The Philippines faces several natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. These include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons which can cause flooding and landslides. Over the past 20 years, these disasters have killed over 31,000 people and affected over 94 million. The document discusses Philippine disaster risk profiles and outlines the country's vulnerability due to its hazards, impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic factors. It also defines disaster risk management and reduction concepts.
5. The Philippines is situated along a highly seismic area lying along the PACIFIC RING OF
FIRE where two major tectonic plates (Philippine Sea and Eurasian) meet and is
highly-prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This explains the occurrence
of earthquakes and tsunamis and the existence of around 300 volcanoes of which
22 are active
Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
6. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
Tropical storms or typhoons accompanied by
heavy rain and/or strong winds that may result in
floods, landslides and storm surge are the most
prevalent types of hydro-meteorological hazards in
the country.
The Philippines is located in the Pacific typhoon
belt. The country experiences an average of 20
typhoons a year, 5 of which are said to be
destructive.
7. Millions
of Filipinos
are at risk.
In the past 20 years,
31,835 Filipinos have
reported been killed
and 94,369,462 people
have been affected by
disasters.
8. Passage of Republic Act 10121
“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act of 2010”
Approved : May 27, 2010
Effective : June 24, 2010
* DRRM Act Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR)
Approved : September 27, 2010
Effective : October 7, 2010
9. Basic concept of disaster risk management
Definition of Disaster
A disaster can be identified as any occurrence that cause
damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services on a scale,
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area (WHO)
10. A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
nature or manmade that causes human suffering
and creates human needs that victim cannot
alleviate without assistance (American Red
Cross)
The serious disruption of the functioning society,
causing widespread human, materials or
environmental losses, which exceed the ability of
the affected people to cope using their own
resources
11. An event, either man made or natural, sudden or
progressive, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses
12. A disaster is a natural or man-made (or
technological) hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant physical
damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic
changes to the environment, a disaster can be
extensively defined as any tragic event streaming
from events such as earth quakes, floods,
catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions, it is a
phenomenon that causes damage to life and
property to destroy the economic, social and
cultural life of people.
13. In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the
consequence of inappropriately managed risk. These
risks are the product of combination of both hazard/s
and disaster, as is the case in uninhabited regions
14. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER
1. Natural Disaster
any catastrophic event that is caused by
nature or the natural processes of the earth. The
severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost,
economic loss, and the ability of the population
to rebuild. Events that occur in unpopulated
areas are not considered disasters. So a flood
on an uninhabited island would not count as a
disaster, but a flood in a populated area is called
a natural disaster.
15.
16. Meteorological Disaster
are caused by extreme weather, e.g. rain, drought, snow, extreme heat
or cold, ice, or wind. Violent, sudden and destructive to the environment
related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially
the weather-forming processes.
e.g. Floods, Tsunami, Cyclone, Hurricane, Typhoon, Snow storm ,Blizzard
,and Hail storm
25. 2. Man-made or human induced Disaster
Man-made disaster are the consequence of
technological or human hazards. Examples include
stampedes, fire, transport accidents, industrial
accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and Deliberate attacks
may also be put in this category. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where
man-made hazards have become reality in an
event
26. A. Technological
Transport failure
Public Place failure
FIRE
B. Chemical spills
Radioactive spills
Industrial
C. warfare
War
Terrorism
Internal conflicts
Civil unrest
27. 3. When is an Event a Disaster?
At least 20% of the population are affected and in
need of emergency assistance or those dwelling units
have been destroyed.
A great number or at least 40% of the means of
livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the
likes are destroyed
Major roads and bridges are destroyed and
impassable for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow
of transport and commerce
28. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry
and livestock, and other agricultural products and
epidemics
29. 4. Consequence of disaster
Health
> Physical- entanglement, injuries, disabilities,
coma, death
> Psychological – cognitive, behavior, social
> Structural Damage – to variable extent
> Ecological – changes in Ecosystem
> Economical – financial losses
30. 5. Symptoms after disaster
Physiological Symptoms
Fatigue
Shock symptoms
Profuse sweating
Fine motor tremors
Chills
Teeth grinding
Muscle aches
Dizziness
Cognitive symptoms
Memory loss
Distractibility
Reduced attention span
Decision making difficulties
Calculating difficulties
Confusing trivial with major
issues
31. Emotional symptoms
Anxiety
Felling overwhelmed
Grief
Identification with victims
Depression
Anticipation of harm to self or
others
Irritability
Behavioral symptoms
Insomnia
Substance abuse
Gallows humor
Gait changes
Ritualistic behavior
Hyper vigilance
Unwillingness to leave scene
32. COMMUNICABLE Diseases after Disaster
Preexisting disaster in the population: dysentery,
cholera, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, intestinal
parasites, scabies, skin infections
Ecological Changes
Altered ecology – vector born and water borne diseases
Living conditions – plague, louse borne typhus and
relapsing fever
Stray animals and wild animal displacement rabies
33. 2. Damage to Public Utilities:
Water supplies and sewage disposal disrupted
3. Population movements:
Introduction of new diseases or vector
In settlements – diarrheal diseases, measles, viral
hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria etc
4. Interruption in public health services
Disruption of curative and preventive services
Interrupted vector control – malaria, dengue
Interrupted immunization – measles, whooping cough, and
diphtheria
34. 5. Altered individual resistance to diseases:
Malnutrition Increases Susceptibility to diseases
Why are disaster impacts increasing?
> increased in population
> Climate change
> Increased vulnerability due to:
Demographic changes
Increased concentration of assets
Environment degradation
Poverty
Rapid urbanization and unplanned development
35. 8. Risk
The Probability that a community structure or
geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the
impact of a particular hazard, on account of their
nature, construction, proximity to hazardous area
Is the combination of probability of an event to happen
and its negative consequences
37. 9. Elements at Risk
1. Persons, Building, Crops or other such
like societal components exposed to known
hazard, which are likely to be adversely
affected by the impact of the hazard
2. Vulnerability
Is a condition or sets of conditions that
reduces the people’s ability to prepare for,
withstand or respond to a hazard
38. Vulnerability
is the characteristics and
circumstances of a community, or asset that
make it susceptible to the damaging effects
of a hazard.
This may arise from various physical,
social, economic and environmental factors.
39. Vulnerability has been related to
the following factors:
Social Integration
• Ethnicity
• Age
• Gender
• Location
• Status
• Wealth
• Income
• Education
• Family Type
40. Psychological & Physiological
• Locus of control
• Disability
• Coping-Style
• Individual’s perception
• Lifestyle
• Agility
• Mobility
• Experience
41. 3. Exposure
The Degree to which the element at
risk are likely to experience hazard events of
different magnitude
42. 4. Capacity
Those positive condition or abilities
which increase a community’s ability to deal
with hazards
43. 5. Hazard
Phenomenon or situation, which has
the potential to cause disruption or damage
to people, their services and their
environment
is a dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or condition that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood
& services, social & economic disruption or
environmental damage
44. Hazard
> Could be a potential damaging
phenomenon
> It could be natural or human-induced
45.
46. 10 factors affecting disaster
1. Host factors
• Age
• Immunization status
• Degree of mobility
• Emotional stability
47. 2. Environmental factors
• Physical factors
• Chemical factors
• Biological factors
• Social factors
• Psychological factors
48. THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF
THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS:
earthquake, volcano, tsunami, typhoons as
well as what to do before, during and after
are in the brochures/ leaflets given by DOST
SEI/PHIVOCS
50. Earthquake
• An earthquake is the result of a sudden
release of energy in the earth’s crust that
creates seismic waves
• the seismic activity of an area refers to
frequency, type and size of earthquakes
experienced over the period of time
52. POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDZ
GROUND SHAKING – shaking of the
ground caused by passage of seismic wave,
especially during an earthquake
Ground Rupture – shaking of the ground
caused by the passage of seismic waves,
especially surface wave near the epicenter
of the earthquake are responsible for the
most damage during earthquake.
56. Liquefaction – liquefaction is a
phenomenon in which the strength and
stiffness of soil is reduced by earthquake
shaking or other rapid loading
Earthquake – Induced ground subsidence –
ground subsidence can result from the
settlement of native low density soils, or the
caving in of natural or man made
underground voids
57. Tsunami - a series of wave in a water body
caused by the displacement of a large
volume of water, generally in the ocean or a
large lake
Earthquake – Induced landslide - a form
of mass wasting that includes a wide range
of ground movement
64. If capacity (and
readiness) is
insufficient
If vulnerabilities
are too great
If the scale of
hazard is too big
Then, the risk is
too high,
emergencies may
not be managed
locally, the
communities may
not cope,
DISASTER will
occur.
65. •DEVELOP CAPACITY AND INCREASE
READINESS
•REDUCE VULNERABILITIES
•UNDERSTAND HAZARDS
=REDUCE DISASTER RISKS
THEN HAZARDS CAN BE MANAGED
LOCALLY AND DISASTERS WILL NOT
OCCUR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
66. 1. Do we Need It?
Overwhelmingly YES, we need it.
Purpose, Objectives, Added Value
A global venue for open forum of local
government issues, solutions and
learning
GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
67. 1. To provide opportunities for building
capacity of LG & share experiences
(raising awareness, learning
opportunities, training, knowledge
sharing, technology information,
research, workshops seminars)
2. Global level advocacy group
3. Developing mechanism for taking LG
learning to marketplace
GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
68. 5. Promote capacity development
6. To Promote platform for climate
change impact at local level
GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
69. Suggested mechanism:
• Organize a small advisory group to
push forward the objectives of the
LGA
• Secretariat support:
---Hosting web based discussion
---Data base hosting or virtual library
GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
70. --Facilitate discussion through other
means such as teleconferences
--Support the needs of the Advisory
group as much as possible and able
--Continue the initiation of the
organizing of the Advisory group
--continue communicating with this
group
GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
71. Work Plan till June 2009
Publication of good practices –solicit
articles, choose and compile.
Articles presented here should be posted
to the web
Meeting with existing organizations to
gather suggestions
Organize of the Advisory Group before
the Advisory group based on Selection
criteria that must be developed through
consultation
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
