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2 motivation
1. MAKING THE WORKING PLACE
A MOTIVATING ONE
THEORIES, MODELS &
STRATEGIES
TUNGARAZA, MB
MAY, 2019
2. Contents
Introduction
Definition of the term “Theory” and
Motivation
State briefly different motivational
theories
State strategies to making
workplace a motivating
Conclusion
3. Introduction #1
The supervisor should understand that the
people under his/her supervision
(followers), may be of different behaviors
towards work.
The supervisor applies different
approaches to manage each employee.
Motivation is a tool that the supervisor
should understand to apply in making
staff work to meet the shift goals.
4. Introduction #2
The supervisor should understand different
motivation theories and how to apply them in
motivating subordinates (supervisees) to work
effectively.
The theories include:
o Theory X & Y; (by McGregor 1960).
o Employee participation theory (by Chris Argyris,1964).
o Theory of needs (by Abraham Maslow 1970).
o Two factor theory by (Herzberg 1977).
Other motivational theorist include:
McClelland, D (1971)
Gellerman, S (1968)
Vroom, V (1964)
5. Definitions
Theory:
Defined as a set of interrelated assumptions put forward to
describe or explain a given phenomenon.
Motivation:
Motivation is a concept used to describe both the
extrinsic conditions that stimulate certain behaviors that
are evidenced by intrinsic responses that demonstrate that
behaviors in human being.
The intrinsic response is sustained by motives often
described as needs, wants or drives.
One measures motivation through observable and
recorded behaviors.
Swansburg, RC, (2002)
6. Theory X
Theory y Employees:
Like and enjoy work
Are self directed
Seek responsibilities
Are imaginative and creative
Have underutilized intellectual capacity
Need only general supervision
Are encouraged to participate in
problem solving
7. Theory X
Theory X employees:
Avoid work
Need constant supervision and directions
Are indifferent to organizational needs
and goals
Need threats to be motivated
Are motivated by rewards and
punishment
8. Employee Participation
Theory
According to Chris Argyris(1964),
managerial domination causes
workers to become discouraged and
passive at work.
If self-esteem and independence
needs are not met, employees will
become discouraged and
troublesome.
9. Theory of Employee Needs
According to Maslow, (1970) people are
motivated to meet certain needs, ranging from
basic survival to complex psychological needs,
and people seek the higher need only when
the lower needs are made.
Based on this theory, the supervisor need to
understand that the supervisee is not merely an
economic animal, and that they have many
needs to motivate them.
The supervisor should communicate with the
management to ensure that lower needs of the
staff are met to make them motivated to work
productively.
10. Two Factor Theory (Hygienic
Theory)
The work itself, according to Fredrick Herzberg
(1977) is a motivating factor.
Staff needs recognition, advancement,
responsibility, work and achievement to get
motivated to work satisfactorily.
Likewise, factors like monetary incentive, job
security, positive working conditions, policies,
and interpersonal relations can play a role of
hygienic factors which make a person
dissatisfied with work when they are not met.
Therefore, the management should strive to make the
work a motivating one.
11. Motivational Theory By
McClelland, 1971
According to McClelland, the employee is
motivated by three factors:
o Achievement: Focus on improving or
transforming ideas to actions.
o Affiliation: focus their energies relationship with
friends and families. This is mostly observed to
female nurses.
o Power: motivated by the power that can be
gained as a result of specific action.
Supervisor/managers should strive to meet
those three basic needs to motivate employees
to work effectively.
12. Motivational Theory By
Gellerman, 1968
This theory is applied through stretching
concept.
Stretching involves assigning staff with tasks that
are more difficult than the one is routinely used
to be doing.
Another approach of this theory is making staff
more participative in decision making to things
affecting their work. The purpose is to make
employee feel valued and see themselves part
of the solution. It also gives the supervisor not to
be overwhelmed with tasks that can be
managed by the subordinates.
13. Creating Motivating Working
Places #1
The supervisor should:
Clearly communicate expectations to
subordinates
Be fair in treating all subordinates at par
Be a firm decision maker employing
appropriate styles of decision making
Remove traditional blocks from the work.
Give subordinates recognition and credits.
Elaborate the reasons behind decisions and
actions.
Role model to subordinates
14. Creating Motivating Working
Places #2
Distribute all necessary resources fairly
Ensure that there necessary working tools
at work place
Reward desirable behaviors; be
consistent on how you handle
undesirable behaviors.
Understand the uniqueness of every
subordinate
Provides experiences that challenge or
stretch the subordinates and allow
professional growth
15. Conclusion
To motivate is to inspire subordinates to
work heartedly.
The supervisor should have the
knowledge of different motivational
theories and know how to apply them in
order to create motivating working
climates.
The theories state various motives that the
supervisor should provide or improve to
motivate subordinate.