This is a detailed study on diabetic foot a condition usually seen on patients with diabetics. this may become complicated according to the severity of the condition and diabetes , ideal management is needed with drugs sometimes surgical methods. this case study will give a detailed study about diabetic foot ............... the treatment, diagnosis , management, patient counselling, pharmacist intervention, pathophysiology etc Please leave a comment if you visited this thank u

1. • A CASE STUDY ON
• DIABETIC FOOT
PREPARED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
Pharm d

2. PATIENT DEMOGRAPHY
• Patient name –Mr. x OP no. –163008
• Admission date- 03-12- 19
• Age-69
• Sex-m
• Department- Endocrinology

3. GENERAL EXAMINATIONS
1. Physical examination: patient conscious and coherent
Vital signs:
Temperature (o F): afebrile
Pulse rate (/min): 90beats
Blood Pressure (mm of Hg):130/90mm of Hg
RR:21/min
2. Systems Examination:
CVS: S1, S2 +
RS: NVBSP

4. CHIEF COMPLAINTS;
Breathlessness for the past 2 days and ulcers in the B/L foot.
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
Breathlessness (grade 1) for past 2 days
No h/o palpitation , chest pain swelling of legs
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
K/C/O type 2 DM & HTN for the past 4 years, patient was taking medications & stopped before 8 months.
Not a K/C/O BA/TB/IHD/EPILEPSY
ALLERGY :(food/drug/other)
No known allergies.
PERSONAL HISTORY AND HABITS:
Diet: Mixed
Sleep: normal
FAMILY HISTORY:
Nothing significant.

5. S.
No
Parameter Value Normal range
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
1 HEAMOGLOBIN 10.1g/dl 13-17g/dl
2 DC P-41.6 L-286 E-2 M-5 B-0.4 P-40-60 L-20-40 E-1-6 M-2-6
3 WBC 6150 cells/ cumm 4000-11000 cells/cumm
4 PCV 30.8% 37-46%
RENAL PROFILE
5 FBS 200 mg/dl 70-110mg/dl
6 BUN 17 mg/dl 7-18 mg/dl
7 CREATININE 0.9mg/dl 0.6-1.3mg/dl
8 SODIUM 139mmol/l 134-144mmol/dl
9 POTASSIUM 3.6mmol/dl 3.5-5mmol/dl
10 CHLORIDE 103mmol/l 96-108mmol/dl
11 BICARBONATE 26mmol/dl 21-28mmol/dl
LAB INVESTIGATIONS

6. LIVER FUNCTION TEST
Total bilirubin 0.4mg/dl 0.1-1mg/dl
Direct bilirubin 0.1mgldl 0-0.3mg/dl
SGPT 32U/L 0-35U/L
SGOT 40U/L 0-35U/L
PROTEIN 6.5 6.4-8.2
ALBUMIN 4.1 3.4-5
GLOBULIN 4.6 2-3.5

7. SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION
A 69 years old MALE patient was consulted with the complaints of breathlessness
(grade 1) for the past two days and ulcers in the B/L leg .
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION
On Examination, the patient was conscious & coherent. Lab data reveals that elevated
blood glucose level and SGPT along with this parameters such as haemoglobin and PCV
found to be decreased.
ASSESSMENT:
Based on subjective & objective evaluation the physician confirmed it as
Diabetic foot ulcer.
SOAP NOTES

8. CONFIRMATORY DIAGNOSIS;
DIABETIC FOOT

9. DRUG CHART
Si
no
Drugs Dose Route Frequency Duration
1 Inj . Human mixtrad ( insulin ) 30/70
100[iU] in 1mL
sc 1-1-1 5days
2 T . Neurobion forte ( vit B12) 2g oral 1-0-1 5 days
3 Inj . TT 0.5 cc IV Stat -
4 Tab . Tramadol 100 mg oral 1-0-1 5 days
5 Tab . Pantocid 40 mg Oral 1-0-0 5 days
6. Cream diafoot sb --- Topical 2-3 times a day 2 weeks

10. Inj. Human mixtrad (insulin) :
it is used to reduce the blood glucose level it should be administered once daily
subcutaneously before food . It may produce hypoglycaemia. If the dose increase do change
the site of injection since, it occur some local fibrosis or allergic reactions .
T. Neurobioneforte {vitamin B4 +vitamin B6+vitamin B6}:
It is a mixture of multi vitamin . It should be taken twice daily after food .it may produce
drowsiness and numbness of feet.
Inj . Tetanus toxoid {TT} :
It is a drug used to control infection . It promote active immunity it may produce swelling of
lips or tongue .
Inj . Pantocid :
it is an antiulcer drug it is administered once daily for 5 days . It may produce sweating
dizziness ,or dry mouth.
Inj . Tramadol :
it s used to relive pain . It is administered twice daily before food for 5 days . It may produce
sweating dizziness or dry mouth .
REGARDING MEDICATION

11. - Diafoot SB Cream can be applied externally from knee to toe 2- 3 times a day or
as directed by the physician
- Before application, wash your foot with warm water and dry properly
- Diafoot SB Cream contains Allantoin Topical, Dimethicone Topical, Liquid Paraffin
Topical, Propylene Glycol Topical, Shea Butter and Urea Topical as active
ingredients. It helps to treat the affected skin without affecting serum
osmolality. It also softens the hyperkeratosis areas.

12. PHARMACIST INTERVENTIONS
1. The prescription was rational.
2. No DDI or ADRs were found

13. PATIENT COUNSELLING-
Instructions for the patient.
Tips to Take Care of Your Feet
•Check your feet every day.
•Wash your feet every day.
•Smooth corns and calluses gently.
•Trim your toenails straight across.
•Wear shoes and socks at all times.
•Protect your feet from hot and cold.
•Keep the blood flowing to your feet.
•Get a foot check at every health care visit

14. DISCUSSION
A diabetic foot is a foot that exhibits any pathology that results directly
from diabetes mellitus or any long-term (or "chronic") complication
of diabetes mellitus.
Over time, diabetes may cause nerve damage, also
called diabetic neuropathy, that can cause tingling and pain, and can make you
lose feeling in your feet. When you lose feeling in your feet, you may not feel a
pebble inside your sock or a blister on your foot, which can lead to cuts and
sores. Cuts and sores can become infected.
Diabetes also can lower the amount of blood flow in your feet. Not having
enough blood flowing to your legs and feet can make it hard for a sore or an
infection to heal. Sometimes, a bad infection never heals. The infection might
lead to gangrene.

15. DIABETIC FOOT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY