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Multimedia M.Baobeid-2011

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Multimedia ec M.Baobeid-2011

(1)`$1
APPENDIX(1)
/ &'( c . D1 pB

Overview of Multimedia Software Tools
The categories of software tools briefly examined here are:
1. Music Sequencing and Notation
2. Digital Audio
3. Graphics and Image Editing
4. Video Editing
5. Animation
6. Multimedia Authoring

1- Music Sequencing and Notation
? $ && % j* % B _ UBE c .
1- Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio.
- The term sequencer comes from older devices that stored sequences of notes
("events", in MIDI).
- It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows MCI commands (for
animation and video) into music tracks (MCI is a ubiquitous component of the
Windows API.)
2- Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with capabilities similar to those of
Cakewalk. It includes some digital audio editing tools.
3- Macromedia Soundedit: mature program for creating audio for multimedia
projects and the web that integrates well with other Macromedia products such as
Flash and Director.

2- Digital Audio
? $ & m % : c .
_ Digital Audio tools deal with accessing and editing the actual sampled sounds that
make up audio:
- Cool Edit: a very powerful and popular digital audio toolkit; emulates a
professional audio studio –multitrack productions and sound file editing
including digital signal processing effects.
- Sound Forge: a sophisticated PC-based program for editing audio WAV files.
- Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production and editing environment -
MIDI creation and manipulation; powerful audio mixing, recording, and
editing software.

3- Graphics and Image Editing
4 $ < _ UBE c .
1- Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool from Adobe. Uses vector graphics;
graphics can be exported to Web.
2- Adobe Photoshop: the standard in a graphics, image processing and manipulation
tool.
- Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can be separately manipulated
for maximum exibility.
- Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated lighting-effects filters.

Multimedia e€ M.Baobeid-2011

3- Macromedia Fireworks: software for making graphics specifically for the web.
4- Macromedia Freehand: a text and web graphics editing tool that supports many
bitmap formats such as GIF, PNG, and JPEG.
4- Video Editing
& <X0 $ c .
1- Adobe Premiere: an intuitive, simple video editing tool for nonlinear editing, i.e.,
putting video clips into any order:
- Video and audio are arranged in "tracks".
- Provides a large number of video and audio tracks, super impositions and
virtual clips.
- A large library of built-in transitions, filters and motions for clips ( effective
multimedia productions with little effort).
2- Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing tool that enables users to add and
change existing movies. Can add many effects: lighting, shadows, motion blurring;
layers.
3- Final Cut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple; Macintosh only.

5- Animation
y $ ; $ < c .
_ Multimedia APIs:
- Java3D: API used by Java to construct and render 3D graphics, similar to the
way in which the Java Media Framework is used for handling media files.
o Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube, splines, etc.) for
building scenes.
o It is an abstraction layer built on top of OpenGL or DirectX (the user
can select which).
- DirectX : Windows API that supports video, images, audio and 3-D animation
- OpenGL: the highly portable, most popular 3-D API.
_ Rendering Tools:
- 3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a number of very high-end
professional tools for character animation, game development, and visual
effects production.
- Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation, and rendering package used
for animation and special effects in films and games.
- Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it is a complete modeling
package.
- RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar.
- GIF Animation Packages: a simpler approach to animation, allows very
quick development of effective small animations for the web.

6-Multimedia Authoring
& - _ UBE c .
- Macromedia Flash: allows users to create interactive movies by using the
score metaphor, i.e., a timeline arranged in parallel event sequences.
- Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to create interactive
presentations - very powerful and includes a built in scripting language,
Lingo, that allows creation of complex interactive movies.
- Author ware: a mature, well-supported authoring product based on the
Iconic/Flow-control metaphor.

Multimedia •d M.Baobeid-2011

- Quest: similar to Author ware in many ways, uses a type of flowcharting
metaphor. However, the flowchart nodes can encapsulate information in a
more abstract way (called frames) than simply subroutine levels.
- MLOAT (Multimedia Learning Object Authoring Tools).
- Courselab , eXe – learning , atutor , CALI , Yauthor , Myicourse ,LCDS ,


(2)`$1
APPENDIX(2)
z4
History of Multimedia:

1. Newspaper: perhaps the first mass communication medium, uses text, graphics,
and images.
2. Motion pictures: conceived of in 1830's in order to observe motion too rapid for
perception by the human eye.
3. Wireless radio transmission: Guglielmo Marconi, at Pontecchio, Italy, in 1895.
4. Television: the new medium for the 20th century, established video as a commonly
available medium and has since changed the world of mass communications.
5. The connection between computers and ideas about multimedia covers what is
actually only a short period:
1. 1945 - Vannevar Bush wrote a landmark article describing what amounts
to a hypermedia system called Memex.
2. 1960 - Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext.
3. 1967 - Nicholas Negroponte formed the Architecture Machine Group.
4. 1968 - Douglas Engelbart demonstrated the On-Line System (NLS),
another very early hypertext program.
5. 1969 - Nelson and van Dam at Brown University created an early
hypertext editor called FRESS.
6. 1976 - The MIT Architecture Machine Group proposed a project entitled
Multiple Media - resulted in the Aspen Movie Map, the first hypermedia
videodisk, in 1978.
7. 1985 - Negroponte and Wiesner co-founded the MIT Media Lab.
8. 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web
9. 1990 - Kristina Hooper Woolsey headed the Apple Multimedia Lab.
10. 1991 - MPEG-1 was approved as an international standard for digital
video- led to the newer standards, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and further
MPEGs in the 1990s.
11. 1991 - The introduction of PDAs in 1991 began a new period in the use of
computers in multimedia.
12. 1992 - JPEG was accepted as the international standard for digital image
compression - led to the new JPEG2000 standard.
13. 1992 - The first MBone audio multicast on the Net was made.
14. 1993 - The University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing
Applications produced NCSA Mosaic- the first full-edged browser.
15. 1994 - Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen created the Netscape program.
16. 1995 - The JAVA language was created for platform-independent
application development.
17. 1996 - DVD video was introduced; high quality full-length movies were
distributed on a single disk.
18. 1998 - XML 1.0 was announced as a W3C Recommendation.
19. 1998 - Hand-held MP3 devices first made inroads into consumerist tastes
in the fall of 1998, with the introduction of devices holding 32MB of cash
memory.
20. 2000 - WWW size was estimated at over 1 billion pages.


(3)`$1
APPENDIX(3)
% 1 % &=* %4 YG { . | ,

GLOSSARY

1- AUDIO FILES :
AAC
Also called MPEG-4 AAC, this audio codec is the continuation of the MP3 codec
created by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Due to advances in the technology, AAC files
encoded at a 96 kbps bit rate sound slightly better than MP3s encoded at 128 kbps.

AC3
Audio Codec 3. This was the original and more technical name for Dolby Digital.
Some RF modulated, 5.1-encoded laser discs were labeled as AC3.

AMR
Adaptive Multi Rate is a high¨Cdata rate service and transmission principle for 3G
cell phones and networks.

RM
RealMedia is a digital sound and video file format that is the registered trademark of
RealNetworks. This format is typically used to stream media through the net. It can be
played with the RealOne player or with other media players using the Real
Alternative codec.

WAV
A digitized sound file format for Microsoft Windows, which has ".wav" as the file
name extension. Most pre-mastering software ill extract CD (CD-audio) tracks and
write them to the hard disk as a Wav file. Wav files can have various qualities of
sound depending on how they are created or saved, but the most common is 44,100
Hz, 16 bit, stereo (equivalent to audio track on CD).

2- ANIMATION FILES:
SWF
The SWF graphic file format is a version of the Macromedia Flash Player vector-
based graphics format introduced in 1997. The SWF file format is ideal for presenting
vector-based interactive and animated graphics with sound for the Web.

FLV
Flash Video File introduced by Macromedia , it is a video file based on Flash which is
a vector based graphics . Very widely used nowadays in internet as a streaming video
, and can be played with Macromedia Flash video player .

Multimedia •e M.Baobeid-2011

3- VIDEO FILES :

ASF
Advanced Streaming Format (formerly Active Streaming Format). A Microsoft file
and data stream format for multimedia data including audio, video, still images, and
other data types. Also referred to as Windows Media format.

AVI
AVI is short for "Audio Video Interleave", the original Microsoft file format for
Microsoft's Video for Windows standard. It is an audio video standard designed by
Microsoft and is apparently proprietary and Microsoft Windows specific. It is a
format developed for storing video and audio information. Files in this format have an
.AVI extension. However, Video for Windows does not require any special hardware,
making it the lowest common denominator for multimedia applications.
Video Compact Disc (VCD) is a special version of a CD-ROM that uses the MPEG-1
format. The quality of the exported movie is almost the same, but usually better than
VHS tape-based movies. A VCD can be played back on a CD-ROM drive, VCD
player, and even on a DVD player.

DIVX , XVID
DivX is the name given to a video codec (a piece of software used for encoding and
decoding video) and is based on the MPEG-4 compression format. MPEG-4 is a new
standard of video compression that is both high quality and low bit rate. They are
usually only a fraction (around 15%) of the size of a standard DVD, even at 640x480
resolutions, making them the best home video format thus far. They only take half the
time to encode, and yet at the same time are smaller in size than MPEG-1 - due to the
incredible compression technology - some have even called MPEG-4 the "MP3 of the
video world". Quality ranges from net-streaming quality to DVD and better.

Multimedia •• M.Baobeid-2011

3GP
3gp is a file format which is used in mobile phones to store media (audio/video). This
file format is a simpler version of "ISO 14496-1 Media Format". MOV (used by
QuickTime) is also a format which follows similar file format. This format can only
carry video encoded as MPEG-4 or H.263. Audio is stored in AMR-NB or AAC-LC
formats.

WMV
Windows Media Video (WMV) is a generic name for the set of proprietary streaming
video technologies developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows Media
framework

MOV
A QuickTime movie can actually be used to store both movies and sounds. A file with
this extension could thus be either an audio file or a movie file. Both types are
supported by many different platforms. Note though that there are several different
versions of QuickTime files in use, and not all players will play all versions.

YUV
YUV is the color space used in the PAL system of television broadcasting which is
the standard in most of Europe and some other places. Y stands for the luminance
component (the brightness) and U and V are the chrominance (color) components.
The YCbCr or YPbPr color space, used in computer component video, is derived
from it (Cb/Pb and Cr/Pr are simply scaled versions of U and V), and is sometimes
inaccurately called "YUV".

MPEG
Gives excellent compression with little loss in quality of the video. MPEG support
three types of data - video, audio and streaming. There are a number of standards:
among them there are two flavors of MPEG available today.

MPEG-1
MPEG-1 was designed to provide VHS video quality and CD audio quality at a
combined data rate of 150 kilobytes per second. MPEG-1 is displayed at 30 frames
per second in a frame that is 352x240 (horizontal x vertical) pixels in size. This allows
relatively high quality video images to be stored in relatively small file sizes for
playback across computer networks or CD-ROM delivery.

MPEG-2
MPEG-2 is the other side of the compression coin. It is a broadcast standard
specifying a playback size of 720 x 480 pixels at 60 fields per second. Data rates can
range from 2 to 10 megabits per second. This means large file sizes and data rates that
require specialized hardware for playback. MPEG-2 is one of the core compression
technologies for DVD. See the MPEG site for more information.

Multimedia •k M.Baobeid-2011

SVCD
SVCD is Super Video CD, a great method to save DVD movie to CD without losing
much quality. SVCD discs can be played in your DVD player.

VOB
A data file used in the DVD Video format to deliver video, audio, and graphics

DVD specification SVCD specification VCD specification
NTSC: NTSC: NTSC:
Horzontal width: 720 Horzontal width: 480 Horzontal width: 352
Vertical height: 480 Vertical height: 480 Vertical height: 240
Frames per second: Frames per second: Frames per second:
29.97 29.97 29.97
Colour depth: 24 or 32 Colour depth: 24 or 32 Colour depth: 24 or 32
bits bits bits

PAL: PAL: PAL:
Horzontal width: 720 Horzontal width: 480 Horzontal width: 352
Vertical height: 576 Vertical height: 576 Vertical height: 288
Frames per second: Frames per second: Frames per second:
25 25 25
Colour depth: 24 or 32 Colour depth: 24 or 32 Colour depth: 24 or 32
bits bits bits

.

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