This video forms part of the showcase event held by the Intelligent Airport (TINA) project: http://intelligentairport.org.uk. The University of Cambridge Engineering Department developed a passenger tracking system using cheap passive RFID boarding passes.

1. Multiservice RF Infrastructure with Passive Tag Location Capability Richard Penty, S Sabesan, Michael Crisp, Ian White Cambridge University Engineering Department

3. Dedicated indoor capacity

4. Fewer RF transceivers needed compared to distributed radios

5. Analogue links may be coax cable (<100 m) or fibre (>100 m)

7. Adding Sensing to Communications DAS Passive UHF RFID allows very low cost tags to be used for object detection at ranges up to 10 m Increasing demands for mobile data bandwidth is driving down cell sizes, requiring closer antenna spacing. Can RFID be added as an additional service on RoF DAS allowing a shared infrastructure? Can RFID leverage similar power requirement reductions to we have shown with communications services?

8. Why RFID over Fibre in Airports? RFID is considered cheaper than bar code readers But <100% read rate reliability means critical reading for e.g. baggage is compromised Only two airports internationally implement RFID for baggage handling Within TINA we’ve tried to improve read success rate over a wider area Airport applications, particularly if security sensitive, really do need ~ 100% success rate Will allow tagging of other items e.g. passengers Late passengers contribute to 10% of all delays in UK Extremely expensive for airline business models Different airlines would use passenger location information in different ways! Security Tagging of passenger, along with video, would reveal suspicious behaviour Monitoring of security areas

9. AU1 AU3 AU2 Improved Tag Detection with DAS AU1 Rx Tx Zinwave Hub RFID Tx DAS Processing RFID Rx Tx Rx AU1 Tag Tag Aim to show improvement in RFID read rate/accuracy and reduction in nulls AU1 Rx Tx

10. Demonstration of Error Free Operation Usinga Commercial RFID System 19 x 2 m area. +31 dBm EIRP output power, UK frequency band

12. When an inventory is performed using the transceiver interface, it returns data from the Intel firmware in a sequential of packets.

13. Phase is varied when it returns the inventory-round-begin packet which indicates the beginning of a an inventory round on an antenna. SSB Interface Intel Transceiver R1000

14. AU3 Rx Tx Zinwave Hub Intel R1000 Firmware DAS Processing Intel R1000 Rx AU2 Intel Transceiver R1000 AU1 AU3 AU2 Alien Tag Tag Alien Tag Tag Alien Tag Tag Alien Tag Tag Alien Tag Tag AU1 Rx Tx DAS RFID System Tx

17. Estimating the location of passive UHF RFID tag is a major challenge due to the narrow bandwidth available.

20. Measurements are repeated five times at each grid point and the AU with the highest number of successful reads is identified.

21. Location is then estimated by finding the closest match of:

22. the three antenna RSSI

23. the RSSI from the mostly likely closest antenna

24. the probability that the antenna is closest to the tag from the mapped data set.

25. A maximum likelihood weighting is applied to the mapped data. Pillar

26. Demonstration of Enhanced Location Accuracy

27. Demonstration of Enhanced Location Accuracy 100% location estimations using the DAS has less than 4.2 m error compared to only 55% and 40% from the commercial RFID reader and the random algorithm respectively.

28. Tracking/Location System GUI We intend to use the current system as a test bed to develop new algorithms.

29. Application Software Integration with Hong Kong-TINA Project MySQL Database HK-TINA Software Intel R1000 Cambridge Software

31. 100% read accuracy using DAS to reduce fading

32. Enhanced read rate (67 tags/second)

33. RSSI based location with 1.9 m mean error

34. Integration with HK TINA software demonstrators