3. Geography Natural Resources natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land Environmental Issues water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
4. Population Total 16,715,999 Growth rate 0.412% Life expectancy 79.4 years Ethnic groups Dutch 80.7%, EU 5%, Indonesian 2.4%, Turkish 2.2%, Surinamese 2%, Moroccan 2%, Netherlands Antilles & Aruba 0.8%, other 4.8% Literacy 99% Infant mortality 4.73 deaths/1,000 live births
8. Geography Natural Resources petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber Environmental Issues scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion