Examples: gerunds and/or infinitives and when to use them.

1. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
ICPNA
BY SANTY REQUEJO SALDAÑA
2018

2. A GERUND IS A VERBING. AN IFINITIVE IS A TO + VERB.
COOKING
HELPING
PLAYING
LISTENING
READING
WALKING
TO COOK
TO HELP
TO PLAY
TO LISTEN
TO READ
TO WALK

3. SUBJECT + VERB + GERUNG + COMPLEMENT
Enjoy
Quit
Give up
Avoid
Consider
Suggest
Discuss
Finish
Mind
Appreciate
CHILDREN ENJOY WATCHING TV AFTER CLASS.

4. Page 303

6. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH “GO”
Go shopping
Go running
Go swimming Go bike riding

7. Page 304

8. GERUNDS AS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
WE TALKED ABOUT PAINTING.
SUBJECT
VERB
PREPOSITION GERUND
OBJECT OF “ABOUT”

9.  In charge of
 Interested in
 Be used to
 Be accustomed to
 Look forward to
 Object to
 Be excited about
 Be capable of
 Excuse for
 Complaining about
 Instead of
 Insist on
 Advantage of
 Participate in
Pages 298, 299,300

14. SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS
HAVE FUN
HAVE GOOD TIME
HAVE TROUBLE
HAVE DIFFICULTY
HAVE A HARD TIME
HAVE A DIFFICULT TIME
SPEND
WASTE
SIT
STAND
LIE
FIND
CATCH
Expression
Pronoun/noun
Page 305

17. Expressing how something is done
using by + gerund
I understood the lesson BY ASKING the
teacher again and again.
I learned how to cook BY WATCHING my
mother.
page301

18. SUBJECT + VERB + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT
Hope
Promise
Expect
Plan
Decide
Agree
Refuse
Ask
Would like
Want
Need
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN / PRONOUN +
INFINITIVE + COMPL
PAGE 307

19. VERB INFINITIVE
GERUND
BEGIN
START
CONTINUE
LIKE
LOVE
PREFER
HATE
CAN´T STAND
CAN´T BEAR
PAGE 312
IT BEGAN TO RAIN.
IT BEGAN RAINING.
I LIKE COOKING.
I LIKE TO COOK.

20. I ALWAYS REMEMBER TO
SWITCH OFF THE
COMPUTER.
MY FRIEND FORGETS TO
DO THAT.
I WILL STOP TO DRINK
SOME WATER.
I REMEMBER SWITCHING
OFF THE COMPUTER
YESTERDAY.
MY FRIEND FORGOT
SWITCHING IT LAST WEEK.
I WILL STOP DRINKING
WATER FOR TEN MINUTES

21. Are you going to pay the telephone bill tomorrow?
Don’t worry. I'll remember to pay it.
Did you pay the telephone bill last week?
Yes. I remember paying it.
Sally has just stopped to talk on the phone.
Is Sally on the phone?
Yes
Sally has just stopped talking on the phone.
Is Sally on the phone?
no

22. When these verbs are followed by a gerund, the gerund refers to an action
that happened earlier:
I remember locking the door (= I remember now, I locked the door
earlier)
Forget is frequently used with 'never' in the simple future form:
I'll never forget meeting the Queen.
When these verbs are followed by a to-infinitive, the infinitive refers to an
action happening at the same time, or later:
I remembered to lock the door (= I thought about it, then I did it.)
Don't forget to buy some eggs! (= Please think about it and then do it.)

23. Stop + gerund means to finish an action in progress:
I stopped working for them because the wages were so
low.
Stop tickling me!
Stop + to-infinitive means to interrupt an activity in
order to do something else, so the infinitive is used to
express a purpose:
I stopped to have lunch. (= I was working, or traveling,
and I interrupted what I was doing in order to eat.)
It's difficult to concentrate on what you are doing if you
have to stop to answer the phone every five minutes.

24. OTHER FORM OF SENTENCES WITH GERUND
AND INFINITIVE
IT IS IMPORTANT TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE.
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IS IMPORTANT.
TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IS IMPORTANT.
IT IS IMPORTANT FOR A PERSON TO LEARN A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE.

25. OTHER FORM OF SENTENCES WITH
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
I WENT TO THE MARKET IN ORDER TO BUY
FRUIT.
I WENT TO THE MARKET TO BUY FRUIT.
I WENT TO THE MARKET FOR FRUIT.

26. OTHER FORM OF SENTENCES WITH
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
TANIA IS TOO SHORT TO PLAY BASKETBALL.
THIS RUG IS TOO BIG TO CARRY.
I HAVE ENOUGH ENERGY TO FINISH THIS WORK.

27. PRESENT FORM
Active
Voice
Gerund
I enjoy listening to
music.
Infinitive I prefer to dance.
Passive
Voice
Gerund I enjoy being
listened
Infinitive I prefer to be
invited.

28. PAST FORM
ACTIVE
VOICE
Gerund I regret having lied.
Infinitive
I was lucky to have
gotten a ticket..
PASSIVE
VOICE
Gerund
I appreciate having
been invited.
Infinitive
I was happy to have
been invited.

29. GERUND
INFINITIVE
NEED THE HOUSE NEEDS PAINTING.
THE HOUSE NEEDS TO BE PAINTED.

30. I HATE WHEN MY BROTHER SNORES.
I HATE MY BROTHER´S SNORING.
I HATE HIS SNORING.

31. SEE
HEAR
NOTICE
LOOK AT
LISTEN TO
FEEL
SMELL
THE TEACHER HEARD THE STUDENTS
SING A SONG.
SINGING A SONG.

32. LET
HELP
THE TEACHER HELPED THE STUDENTS
ANSWER THOSE QUESTIONS.
MOTHERS LET THEIR CHILDREN GO TO THE
PARK WITH SOMEBODY.
NOUN
PRONOUN
VERB

33. Causatives . GET HAVE MAKE
I get my brother to finish the job.
I make my brother finish the job.
She had her assistant plan the meeting.
I GET THE JOB FINISHED .
I MAKE THE JOB FINISHED .
SHE HAD THE MEETING PLANNED.
GET to persuade
the person to do
something
MAKE to force a
person to do
something
HAVE to ask a
person to do
something