A lecture on how to cite related literature and studies following the APA style.

1. JEFFREY A. LUCERO, DrHum, MPMG, MAEd, MAN, RN, LPT, CSE, SHNC, FRIN, FRIEdr, FIIER, FSASS
Congressional Integrated High School

2. SESSION OBJECTIVES
 Identify the different methods of citing related
literatures following a standard;
 Follow ethical standards in citing related
literatures; and
 Perform skillfully in presenting their output
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 2

3. Activity: Rewrite the following statements from direct speech
into reported speech.
 “Leave your things here,” the teacher ordered.
 “Where is your paper?” Mrs. Reyes asked.
 The police says,“We are still in search for the culprit.”
 “I need a glass of water,” Danny uttered.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 3

4. QUESTIONS
What is the difference between direct speech
and reported speech?
When do you use direct speech? reported
speech?
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 4

5. The proper use of direct and
reported speech is essential in
citing related literatures.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 5

6. In research, citing your
information resources is a way
of showing your appreciation to
the other people who helped
you finish your work.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 6

7. PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER THAT SHOWS YOUR
APPRECIATION FOR USING THEIR IDEAS
• Acknowledgement
• Referencesor
Bibliography
• Citation orIn-text Citation
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 7

8. Format matters!
APA for
Congressionalians.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 8

9. YOU CONSIDERTHE NUMBER OF AUTHORS
IN YOUR IN-TEXT CITATION. (1)
6
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 9

10. YOU CONSIDERTHE NUMBER OF AUTHORS IN
YOUR IN-TEXT CITATION. (2)
7
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 10

11. YOU CONSIDERTHE NUMBER OF AUTHORS IN
YOUR IN-TEXT CITATION. (3)
8
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 11

12. 2/12/2017
9
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 12

13. Activity: COMPARE THE ORIGINAL PASSAGE TOTHE REVISED ONE
AND THEN ANSWER THE FOLLOWING GUIDE QUESTIONS:
How was the given passage revised in terms of its
length and use of words?
How was the name of the author written in the
revised passage?
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 13

14. PASSAGE 1
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
A nation in the midst of progression, just like
the Philippines, is not exempted from the
spread of HIV infection in the globe. The
Philippine government immediately took some
actions in order to mitigate the spread of HIV
and AIDS since its first case in the country was
recorded in 1984. One of the steps taken by
the government was the establishment of the
Philippine National AIDS Council in 1992.
(Lucero, 2017)
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 14

15. PASSAGE 2
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
In the study of Lucero (2017), he revealed that
the Philippines has been a dwelling place for
people with HIV.He cited:
“The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is
never an exception in the spread of this deadly
disease. The first case of HIV and AIDS in the
Philippines was reported in 1984. Realizing the harm it
may bring to the population, the government right
away took the necessary preventive measures to halt
the rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the Philippine
National16
AIDS Council was founde2/d12./(20p17.1)”
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 15

16. PASSAGE 3
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
According to Lucero (2017), the Philippines
was not spared from the threat of HIV
infection upon having its first case detected in
1984. Because of this, the Philippine National
AIDS Council was established in 1992 as a
government strategy to stop the spread of HIV
in the country.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 16

17. PASSAGE 4
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease… In 1992, the Philippine
National AIDS Council was founded. (Lucero,
2017, p.1)
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 17

18. STYLES OF CITATION (1)
Integral Citation
• Citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear in your work
• It is done by using verbs like claim, assert, state, and other verbs used to
express ideas, mental position, stand, or opinion in relation to the subject
being talked about
Examples:
• According to Lucero (2017),
• Lucero (2017) revealed that ….
• Lucero et al. (2017) reported that….
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 18

19. STYLES OF CITATION (2)
Non-Integral Citation
• This downplays the strength of the writer’s personal characteristics.
• The stress is given to the piece of information rather than the owner of the
ideas.
Examples:
• Butterfinger is my favorite chocolate. (Lucero, 2017)
• Ang humikab, magpe-perform. (Lucero & Sanchez, 2017)
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 19

20. PATTERNS OF CITATION (1)
Summary
• It is citing a shortened version of the original text that is written
using your own words
Paraphrase
• Contrasted to summary, it is explaining the meaning of the text
you are referring to. It may exceed the number of words of the
alluded text.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 20

21. PATTERNS OF CITATION (2)
Short Direct Quotation
• It is copying the exact words of a part of the original author’s ideas. It
should not exceed 40 words.
Long Direct Quotation
• It is copying the exact words of a larger part of the original author’s ideas. It
should not exceed 100 words. Under APA, the limit is eight lines and the
copied sentences should be placed at the center of the page with no
indention.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 21

22. PASSAGE 1
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
A nation in the midst of progression, just like
the Philippines, is not exempted from the
spread of HIV infection in the globe. The
Philippine government immediately took some
actions in order to mitigate the spread of HIV
and AIDS since its first case in the country was
recorded in 1984. One of the steps taken by
the government was the establishment of the
Philippine National AIDS Council in 1992.
(Lucero, 2017)
PARAPHRASE/NON-
INTEGRAL CITATION
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 22

23. PASSAGE 2
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
In the study of Lucero (2017), he revealed that
the Philippines has been a dwelling place for
people with HIV.He cited:
“The Philippines, a developing country in the region, is
never an exception in the spread of this deadly
disease. The first case of HIV and AIDS in the
Philippines was reported in 1984. Realizing the harm it
may bring to the population, the government right
away took the necessary preventive measures to halt
the rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the Philippine
National16
AIDS Council was founde2/d12./(20p17.1)”
LONG DIRECT QUOTATION/INTEGRAL
CITATION
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 23

24. PASSAGE 3
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
According to Lucero (2017), the Philippines
was not spared from the threat of HIV
infection upon having its first case detected in
1984. Because of this, the Philippine National
AIDS Council was established in 1992 as a
government strategy to stop the spread of HIV
in the country.
SUMMARY/INTEGRAL
CITATION
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 24

25. PASSAGE 4
ORIGINAL:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease. The first case of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines was reported in 1984.
Realizing the harm it may bring to the
population, the government right away took
the necessary preventive measures to halt the
rapid spread of the disease. In 1992, the
Philippine National AIDS Council was founded.
(Source: Lucero,2017, p.1)
REVISED:
The Philippines, a developing country in the
region, is never an exception in the spread of
this deadly disease… In 1992, the Philippine
National AIDS Council was founded. (Lucero,
2017, p.1)
SHORT DIRECT QUOTATION/NON-
INTEGRAL CITATION
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 25

26. Activity: IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF REFERENCE IS SHOWN BELOW AND
THEN EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OFTHE HIGHLIGHTED PART IN WRITING
THE REFERENCE.
Lucero, J.A. (2018).Women and mental health. Retrieved from
https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/w/women-and-
mental-health
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 26

27. Activity: IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF REFERENCE IS SHOWN BELOW AND
THEN EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OFTHE HIGHLIGHTED PART IN WRITING
THE REFERENCE.
Simmons, R., & Blyth, D. (2018). Moving into adolescence:
The impact of pubertal change and the school context.
NewYork, NY:Aldine Transaction.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 27

28. Activity: IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF REFERENCE IS SHOWN BELOW AND
THEN EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OFTHE HIGHLIGHTED PART IN WRITING
THE REFERENCE.
Barrett,A. E., & Jay Turner, R. (2005). Family Structure and Mental Health:
The Mediating Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Family Process, and
Social Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46(2), 156–
169. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650504600203
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 28

29. Activity: IDENTIFY WHAT KIND OF REFERENCE IS SHOWN BELOW AND
THEN EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OFTHE HIGHLIGHTED PART IN WRITING THE
REFERENCE.
DelVillar, C. (2002). Mind-Body Communication Technique:An
Alternative Way of Developing Confidence in the
Classroom. Unpublished Dissertation. University of the
Philippines, Diliman.
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 29

30. WRITING YOUR “REFERENCES”
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 30

31. JOURNAL
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 31

32. ON LINE JOURNAL
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 32

33. BOOK
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 33

34. eBOOK
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 34

35. WEB PAGES
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 35

36. VIDEO
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 36

37. RELATED STUDIES
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 37

38. IDENTIFYWHAT KIND OF REFERENCE IS INDICATED BY
THE ENTRIES BELOW.
 Barasa, L. (2005). English Language Teaching in Kenya Secondary
School: Policy Training and Practice, Eldoret: Moi University
press.
 Steger, M. F., & Kashdan,T. B. (2009). Depression and Everyday
Social Activity, Belonging, and Well-Being. Journal of counseling
psychology, 56(2), 289-300.
 Abenga, S. B. (2005).The Adoption and use of new Educational
Technologies in the training of English primary teachers in
T.T.C.s in Kenya, Unpublished PhDThesis, Moi University Press.
 Saw, B. E. (2017).What are agents of socialization? Retrieved
from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-agents-of-
socialization.html
Book
Journal
Related
Study
Web Page
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 38

39. What is the purpose of literature citation in
research?
Why is it necessary that we follow a definite
format on citing sighted sites?
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 39

40. Evaluation: PARAPHRASE THE PASSAGE BELOW WHILE USING THE
CORRECT NON-INTEGRAL CITATION. REWRITE THE REFERENCE USED
FOLLOWING THE APA STYLE.
 The professional socialization of nursing is associated
with the specialized knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and
norms needed to perform the professional role.
 Source: Master’s thesis of J.A. Lucero submitted in 2015at Cavite State
University in Indang,Cavite
©JALUCERO, RN, LPT 40