Brief presentation on the end of the Civil War and major battles involved. For use with the Americans, Section 11.4.

1. Section 11.4

2.  April 30-May 6 1863
 Confederate army pushes back Union
forces despite Northern advantage
 After losing his arm, Stonewall Jackson
will succumb to injuries from friendly
fire
 The Confederacy gained a victory
against top Union commanders
 The Confederacy lost the very talented
Stonewall Jackson

3. 1. What did the Confederacy win at Chancellorsville
What did it lose?
 The Confederacy gained a victory against top Union
commanders
 The Confederacy lost the very talented Stonewall
Jackson

4. First day of Gettysburg
 Confederate soldiers headed to Gettysburg because they
were barefoot and hear they could find footwear there
and General Lee
 on the way Union soldiers engaged them, both sides
send in reinforcements
 http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-
gettysburg/videos#battle-at-chancellorsville

5. Second day of Gettysburg
 Confederate Lee ordered
an attack on Cemetery
Ridge
 Confederate forces
overran Little Round
Top (area that
overlooked the southern
portion of the
battlefield) but Union
forces were quick to
defend it

6. Third day of Gettysburg
 Both armies fired on
each other for two hours
 when the artillery went
silent Confederate Lee
ordered his troops to
press forward through
the middle
 as they did the North
started with artillery fire
again and Lee had to
retreat

7. Result
 Considered the turning point in the war and southern
forces hurt to the point they would not be able to invade
a northern state
 Lee retreated and gave up hope taking the North
 Great losses – 23,000 Union losses; 28,000 Confederate
losses
 http://video.pbs.org/video/1832543409/

8. 2. Why is Gettysburg considered to be a turning point in
the war?
 It crippled the South so badly that it would never recover
from the loss;
 shattered Southern morale

9.  Spring 1863, Grant sent soldiers to destroy rail lines in
central Mississippi to distract Confederate army so he
could land in the port city of Vicksburg
 Two initial assaults failed on Vicksburg so Grant
settled in for a siege that lasted several days on shelling
the city where residents ran out of food and had to eat
dogs and mules
 Confederate army
surrendered on July 4
 This defeat cut the
Confederacy into two parts

10.  Attack was timed to coincide with Grant’s attack at
Vicksburg
 After initial failure, General Banks laid siege to Port
Hudson for 48 days
 Upon hearing of the fall of Vicksburg, the
Confederates surrender at Port Hudson

11. 3. What did the Union accomplish by capturing
Vicksburg and Port Hudson?
 The Confederacy was cut in two
 Union secures control of the Mississippi River

12.  Lincoln’s famous two-minute
speech to dedicate the first
national cemetery in
Gettysburg
 Talked of the founding
principles of the country and
the start of a new human
equality
 gave the North a united
purpose in the war – to
preserve the Union, a single
nation, not just a collection of
states (#4)

13.  Gettysburg and Vicksburg limited the South’s fighting
power
 the South hoped to call for an armistice rather than a
surrender but Lincoln had two generals that would
fight (Grant and Sherman)

14. Confederate morale was low
 resolutions that aimed at producing more food for
soldiers and less cash crops
 letters from home talked about the lack of food and
shortage of hands for farming
 soldiers deserted to the Union
 discord in the Confederacy government where members
of congress did not get along, states did not get along
 peace movements were going on in several states

15.  Lincoln placed Grant as the Commander of all Union
forces
 Grant appointed William Tecumseh Sherman in
charge of the military in Mississippi; he and Sherman
both agreed there needed to be a total war
 Grant moved rapidly to immobilize
Lee’s army in Virginia loosing many
men but knowing he could replace
them and Lee could not; it earned
him the nickname the “butcher”
 “War of Attrition”

16. What was Grant’s overall strategy for defeating Lee’s army?
What tactics did he use?
 Strategy: to destroy Lee’s army in Virginia while Sherman
raided Georgia
 Tactics: attack constantly; engage in total war (against
civilians, as well as the military)

17.  Sherman raided Georgia burning rail lines, fields, animals
as he marched north to help Grant with Lee
 as he marched North he continued
burning land/houses until he
reached North Carolina

18. 6. What was Sherman’s goal in his march to the sea?
What tactics did he use to accomplish that goal?
 Goal: to destroy the will of Southerners to fight
 Tactics: engage in total war; destroy civilian property;
live off the land

19.  Democrats nominated George
McClellan as they wanted an armistice
 Republicans nominated Lincoln who
wanted to readmit Confederate states
back into the union and changed their
party name to the National Union
Party to try and attract Democrats
 Radical Republicans splintered and
named John C. Fremont as their
candidate with a harsher proposal
than readmittance

20.  It did not look like Lincoln would win the election but the
union forces would take Atlanta and Fremont would drop
from the race
 Lincoln would win the race as victories helped the North
and absentee ballots cast by Union soldiers helped him

21.  Lee and Grant met on April 9, 1865
in a Virginia village called
Appomattox Court House where
Lincoln’s terms were generous
7. What were the North’s terms of surrender? Why were they
so generous to the South?
 Terms: Lee’s soldiers paroled and sent home with their
personal possessions, horses, and food rations; officers
permitted to keep their sidearms
 Reason: Lincoln didn’t want a vindictive peace.