1. Global Warming Will Human-Induced Climate Change Destroy the World? By Rich Deem www.GodAndScience.org Note: This slideshow is NOT meant to be printed. View in slideshow mode only because of extensive builds and animations. Go to the website for a printable copy. Requires PowerPoint 2003 or PowerPoint Viewer 2003.

5. Earth’s Temperature Sun Solar Energy Solar Energy

6. Earth’s Temperature Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling

7. Earth’s Temperature Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling

8. Earth’s Temperature Sun Solar Energy Radiative Cooling

9. Greenhouse Effect Sun

10. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases >99% <1% Non- Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Water (H 2 O) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Argon (Ar)

12. Carbon Dioxide

13. Carbon Dioxide Levels 170 220 270 320 370 420 200000 400000 600000 Time (YBP) CO 2 (ppm) Vostok Ice Core Dome Concordia 0 Muana Loa Readings CO 2 Levels Since 1958 310 330 350 370 10 20 30 40 CO 2 (ppm) 0

14. Worldwide Carbon Emissions Carbon (10 9 metric tons) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year Liquid fuel Total Gas fuel Solid fuel

15. Annual Carbon Emissions 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 0 4 6 8 2 Year Carbon (10 9 metric tons) Annual carbon emissions Atmospheric CO 2 Atmospheric CO 2 average

18. Past Temperatures

19. Recorded Worldwide Temperatures -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) Flat Decreasing Flat

20. Historic Los Angeles Temperatures Winter Temperatures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year Summer Temperatures 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year Annual Temperatures 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year Temperature (°C)

21. 2009 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980 2009 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980 -4.1 -4 -2 -1 -.5 -.2 .2 .5 1 2 4 4.1

24. Main Ocean Currents Adapted from IPCC SYR Figure 4-2

26. Orbital Parameters: Precession Perihelion Apehelion

27. Orbital Parameters: Obliquity 22.5 ° 24.5 °

28. Orbital Parameters: Eccentricity Minimum: 0.005 Maximum: 0.061 Not to scale! To Scale! Perihelion Apehelion Apehelion

29. Orbital Parameters & Earth’s Climate Age (kya) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Eccentricity (100 ky) Temperature Obliquity (41 ky) Precession (22 ky)

31. Younger Dryas Event -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 0 5 10 15 20 Age (kya) Temperature (°C) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 Snow Accumulation (m/yr) Younger Dryas Little Ice Age Ice Age Medieval Warm

32. Younger Dryas Event -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34  18 O (Greenland) -8.0 -7.5 -7.0 -6.5 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0 -4.5 -4.0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16  18 O (China) Younger Dryas Age (kya)

37. A Compilation of Phanerozoic Atmospheric CO 2 Records Breecker D O et al. PNAS 2010;107:576-580 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 30 60 90 Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration (ppmV) Continental Glaciation (Paleolatitude) 400 300 200 100 0 Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic S D Carb P Tr J K Pg Ng

38. Recent Temperature Changes

39. “Hockey Stick” Controversy 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 -0.8 Year -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Temperature Change ( °C) Direct temperature measurements Mann et al. 1999

40. The Problem with Tree Rings 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 -0.6 Year -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Temperature Change ( °C) -0.2 -0.1 Jones et al. 1998 Briffa et al. 1999 Mann et al. 1999

42. Is the Hockey Stick Correct? Mann et al. 1999 Esper et al. 2002 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 -2 -1 0 1 2 Temperature Change ( °C) 2000 Year

43. Is the Hockey Stick Correct? -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Year Temperature Change (°C) Mann et al. 1999 Esper et al. 2002 Moberg et al. 2005 Mann et al. 2008 Medieval Warm Period

44. U.S. National Academy of Sciences: June 2006 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 -0.8 Year -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Temperature Change ( °C) “ high level of confidence” “ 2:1 chance of being right”

45. Atmospheric Temperatures -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1980 1990 2000 Year -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1980 1990 2000 Year Temperature Cgange (°C) Troposphere Stratosphere

46. CO 2 Concentration Vs. Temperature 170 220 270 320 370 0 200000 400000 600000 Time (YBP) CO 2 (ppm) Antarctica 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SST (°C) Tropical Pacific

47. Consequences of Global Warming

48. Global Warming Primarily Impacts the Northern Hemisphere -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1920 1960 2000 Year Temperature Change (°C) 1920 1960 2000 Year Northern vs. Southern Latitude Land vs. Ocean Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean

49. 2009 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980 -4.1 -4 -2 -1 -.5 -.2 .2 .5 1 2 4 4.1

51. Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro

52. Changes in Antarctica Ice Mass 1000 800 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 2003 2004 2005 Ice Mass (km 3 ) Year

54. Changing Sea Levels 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -20 -10 0 10 20 Relative Sea Level (cm) Adapted from IPCC SYR Figure 2-5 Amsterdam, Netherlands Brest, France Swinoujscie, Poland Global Temperature Change

55. Sea Levels for 450,000 Years Time (KYBP) Sea Level (m) 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SST (°C) Tropical Pacific

60. Potential Worldwide Precipitation Changes -50 -20 -10 -5 5 10 20 50

61. Drought in Africa Lake Faguibine Lake Chad

62. Cost to Stabilize CO 2 Concentrations 450 550 650 750 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Carbon Dioxide (ppm) Cost (Trillons U.S. Dollars)

63. Possible Solutions to Global Warming

66. Global Warming Myths

67. Global Warming Has Stopped? -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) 2010 1365.2 1365.4 1365.6 1365.8 1366.0 1366.2 1366.4 1366.6 1366.8 Solar Irradiance (W/m 2 )

68. Volcanoes Put Out More CO 2 Than Fossil Fuel Burning 0 2 4 6 8 10 Carbon (10 9 metric tons) Fossil Fuel Volcanoes

69. Global Warming is Caused by Sunspots -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Sunspots

70. Hadley Temperatures Vs. Sunspots -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 1.0 1.5 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Sunspots

71. Global Warming is Caused by GCR -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 Gamma Cosmic Rays

72. CO 2 Vs. Temperature CO 2 Vs. Sea Level 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 Time (ybp) Rohling et al. 2009. Antarctic temperature and global sea level closely coupled over the last five glacial cycles. Nature Geoscience 2:500. -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 Relative Sea Level 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 CO 2 (ppmv) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 Temperature

73. Global Warming is Due to Urban Heat Islands 2009 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980 -4.1 -4 -2 -1 -.5 -.2 .2 .5 1 2 4 4.1

74. Mt. Kilimanjaro’ Glaciers are Melting Because of Global Warming

75. Global Warming Primarily Impacts the Northern Hemisphere -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1920 1960 2000 Year Temperature Change (°C) Northern vs. Southern Latitude Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere 1920 1960 2000 Year Land vs. Ocean Land Ocean

77. Changing Sea Levels 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 -20 -10 0 10 20 Relative Sea Level (cm) Adapted from IPCC SYR Figure 2-5 Amsterdam, Netherlands Brest, France Swinoujscie, Poland Global Temperature Change

79. Predictions Vs. Reality Hansen, J. 1988. Journal Of Geophysical Research 93:9241. Exponential Increase in carbon emissions Moderate reduction in carbon emissions Drastic reduction in carbon emissions Observed temps through 1988  T (°C) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.4 Date 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2019 Annual Mean Global Temperature Change OBSERVED SCENARIO A SCENARIO B SCENARIO C

80. Temperature Extrapolation  T (°C) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.4 Date 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2.5 2.0 1960