6. 1st Order Change
consistent with
prevailing values
implemented using
general existing expertise &
agreement knowledge
-Waters, Marzano, & McNulty
7. 2nd Order Change
not obvious how it will new approaches
make things better or
instructional practices
disrupt sense
of well-being conflicts with prevailing
and cohesion of values or norms
community
challenge expertise and competencies
“conscious incompetence”