What is statistics? How it helps us in research? (Lecture slides mostly in Bahasa Indonesia)

1. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR
SEKSI E
SEMESTER GASAL 2016/2017
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI / PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI
Introduction to
Statistics
KULIAH II – 15 AGUSTUS 2016

2. Menguasai teknik-teknik statistika deskriptif dan statistika inferensial,
secara khusus terkait dengan:
• Berbagai istilah/terminologi statistik, pengukuran, dan penelitian,
serta berbagai notasi dasar analisis statistik yang akan
digunakan seterusnya dalam MK Statistik Dasar maupun MK lain;
• Relevansi logika dan perhitungan statistik dalam proses penelitian
secara umum.
One-Day Objectives

3. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 3
KARAKTERISTIK
PACAR IDEAL
(LAKI-LAKI)
KARAKTERISTIK
PACAR IDEAL
(PEREMPUAN)
JUMLAH
(MANTAN) PACAR
USIA SAAT
PACARAN
PERTAMA KALI
STATISTICS

4. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
What is Statistics?
4
used to organize and summarize
the information;
Statistics Serve General Purposes
help to answer the questions
that initiated the research
by determining exactly what general
conclusions are justified based
on the specific results
that were obtained.
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5) ICON SOURCES: Office Folders by Stanislav Levin,
QA by Annie Lin; from the Noun Project

5. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 5
The term statistics refers to
a set of mathematical procedures
for organizing, summarizing,
and interpreting information.
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5)

6. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
6
THE POPULATION THE SAMPLE
the set of all the individuals of
interest in a particular study
a set of individuals selected
from a population, usually
intended to represent the
population in a research study
The sample is selected
from the population
The results from the
sample are generalized
to the population
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5-6) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch,
Team by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project

7. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
7
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
pada Mahasiswa FP UAJ
Rata-rata = 9 th
Semua laki-laki
POPULATION
SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2)
Rata-rata = 13 th
3 Laki-laki, 2 Perempuan
ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project

8. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
8
SAMPLING
ERROR
SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2)
ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
POPULATION

9. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
9
POPULATION
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
PARAMETER
STATISTICS
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project

10. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
10
SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS

11. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
11
POPULATION
SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
INFERENTIAL
STATISTICS

12. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
12
& STATISTICS
PROPORTION/
PERCENTAGE
CORRELATIONAL
METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL &
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD
Comparing two (or more)
groups of scores
Describe individual variables
as they exist naturally
Measuring two variables
for each individual
EXAMPLE
Independent Variable:
Genre Musik
Dependent Variable:
Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar
EXAMPLE
Variabel:
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
EXAMPLE
Variabel 1:
Jumlah Pacar
Variabel 2:
Time-Management Skills
INDIVIDUAL
VARIABLE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VARIABLES
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın, Link by Joris Hoogendoorn,
Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project

13. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
13
describe individual variables as they exist naturally
& STATISTICS
PROPORTION/PERCENTAGE
Variabel:
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın; from the Noun Project
SUBJEK
USIA PACARAN
PERTAMA KALI
A 9
B 18
C 11
D 13
E 10
F 16
G 16
H 17

14. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
14
two different variables are observed to determine whether there is
a relationship between them
& STATISTICS
CORRELATIONAL METHOD
Variabel 1:
Jumlah Pacar
Variabel 2:
Time-Management Skills
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Link by Joris Hoogendoorn; from the Noun Project
SUBJEK JUMLAH
PACAR
TIME-MANAGEMENT
SKILLS
A 1 Sangat Buruk 1
B 1 Sangat Buruk 1
C 2 Sangat Buruk 1
D 1 Buruk 2
E 3 Baik 3
F 3 Baik 3
G 1 Buruk 2
H 4 Sangat Baik 4

15. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
15
to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables;
attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes
to occur in the second variable
& STATISTICS
THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project
Independent Variable:
Genre Musik
Dependent Variable:
Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Manipulation
• Control
POP JAZZ
30 80
35 75
45 90
45 85
40 90

16. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
16
to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables;
attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes
to occur in the second variable
& STATISTICS
THE NON-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project
Quasi-Independent Variable:
Status Pacaran
Dependent Variable:
Familiaritas terhadap Adegan Percintaan
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Manipulation
• Control
(+) PACAR (-) PACAR
9 4
10 3
12 3
12 4
8 0

17. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 17
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Gravetter, F.J. & Wallnau, L.B. (2012).
Statistics for the behavioral sciences (9th ed.).
Australia: WADSWORTH CENGAGE Learning.