Using Web Archives for Studying Cultural Heritage Collaborative Platforms
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In the last few years, cultural institutions have launched several experiments in order to transform their registers into transparent, open and participative documents available on the web. All these platforms introduce new ways of collaborative management of cultural heritage through the creation of participative pages corresponding to the inventory records directly on Wikipedia or on ad hoc platforms. This communication aims at studying these new forms of collaborative management of cultural heritage based on the use of wiki platforms. Past studies on this topic are organized mainly around two poles: analyses of computer and technical solutions, on the one hand, and researches on changes in the relationship between institutions and publics, on the other hand. Differently, this study is meant to focus on cultural heritage and notably on the collaborative digital writing around heritage objects that take shape on the web. Our ideal goal would be to study, through a historical perspective, how cultural heritage objects included in these inventories have evolved in the last few years as an effect of their opening on the web through wiki platforms. The objects will not be considered in relation to the inventory record, but as digital objects resulting from the editorialization processes involving heritage professionals, but also other users of the web.
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Using Web Archives for Studying Cultural Heritage Collaborative Platforms
- 1. Using Web Archives for Studying Cultural Heritage Collaborative Platforms Marta Severo, Université Paris Nanterre, Dicen-idf
- 2. Contents 1. The context: citizen (cyber)science (CS) and cultural heritage 2. Empirical analysis: CS platforms in web archives 3. Learning from failure: what should web archives store of CS projects?
- 3. Citizen Science NATURE|Vol 466|5 August 2010
- 4. Citizen science today Source: Haklay, M. (2012)
- 7. Participatory levels of citizen science Source: Haklay 2012 • Crowdsourcing Citizens as sensors / Volunteered computing Level 1 • Distributed intelligence Citizens as basic interpreters/Volunteered thinking Level 2 • Participatory science Participation in problem definition and data collection Level 3 • Extreme Citizen Science Collaborative science – citizens are involved at all stages Level 4
- 8. Types of projects Contributory projects, designed by scientists and members of the public primarily contribute data Collaborative projects, designed by scientists and members of the public contribute data but may help in project design, analysis, or dissemination Co-created projects, designed by scientists and members of the public working together and at least some of the public participants are actively involved in most/all steps of the scientific process Bonney, Ballard, Jordan, McCallie, Phillips, Shirk, & Wilderman. 2009. Public Participation in Scientific Research PARTICIPATION Scientist/Expert Public/Citizen
- 9. Cultural heritage sector Type Object Tool Contributory projects Crowdsourcing Transcription Image recognition Collaborative projects Folksonomies/Categoris ation tagging software ontologies web semantics Co-created projects Object definition Wikis Wikipedia
- 10. Empirical analysis in web archives • Sources: Wayback Machine, BNF archives • Methods: Digital ethnography, qualitative analysis • Initial corpus: 7 CS projects – ICH Scotland – Finnish ICH archvie – IconoLab – JocondeLab – PCI Lab (on Wikipedia) – Argonnaute of BDIC – Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
- 12. Collaborative project: JocondeLab 9 March 2016, 14 captures9 March 2016, 28 captures
- 13. Co-created project: ICH Scotland Wiki
- 14. ICH Scotland in web archives 33 captures between 2010 and 2015 2 captures between 2010 and 2015 17 captures (2015-2017) 7 captures (2015-2017) 3 captures (2015-2017)
- 15. Learning from failure • Is this material enough to draw the history of these websites? • Which is the relevant information in CS website? • How web archive can/should manage participation?
- 16. Crowdcrafting
- 17. Crowdcrafting in web archives 11 September 2016 5 December 2016 5 December 2016
- 18. Crowdcrafting in web archives 1 October 2014
- 19. Crowdcrafting in web archives 30 November 2012
- 20. Galaxy Zoo
- 21. Galaxy Zoo in web archives 12 July 2007, 967 captures
- 22. Tela-botanica in web archives 2000 2008 2017
- 23. What it is archived • Homepage interface • Contribution interface • Help/Tutorials for volunteers • Statistics • Presentation of the project • Categorisation
- 24. Web archives and levels of participation Type What is archived What is not be archived Contributory projects Homepage Contribution interface, Help Presentation Object records (archived somewhere else) Collaborative projects Homepage Contribution interface, Help Presentation Categories Tagging/Folksonomies Object records (archived somewhere else) Co-created projects Homepage Presentation Categories (sometimes) Contribution interface (login) Object records Co-creation history
- 25. Conclusions • Web archives are useful for carrying out a STS approach: reflecting on the epistemic model of of participatory websites • Archiving “participation” needs a theoretical reflection on what has to be archived • Today web archives are useful for drawing the history of contributory and collaborative projects • Archiving co-created project is still an open issue
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Introduction > objectifs of the communication
- Definition of citizen science Irvin definition (1995) IRWIN, Alan. Citizen science: A study of people, expertise and sustainable development. a form of science (i) which assists the needs and concerns of citizens” and (ii) “a form of science developed and enacted by citizens themselves Citizen science is the active contribution of people who are not professional scientists to science. It provides volunteers with the opportunity to contribute intellectually to the research of others, to share resources or tools at their disposal, or even to start their own research projects. Volunteers provide real value to ongoing research while they themselves acquire a better understanding of the scientific method. Explosion of citizen science Impact on the sector of cultural heritage Premessa (non esperta degli archivi del web) ma di piattaforme partecipativi e dello studio di fenomeni sociali attraverso il web > Necessità di condurre uno studio diacronico di questo oggetto digital native
- Passive sensing Volenteer computing Volunteer thinking Haklay, M. (2012). Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information – overview and typology of participation in Sui, D.Z., Elwood, S. and M.F. Goodchild (eds.), 2012. Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice. Berlin: Springer. pp 105-122. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007- 4587-2_7
- World Community Grid (WCG) is an effort to create the world's largest public computing grid to tackle scientific research projects that benefit humanity.[5] Launched on November 16, 2004, it is co-ordinated by IBM with client software currently available for Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android operating systems.[6][7][8] Using the idle time of computers around the world, World Community Grid's research projects have analyzed aspects of the human genome, HIV, dengue, muscular dystrophy, cancer, influenza, Ebola, virtual screening, rice crop yields, and clean energy.
- CrowdCrafting is a free, open-source crowd-sourcing and micro-tasking platform powered by the PyBossa software. This platform enables people to create and run projects that utilise online assistance in performing tasks that require human cognition such as image classification, transcription, geocoding and more. Galaxy Zoo is a crowdsourced astronomy project which invites people to assist in the morphological classification of large numbers of galaxies It is an example of citizen science as it enlists the help of members of the public to help in scientific research.[5][6] There have been 13 versions as of October 2016, most of which are outlined in this article. Galaxy Zoo is part of the Zooniverse, a group of citizen science projects. An outcome of the project is to better determine the different aspects of objects and to separate them into classifications.
- Haklay’s (2012) scheme classifies citizen science projects based on the depth of their engagement with volunteers, within a four-level framework of participation (see Figure 2). The least participatory projects are termed ‘crowdsourcing’ and use volunteers simply as a means to collect data from distributed sensors, or to provide computing power. Level 2 projects include well-known examples of citizen science, including Galaxy Zoo and eBird (an online birding project), which may provide participants with some basic skills before asking them to collect and potentially interpret data. At Level 3, participants are more involved in steering the direction of the research. The most participatory are referred to as ‘extreme citizen science’, where citizens are involved at all stages in the development of the project and work to achieve their own goals. Extreme citizen science can include projects where citizens are the driving force behind the research and professional scientists are not involved at all. This classification scheme is not intended to encourage judgments about how good specific projects are, based on their level of engagement, but Haklay (2012) suggests that participants will benefit most from projects that operate at the highest levels of engagement as appropriate to their aims. Extreme Citizen Science Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world. Technologies, methodologies & activities - separating them is harder than you’d think!
- Resource : https://www.slideshare.net/mukih/citizen-science-theory-practice-policy-workshop
- They don’t want the all thing Just what people look at / what people do Crowdsourcing: transcription, image recognition
- Steve.Museum
- More general question: which are the information that we need to draw the history a project of citizen science ? Not methodological, but epistemological > which are the relevant items in a project of citizen science
- CrowdCrafting is a free, open-source crowd-sourcing and micro-tasking platform powered by the PyBossa software. This platform enables people to create and run projects that utilise online assistance in performing tasks that require human cognition such as image classification, transcription, geocoding and more.
- In this case we have several interesting information: The evlution of the project The categorisation of the projects Partially the interface for contribution Help for volunteers
- Quite complete over time : - Changes in interface (progress bar, results of the crodwsourcing, login)
- Galaxy Zoo is a crowdsourced astronomy project which invites people to assist in the morphological classification of large numbers of galaxies It is an example of citizen science as it enlists the help of members of the public to help in scientific research.[5][6] There have been 13 versions as of October 2016, most of which are outlined in this article. Galaxy Zoo is part of the Zooniverse, a group of citizen science projects. An outcome of the project is to better determine the different aspects of objects and to separate them into classifications.
- 358 captures Support pages
- Create memories that we have the capacity to treat it