1. Solid Waste Management

2. Waste- Definition & Classification
Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.
Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste

3. Solid Waste

4. Classification of Wastes
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,
music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg
tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power
plants

5. Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste
• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million
tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

6. Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds
• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown
from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

7. Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses,
polybags, paper shreds etc
-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)
-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling
• MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management)
vehicle

8. How solid waste affected us in recent years?
• Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage
line due to large no. of plastic bags
• Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused
due to imported scrap from Iran
• Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to
consumption of contaminated foods
• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due
to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the
food movement in their stomach

9. Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialised countries have waste
management problems
• Developed countries have strict
environment regulation norms
• Most attractive option for them- to dump
into developing countries

10. Philadelphia’s Municipal Waste
• 16 years journey for the cargo ship to
eleven countries and four continents
• 25,000 tonnes of flyash came back to
Philadelphia’s garbage dump
• Several government refused cargo ships
• In 2002, Cargo ship returned back to US

11. Major Polluting Industries in India
• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24
million cu m of waste water containing
high level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000
tonnes of hazardous solid waste
• 300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-
litres of spend wash per year containing
several pollutants
• Thermal power plants discharge huge waste
materials

12. Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

13. Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:
-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil

14. Recycling not a solution to all problems!
Recycling is not a solution to managing every
kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are
unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

15. Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered
waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw
material for others
• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within
• System was not designed to be so
• The system of exchange evolved in 10
years

16. Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste
• Education & voluntary compliance
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions
• Institutions & regulatory framework
• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
• Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

17. TERI Projections on Waste Generation In India

18. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/ghost-ship-121205
French aircraft carrier Clemenceau

19. French aircraft carrier Clemenceau
• December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants
• 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury,
and other toxic chemicals
• Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a
place where environmental regulations are lax and workers'
rights are practically nonexistant
• In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is
absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where
rules exist, they're unlikely to be enforced.
• Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which
prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor
countries
• Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship
in India as well as in France
• French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of
the asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau

20. References
• Environmental Studies
-R Rajagopalan
• www.greenpeace.org
• www.teri.res.in

21. Presentation By Group 13
• Praful Ranjan Roll No.-28
• Rajat Kumar Roll No.-33
• Rakesh Panda Roll No.-34
• Rohit Arya Roll No.-40