (traumatic brain injury) is used for head injuries that can cause changes to one
or more major areas that may affect a great number of different functions such as:
o Talking
o Behaving
o Walking
o Seeing/hearing
o Learning
o Remembering things
o Paying attention
o Solving problems
o Reasoning and thinking
o Understanding words
o Analyzing
3. Injuries on the left side Injuries on the right side
ď Injuries of the left side of the ď Visual-spatial impairment
brain can cause: ď Visual memory deficits
ď Difficulties in understanding
language (receptive language) ď Inattention to the left side of
the body
ď Difficulties in speaking or verbal
output (expressive language) ď Decreased awareness of
ď Catastrophic reactions deficits
(depression, anxiety) ď Altered creativity and music
ď Verbal memory deficits perception
ď Impaired logic ď Loss of âthe big pictureâ type
ď Sequencing difficulties of thinking
ď Decreased control over right- ď Decreased control over left-
sided body movements sided body movements
4. ď When injuries are scattered throughout both sides of
the brain
ď This type of TBI may lead to:
ď Confusion
ď Reduced thinking speed
ď Fatigue
ď Reduced concentration and attention
ď Impaired cognitive (thinking) skills in general
5. ď TBI is usually the result of some sort of accident
ď The Center for Disease Control estimates the causes for
TBI as follows
ď Falls (35.2%)
ď Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (17.3%)
ď Being struck by/against events (16.5%)
ď Assaults (10%)
When a TBI occurs, a person can change in a matter of seconds.
It is important to remember that
⢠No two brain injuries are the same
⢠Effects of a brain injury depend on factors such as
location, cause and severity
⢠A person with a brain injury is a person first