Basics of computer hardware.

1. Computer Hardware Basics

2. Input Device

3. An input device is any peripheral (piece of
computer hardware equipment) used to provide
data and control signals to an information
processing system (such as a computer).
Input Device

4. Output Device

5. An output device is any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate
the results of data processing carried out
by an information processing system (such
as a computer) to the outside world.
Output Device

6. Communication Device

7. Communication Device

8. System Unit

9. A system unit, also known as a base unit, is the main body of a
desktop computer, typically consisting of an enclosure containing
the motherboard, power supply, cooling fans, internal disk drives,
and the memory modules and expansion cards that are plugged
into the motherboard, such as video and network cards.
System Unit

10. MotherBoard

11. The main circuit board of a microcomputer.
The motherboard contains the connectors
for attaching additional boards. Typically,
the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS,
memory, mass storage interfaces, USB
ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers
required to control standard peripheral
devices, such as the display screen,
keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all
these chips that reside on the motherboard
are known as the motherboard's chipset.
MotherBoard

12. System Clock

13. The system clock determines the clock speed
of the computer which is the speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions. Every
computer contains an internal clock that
regulates the rate at which instructions are
executed and synchronizes all the various
computer components.
System Clock

14. Primary Storage
Rom Ram
BIOS

15. Primary storage, presently known as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The
CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. All computers have
primary storage.
ROM (read-only memory): Computers almost
always contain a small amount of read-only
memory that holds instructions for starting up the
computer. Unlike RAM, ROM cannot be written to
RAM (random access memory), a type
of computer memory that can be
accessed randomly; that is, any byte of
memory can be accessed without
touching the preceding bytes. RAM is
the most common type of memory
found in computers and other devices,
such as printers.The BIOS is boot firmware,
designed to be the first code run by
a PC when powered on. The initial
function of the BIOS is to identify,
test, and initialize system devices
such as the video display card,
hard disk, and other hardware.
Primary Storage
Rom Ram
BIOS

16. Secondary Storage

17. Secondary storage is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer must transfer the desired data
into primary storage before it can use it. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is
powered down—it is non-volatile. It is typically also much less expensive and can hold than primary
storage. Consequently, modern computer systems typically have an order of magnitude more secondary
storage than primary storage and data is kept for a longer time there.
In modern computers, hard disks are usually used as secondary storage.
Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB sticks or keys),
floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punch cards, standalone RAM disks, and Zip drives.
Secondary Storage

18. CPU

19. Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters. The
CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central
processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations
take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a
computer system.
CPU

20. Bus

21. A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.
You can think of a bus as a highway on which data travels within a computer. When used in
reference to personal computers, the term bus usually refers to internal bus. This is a bus that
connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and main memory. There's also an
expansion bus that enables expansion boards to access the CPU and memory.
Examples include PCI and PCI express for expansion boards and SATA for hard drives.
Bus

22. External

23. ExternalA bus that connects a computer to peripheral devices. The most commonly used
external bus is the Universal Serial Bus (USB) but there is also Thunderbolt, Firewire
and eSATA (External SATA).

24. An expansion card (also expansion board, adapter card or accessory card) in computing is a
printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard
to add additional functionality to a computer system. Examples include video cards, sound
cards, network cards, TV tuner cards.
Expansion Cards

25. Desktop Vs Server

26. • Designating a machine or hardwareas "server
hardware“ or "server-class hardware" implies
that it is more powerful and more importantly
more reliable thanstandard personal computer
or components
Desktop Vs Server