Abnormally elevated cholesterol or fats (lipids) in the blood. Dyslipidemia increases the chance of clogged arteries (atherosclerosis) and heart attacks, stroke or other circulatory concerns, especially in smokers. In adults, it's often related to obesity, unhealthy diet and lack of exercise. Dyslipidaemia usually causes no symptoms. Healthy diet, exercise and lipid-lowering drugs can help prevent complications. Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Includes Diseases: Hyperlipidemia please comment thank u

1. PREPARED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D
NIRMALA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY , KADAPA ,AP
DYSLIPIDEMIA

2. Dyslipidemia
( DEFINITION | INTRODUCTION )
📝Dyslipidemia is defined as having blood lipid levels that
are too high or low. Blood lipids are fatty substances, such
as triglycerides and cholesterol.
Many people achieve healthy levels by eating a balanced
diet and through other aspects of their lifestyle.
Dyslipidemia is characterized by abnormal levels of lipids in
the blood.

3. Dyslipidemia occurs when someone has abnormal levels of
lipids in their blood.While the term describes a wide range
of conditions, the most common forms of dyslipidemia
involve:
high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL),
or bad cholesterol
low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), or good
cholesterol
high levels of triglycerides

4. high cholesterol, which refers to high LDL and triglyceride
levels Lipids, or fats, are building blocks of life and provide
energy to cells.
Lipids include:
LDL cholesterol, which is considered bad because it can
cause plaques to form in the blood vessels. HDL
cholesterol, which is regarded as good because it can help
to remove LDL from the blood.

5. Triglycerides, which develop when calories are not burned
right away and are stored in fat cells.
Healthy blood lipid levels naturally vary from person to
person. However, people with high levels of LDL and
triglycerides or very low HDL levels tend to have a higher
risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis develops when hard, fatty deposits called
plaques accumulate in blood vessels, making it difficult for
blood to flow. Over time, these plaques can build up and
cause major circulation problems, such as heart attacks
and strokes.

6. Symptoms
Unless it is severe, most people with dyslipidemia are
unaware that they have it. diagnose dyslipidemia during a
routine blood test or a test for another condition. Severe
or untreated dyslipidemia can lead to other conditions,
including coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral
artery disease (PAD).Both CAD and PAD can cause serious
health complications, including heart attacks and strokes.

7. Common symptoms of these conditions
include:
leg pain, especially when walking or standing chest pain tightness
or pressure in the chest and shortness of breath pain, tightness, and
pressure in the neck, jaw, shoulders, and back indigestion
and heartburn sleep problems and daytime exhaustion dizziness
heart palpitation scold sweats vomiting and nausea swelling in the
legs, ankles, feet, stomach, and veins of the neck fainting
These symptoms may get worse with activity or stress Anyone who
experiences severe chest pain, dizziness, and fainting, or problems
breathing should seek emergency care.

8. Types and causes
Dyslipidemia can be categorized into two types,
based on the cause:
Primary dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia can be diagnosed with a blood test.
Genetic factors cause primary dyslipidemia, and it is
inherited.

9. Common causes of primary dyslipidemia include:
Familial combined hyperlipidemia, which develops in teenagers and
young adults and can lead to high cholesterol. Familial
hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, a mutation in a group of LDL
lipoproteins called Apo lipoproteins.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia, which leads to high triglyceride
levels. Homozygous familial or polygenic hypercholesterolemia, a
mutation in LDL receptors.
Secondary dyslipidemia Secondary dyslipidemia is caused by
lifestyle factors or medical conditions that interfere with blood lipid
levels over time.

10. Common causes of secondary dyslipidemia
include:
obesity, especially excess weight around the waist diabetes
hypothyroidism alcohol use disorder, also known as
alcoholism polycystic ovary syndrome metabolic syndrome
excessive consumption of fats, especially saturated and
trans fats Cushing's syndrome inflammatory bowel disease,
commonly known as IBS severe infections, such as HIV an
abdominal aortic aneurysm

11. Risk factors
Several factors are known to increase the chances of
developing dyslipidaemia and related conditions.
These risk factors include: obesity a sedentary
lifestyle lack of regular physical exercise alcohol use tobacco
use use of illegal or illicit drugs sexually transmitted infections
type 2 diabetes hypothyroidism chronic kidney or liver
conditions digestive condition solder age a diet rich in
saturated and trans fats a parent or grandparent with
dyslipidemia female sex, as women tend to experience higher
LDL levels after menopause

12. Diagnosis
A simple blood test that checks for LDL, HDL, and triglycerides will
reveal whether your levels are high, low, or in a healthy range.
These numbers can change from year to year, so getting annual
blood work is a good idea. If take medications for dyslipidermia
more frequent blood tests

13. Treatment
Treatment for dyslipidemia will usually involve taking medication.
usually focus on lowering a person’s levels of triglycerides and LDL.
However, treatment can vary, depending on the underlying cause of
dyslipidemia and how severe it is. prescribe one or more lipid-
modifying medications for people with very high total cholesterol
levels of at least 200 milligrams per deciliter of blood. High
cholesterol is usually treated with statins, which interfere with the
production of cholesterol in the liver.

14. If statins fail to lower LDL and triglyceride levels, recommend
additional medications,
including: ezetimibe(zetia)
Niacin fibrates
(like fenofibrate/fenoglide)
bile acid sequestrants
evolocumab and
alirocumablomitapide
and
mipomersenPCSK9 inhibitor

15. Some lifestyle changes and supplements can help to encourage
healthy blood lipid levels. Natural treatments include: reducing the
consumption of unhealthy fats, such as those found in red meats,
full-fat dairy products, refined carbohydrates, chocolate, chips, and
fried foods exercising regularly maintaining a healthy body weight,
by losing weight if necessary reducing or avoiding alcohol
consumption quitting smoking and other use of tobacco products
avoiding sitting for long periods of time increasing consumption of
healthy polyunsaturated fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds,
legumes, fish, whole grains, and olive oil taking omega-3 oil, either
as a liquid or in capsule seating plenty of dietary fiber from whole
fruits, vegetables, and whole grains getting at least 6– 8 hours of
sleep a night drinking plenty of water

16. Treatment of dyslipidemia during pregnancy
Lifestyle modifications Physical activity is effective in preventing
gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension.The average
triglyceride level, of any kind, is lower in women who are physically
active. For diet therapy, it is difficult to make a definitive conclusion
and additional studies are required.Omega-3 fatty acidOmega-3
fatty acids are elements of the diet and are not considered to
increase adverse effects during pregnancy.There are insufficient
data to recommend omega-3 fatty acid supplements instead of fish
intake to normal pregnant women.

17. However, supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid is
recommended in pregnant women who do not usually eat fish at
all.
Statins
Statins are contraindicated during pregnancy. Statins are not
thought to increase fetal anomalies during pregnancy. Statin
therapy is not recommended during pregnancy because there is
no evidence that dyslipidemia treatment is beneficial to pregnant
women or that cholesterol is required for the growth of embryo
during pregnancy. A woman who is planning pregnancy or is
already pregnant, should stop statins, if she is taking statins.

18. THANK U…..
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