Building AR and VR Experiences

BUILDING AR AND VR
EXPERIENCES
Mark Billinghurst
mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au
May 10th – 13th, 2016
Xi’an, China

Mark Billinghurst
▪  University of South Australia
▪  Past Director of HIT Lab NZ,
University of Canterbury
▪  PhD Univ. Washington
▪  Research on AR, mobile HCI,
Collaborative Interfaces
▪  More than 300 papers in AR, VR,
interface design

AR/VR Course
• Lectures
•  2:30 - 4:30 pm everyday
•  Lectures/hands-on
• Logistics
•  Bring your own laptop if possible
•  Use Android phone
•  Share computer/phone
• Material
•  All material available for download

What You Will Learn
• AR/VR fundamentals + history
• Basics of Unity Programming
• How to make Panorama VR Applications
• How to create VR Scenes
• How to add Interactivity to VR Applications
• Using the Vuforia AR tracking library
• Creating AR scenes
• Adding AR interactivity
• Design guidelines
• Research directions

Schedule
• Tuesday May 10th
•  Introduction, Learning Unity, Building 360 VR scenes
• Wednesday May 11th
•  Creating 3D scenes, adding interactivity, good design
• Thursday May 12th
•  Introduction to AR, Vuforia basics, building AR scenes
•  Field trip to ARA demo space
• Friday May 13th
•  Adding interactivity, advanced AR tracking, research

ARA Demos
Hololens
CoolGlass
HTC Vive And more …

A Brief History ofTime
• Trend
•  smaller, cheaper, more functions, more intimate
• Technology becomes invisible
•  Intuitive to use
•  Interface over internals
•  Form more important than function
•  Human centered design

A Brief History of Computing
• Trend
• smaller, cheaper, faster, more intimate, intelligent objects
• Computers need to become invisible
• hide the computer in the real world
•  Ubiquitous / Tangible Computing
• put the user inside the computer
•  Virtual Reality

Making Interfaces Invisible
Rekimoto, J. and Nagao, K. 1995. The world through the computer: computer augmented
interaction with real world environments. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM Symposium on
User interface and Software Technology. UIST '95. ACM, New York, NY, 29-36.

Graphical User Interfaces
• Separation between real and digital worlds
•  WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer) metaphor

Ubiquitous Computing
• Computing and sensing embedded in real world
•  Particle devices, RFID, motes, arduino, etc

Virtual Reality
• ImmersiveVR
• Head mounted display, gloves
• Separation from the real world

Augmented Reality
1977 – Star Wars

Augmented Reality Definition
• Defining Characteristics [Azuma 97]
• Combines Real andVirtual Images
• Both can be seen at the same time
• Interactive in real-time
• The virtual content can be interacted with
• Registered in 3D
• Virtual objects appear fixed in space
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385.

From Reality toVirtual Reality
Ubiquitous Computing Augmented Reality Virtual Reality

Milgram’s Reality-Virtuality continuum
Mixed Reality
Reality - Virtuality (RV) Continuum
Real
Environment
Augmented
Reality (AR)
Augmented
Virtuality (AV)
Virtual
Environment
"...anywhere between the extrema of the virtuality continuum."
P. Milgram and A. F. Kishino, Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays
IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E77-D(12), pp. 1321-1329, 1994.

Virtual Reality
Computer generated multi-sensory simulation of an
artificial environment that is interactive and immersive.

Building AR and VR Experiences

David Zeltzer’s AIP Cube
! Autonomy – User can to
react to events and stimuli.
! Interaction – User can
interact with objects and
environment.
! Presence – User feels
immersed through sensory
input and output channels
Interaction
Autonomy
Presence
VR
Zeltzer, D. (1992). Autonomy, interaction, and presence. Presence: Teleoperators
& Virtual Environments, 1(1), 127-132.

Key Technologies
• Autonomy
•  Head tracking, body input
•  Intelligent systems
• Interaction
•  User input devices, HCI
• Presence
•  Graphics/audio/multisensory output
•  Multisensory displays
•  Visual, audio, haptic, olfactory, etc

Early Experimenters (1950’s – 80’s)
Helig 1956
Sutherland 1965
Furness 1970’s

The First Wave (1980’s – 90’s)
NASA 1989
VPL 1990’s
Virtuality 1990’s

Jaron Lanier
•  Founded VPL, coined term “Virtual Reality”

Desktop VR - 1995
•  Expensive - $150,000+
•  2 million polys/sec
•  VGA HMD – 30 Hz
•  Magnetic tracking

Second Wave (2010 - )
• Palmer Luckey
•  HMD hacker
•  Mixed Reality Lab (MxR)
• Oculus Rift (2011 - )
•  2012 - $2.4 million kickstarter
•  2014 - $2B acquisition FaceBook
•  $350 USD, 110o FOV

Oculus Rift
Sony Morpheus
HTC/Valve Vive
2016 - Rise of Consumer HMDs

Desktop VR 2016
• Graphics Desktop
• $1,500 USD
• >4 Billion poly/sec
• $600 HMD
• 1080x1200, 90Hz
• Optical tracking
• Room scale

https://immersivelifeblog.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/vr_history.jpg

Mobile VR
CPU: 300 Mhz
HDD; 9GB
RAM: 512 mb
Camera: VGA 30fps
Graphics: 500K poly/sec
1998: SGI O2 2008: Nokia N95
CPU: 332 Mhz
HDD; 8GB
RAM: 128 mb
Camera: VGA 30 fps
Graphics: 2m poly/sec

Mobile Phone AR & VR
• Mobile Phone AR
• Mobile phone
• Live camera view
• Senor input (GPS, compass)
• Mobile Phone VR
• Mobile phone
• Senor input (compass)
• Additional VR viewer

VR2GO (2013)
•  MxR Lab
•  3D print VR viewer for mobiles
•  Open source hardware + software
•  http://projects.ict.usc.edu/mxr/diy/vr2go/

Multiple Mobile VR Viewers Available

Google Cardboard
• Released 2014 (Google 20% project)
• >5 million shipped/given away
• Easy to use developer tools
+ =

Cardboard
($2)
Lenses
($10)
Magnets
($6)
Velcro
($3)
Rubber
Band
(1¢)
Software
Components

Assembling the Cardboard Viewer

Version 1.0 vs Version 2.0
•  Version 1.0 – Android focused, magnetic switch, small phone
•  Version 2.0 – Touch input, iOS/Android, fits many phones

Many Different Cardboard Viewers

Cardboard App
• 7 default experiences
•  Earth: Fly on Google Earth
•  Tour Guide: Visit sites with guides
•  YouTube: Watch popular videos
•  Exhibit: Examine cultural artifacts
•  Photo Sphere: Immersive photos
•  Street View: Drive along a street
•  Windy Day: Interactive short story

100’s of Google Play Cardboard apps

Cardboard Camera
• Capture 360 panoramas
• Stitch together images on phone
• View in VR on Cardboard

Google Expeditions
• Teacher led VR experiences
• https://www.google.com/edu/expeditions/

Building Your Own Application
• Cardboard Viewer
•  https://www.google.com/get/cardboard/
• Smart phone
•  Android/iOS
• Cardboard SDK
•  iOS, Android, Unity
•  https://developers.google.com/cardboard/
• Unity game engine (optional)
•  https://unity3d.com
• Content

Cardboard SDK

Features:
1.  Lens distor-on correc-on.
2.  Head tracking.
3.  3D calibra-on.
4.  Side-by-side rendering.
5.  Stereo geometry conﬁgura-on.
6.  User input event handling.
Unity Cardboard SDK

Download and Install
•  Go to unity3d.com/download
•  Use Download Assistant – pick components you want

Getting Started
•  First time running Unity you’ll be asked to create a project
•  Specify project name and location
•  Can pick asset packages (pre-made content)

Unity Interface
•  Toolbar, Scene, Hierarchy, Project, Inspector

Building Scenes
• Use GameObjects:
•  Containers that hold different components
•  Eg 3D model, texture, animation
• Use Inspector
•  View and edit object properties and other settings
• Use Scene View
•  Position objects, camera, lights, other GameObjects etc
• Scripting
•  Adding interaction, user input, events, etc

GameObjects
•  Every object in Scene is a GameObject
•  GameObjects contain Components
•  Eg Transform Component, Camera Component

Adding 3D Content
•  Create 3D asset using modeling package, or download
•  Fbx, Obj file format for 3D models
•  Add file to Assets folder in Project
•  When project opened 3D model added to Project View
•  Drag mesh from Project View into Hierarchy or Scene View
•  Creates a game object

Positioning/Scaling Objects
•  Click on object and choose transform

Unity Asset Store
•  Download thousands models, scripts, animations, etc
•  https://www.assetstore.unity3d.com/

Making a Simple Scene
1.  Create New Project
2.  Create Game Object
3.  Moving main camera position
4.  Adding lights
5.  Adding more objects
6.  Adding physics
7.  Changing object materials
8.  Adding script behaviour

CreateProject
•  Create new folder and project

Create GameObject
•  Load a Sphere into the scene
•  GameObject -> 3D Object -> Sphere

Moving main camera
•  Select Main Camera
•  Select translate icon
•  Move camera

Add Light
•  GameObject -> Light -> Directional Light
•  Use inspector to modify light properties (colour, intensity)

Add Physics
•  Select Sphere
•  Add Rigidbody component
•  Add Component -> Physics -> RigidBody
•  or Component -> Physics -> RigidBody
•  Modify inspector properties (mass, drag, etc)

Add More Objects
•  Add several cubes
•  GameObject -> 3D Object – Cube
•  Move cube
•  Add Rigid Body component (uncheck gravity)

Add Material
•  Assets -> Create -> Material
•  Click Albedo colour box in inspector
•  Select colour
•  Drag asset onto object to apply

Add Script
•  Assets -> Create -> C# script
•  Edit script using Mono
•  Drag script onto Game Object

Example C# Script
GameObject Rotation
using UnityEngine; 
using System.Collections; 
 
public class spin : MonoBehaviour { 
 
    // Use this for initialization 
    void Start () { 
     
    } 
     
    // Update is called once per frame 
    void Update () { 
        this.gameObject.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up*10); 
    } 
} 
#

Scripting C# Unity 3D
•  void Awake():
•  Is called when the first scene is loaded and the game object is active
•  void Start():
•  Called on first frame update
•  void FixedUpdate():
•  Called before physics calculations are made
•  void Update():
•  Called every frame before rendering
•  void LateUpdate():
•  Once per frame after update finished

BUILDING AR AND VR
EXPERIENCES
Mark Billinghurst
May 10th – 13th
Xi’an
LECTURE 2: VR SCENES

Types of VR Experiences
• Immersive Spaces
•  360 Panorama’s/Movies
•  High visual quality
•  Limited interactivity
•  Changing viewpoint orientation
• Immersive Experiences
•  3D graphics
•  Lower visual quality
•  High interactivity
•  Movement in space
•  Interact with objects

Immersive Panorama
•  High quality 360 image or video surrounding user
•  User can turn head to see different views
•  Fixed position

Demo: Cardboard Camera
• Capture 360 panoramas
• Stitch together images on phone
• View in VR on Cardboard

Example Applications
• VRSE – Storytelling for VR
•  http://vrse.com/
•  High quality 360 VR content
• New York Times VR Experience
•  NYTVR application
•  Documentary experiences
• Vrideo
•  http://vrideo.com/
•  Streamed immersive movies

Capturing Panorama
• Stitching photos together
•  Image Composite Editor (Microsoft)
•  AutoPano (Kolor)
• Using 360 camera
•  Ricoh Theta-S
•  Fly360

Image Composite Editor (Microsoft)
•  Free panorama stitching tool
•  http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/projects/ice/

AutoPano (Kolor)
•  Finds image from panoramas and stitches them together
•  http://www.kolor.com/autopano/

Steps to Make Immersive Panorama
1.  Create a new project
2.  Load the Cardboard SDK
3.  Load a panorama image asset
4.  Create a Skymap
5.  Add to VR scene
6.  Deploy to mobile phone
Need
•  Google Cardboard SDK Unity package
•  Android SDK to install on Android phone

Load Cardboard SDK
•  Assets -> Import Package -> Custom Package
•  Navigate to CardboardSDKForUnity.unitypackage
•  Uncheck iOS (for Android build)

Load Cardboard Main Camera
•  Drag CardboardMain prefab into Hierarchy
•  Assets -> Cardboard -> Prefab
•  Delete CameraMain

Panorama Image Asset
•  Find/create suitable panorama image
•  Ideally 2K or higher resolution image
•  Google “Panorama Image Cubemap”

Add Image Asset to Project
•  Assets -> Import Asset
•  Select desired image
•  Set Texture Type to
Cubemap
•  Set mapping to Latitude-
Longitude (Cylindrical)

Create Skybox Material
•  Assets -> Create -> Material
•  Name material
•  Set Shader to Skybox -> Cubemap
•  Drag texture to cubemap

Create Skybox
•  Window -> Lighting
•  Drag Skybox material into
Skypebox form

One Last Thing..
•  CardboardMain -> Head -> Main Camera
•  Set Clear Flags to Skybox

Test It Out
•  Hit play, use alt/option key + mouse to look around

Deploy to Mobile (Android)
1.  Plug phone into USB
• make sure device in debug mode
2.  Set correct build settings
3.  Player settings
• Other settings
•  Set Bundle Idenitfier -> com.Company.ProductName
• Resolution and Presentation
•  Default Orientation -> Landscape Left
4.  Build and run

Deploying to Phone
1.  Plug phone into USB
2.  Open Build Settings
3.  Change Target platform to Android
4.  Select Player Settings
5.  Resolution and Presentation
•  Default Orientation -> Landscape Left
6.  Under Other Settings
•  Edit Bundle Identifier – eg com.UniSA.cubeTest
•  Minimum API level
7.  Build and Run
•  Select .apk file name

Running on Phone
•  Droid@Screen View on Desktop

Making Immersive Movie
•  Create movie texture
•  Convert 360 video to .ogg or ,mp4 file
•  Add video texture as asset
•  Make Sphere
•  Equirectangular UV mapping
•  Inward facing normals
•  Move camera to centre of sphere
•  Texture map video to sphere
•  Easy Movie Texture ($65)
•  Apply texture to 3D object
•  For 3D 360 video
•  Render two Spheres
•  http://bernieroehl.com/360stereoinunity/

BUILDING AR AND VR
EXPERIENCES
Mark Billinghurst
May 10th – 13th
Xi’an
LECTURE 3: 3D SCENES

3D Virtual Environments
• Viewing content in true 3D
• Moving/interacting with scene

Example: Cardboard Tuscany Drive
• Place viewer inside 3D scene
• Navigate by head pointing

Key Steps
1.  Creating a new project
2.  Load Cardboard SDK
3.  Replace camera with CardboardMain
4.  Loading in 3D asset packages
5.  Loading a SkyDome
6.  Adding a plane floor

New Project
•  Camera replaced with CameraMain

Download Model Package
•  Magic Lamp from 3dFoin
•  Search on Asset store

Load Asset + Add to Scene
•  Look for MagicLamp.unitypackage (If not installed already)
•  Drag MagicLamp_LOD0 to Hierarchy
•  Position and rotate

Import SkySphere package
•  SkySphere Volume1 on Asset store
•  Import SkySphere package

Add SkySphere to Scene
•  Drag Skyball_WithoutCap into Hierarchy
•  SkySphere_V1 -> Meshes
•  Rotate and Scale as needed

Add Ground Plane
•  GameObject -> 3D Object -> Plane
•  Set Scale X to 2.0, Z to 2.0

Testing View
•  Use alt/option key plus mouse to rotate view

Adding More Assets
•  Load from Asset store – look for free assets

Moving through space
• Move through looking
•  Look at target to turn on/off moving
• Button/tapping screen
• Being in a vehicle (e.g. Roller Coaster)

Adding Movement
Goal: Move in direction user looking when
Cardboard Button pressed or screen touched
• Key Steps
1.  Start with static screen
2.  Create movement script
3.  Add movement script to Camera head
4.  Deploy to mobile

Create Movement Script
•  Add new script object
•  Assets -> Create -> C# Script
•  Edit script in Mono

Add Script to Scene
•  Drag Script onto Head object
•  CameraboardMain -> Head
•  Uncheck Track Position Box
•  Adjust movement speed

Gaze Interaction
• Cause events to happen when looking at objects
•  Look at target shoot it

Steps
• Add physics ray caster
• Casts a ray from camera
• Add function to object to respond to gaze
• Eg particle effect
• Add event trigger to object
• Add event system to scene
• Add collider object to target object

Adding Physics Raycaster
• Select Main Camera
•  CardboardMain -> Head -> Main Camera
• Add Physics Raycaster Component
•  Add component -> Physics Raycaster

Add Gaze Function
•  Select target object (Lamp)
•  Add component -> script
•  Add stareAtLamp() public function

Add Event Trigger
•  Select Target Object (Lamp)
•  Add component
•  EventTriger
•  Add New Event Type -> PointerExit
•  Add object to event
•  Hit ‘+’ tag
•  Drag Lamp object to box under RuntimeOn
•  Select Function to run
•  Select function list -> scroll to stareAtLamp

Adding Event System
• Need Event System for trigger to work
• Select Lamp object
•  UI -> Event System
• Add gazeInputModule
•  Add component -> Cardboard -> Gaze Input Module

Add Collider to Object
•  Need to detect when target being looked at
•  Select Lamp Object
•  Add Sphere Collider
•  Add component -> Sphere Collider (type in “Sphere”)
•  Adjust position and radius of Sphere Collider if needed

Add Gaze Event
• Particles triggered looking at lamp
• Add particle system
•  Add Component -> Particle System
•  Pick colour
•  set Emission rate to 0
• Add code to stareAtLamp() function
•  GetComponent<ParticleSystem>().Emit(10);
•  Turns particle system on when looked at

Gaze Demo
•  Particles launched from Lamp when looked at

Adding More Interactivity
•  Load Cardboard Demo application
•  Load CardboardDemoForUnity.unitypackage
•  Launch Demo Scene
•  Assets -> Cardboard -> DemoScene

Features Shown
•  Gaze reticle + selection
•  Viewpoint teleportation
•  Menu panel overlay
•  Audio feedback
•  Event system

Google Design Guidelines
• Google’s Guidelines for good VR experiences:
•  Physiological Considerations
•  Interactive Patterns
•  Setup
•  Controls
•  Feedback
•  Display Reticle
•  From http://www.google.com/design/spec-vr/designing-
for-google-cardboard/a-new-dimension.html

Physiological Considerations
• Factors to Consider
•  Head tracking
•  User control of movement
•  Use constant velocity
•  Grounding with fixed objects
•  Brightness changes

Interactive Patterns - Setup
• Setup factors to consider:
• Entering and exiting
• Headset adaptation
• Full Screen mode
• API calls
• Indicating VR apps

Interactive Patterns - Controls
• Use fuze buttons for selection in VR

Interactive Patterns - Feedback
• Use audio and haptic feedback
• Reduce visual overload
• Audio alerts
• 3D spatial sound
• Phone vibrations

Interactive Patterns - Display Reticle
•  Easier for users to target objects with a display reticle
•  Can display reticle only when near target object
•  Highlight objects (e.g. with light source) that user can target

Cardboard Design Lab Application
•  Use Cardboard Design Lab app to explore design ideas

BUILDING AR AND VR
EXPERIENCES
Mark Billinghurst
May 10th – 13th
Xi’an
LECT. 4: AUGMENTED REALITY

1977 – StarWars –Augmented Reality

•  Put AR pictures here
Augmented Reality Examples

Summary
• Augmented Reality has three key features
• AR can be classified alongside other technologies
• Milgram’s Mixed Reality continuum

Augmented Reality Definition
• Defining Characteristics
• Display Technology
• Interaction Technology
• Tracking Technology

Display Technologies
" Types (Bimber/Raskar 2003)
" Head attached
•  Head mounted display/projector
" Body attached
•  Handheld display/projector
" Spatial
•  Spatially aligned projector/monitor

Objects Registered in 3D
• Registration
• Positioning virtual object wrt real world
• Tracking
• Continually locating the users viewpoint
•  Position (x,y,z), Orientation (r,p,y)

Tracking Technologies
#  Active
•  Mechanical, Magnetic, Ultrasonic
•  GPS, Wifi, cell location
#  Passive
•  Inertial sensors (compass, accelerometer, gyro)
•  Computer Vision
•  Marker based, Natural feature tracking
#  Hybrid Tracking
•  Combined sensors (eg Vision + Inertial)

Tracking Types
Magnetic
Tracker
Inertial
Tracker
Ultrasonic
Tracker
Optical
Tracker
Marker-Based
Tracking
Markerless
Tracking
Specialized
Tracking
Edge-Based
Tracking
Template-Based
Tracking
Interest Point
Tracking
Mechanical
Tracker

• Interface Components
• Physical components
• Display elements
• Visual/audio
• Interaction metaphors
Physical
Elements
Display
ElementsInteraction
MetaphorInput Output
AR Interface Elements

AR Design Space
Reality Virtual Reality
Augmented Reality
Physical Design Virtual Design

•  Web based AR
•  Flash, HTML 5 based AR
•  Marketing, education
•  Outdoor Mobile AR
•  GPS, compass tracking
•  Viewing Points of Interest in real world
•  Eg: Junaio, Layar, Wikitude
•  Handheld AR
•  Vision based tracking
•  Marketing, gaming
•  Location Based Experiences
•  HMD, fixed screens
•  Museums, point of sale, advertising
Typical AR Experiences

CityViewARApplication
•  Visualize Christchurch before the earthquakes

User Experience
• MultipleViews
• MapView,ARView, ListView
• Multiple Data Types
• 2D images, 3D content, text, panoramas

Warp Runner
• Puzzle solving game
• Deform real world terrain

Demo:colAR
• Turn colouring books pages into AR scenes
• Markerless tracking, use your own colours..
• Try it yourself: http://www.colARapp.com/

What Makes a GoodAR Experience?
• Compelling
• Engaging,‘Magic’ moment
• Intuitive, ease of use
• Uses existing skills
• Anchored in physical world
• Seamless combination of real and digital

USING VUFORIA
Mark Billinghurst

What you will learn
•  Introduction to Vuforia
•  Platform and features
•  How to install/set-up Vuforia
•  Vuforia Basics
•  Marker Tracking, Object tracking
•  Deploying to Mobile Device
•  Android, iOS

Vuforia Overview
•  Platform for Mobile Computer Vision
•  https://www.qualcomm.com/products/vuforia
•  Released by Qualcomm in 2010, acquired by PTC 2015
•  Used by over 200K developers, >20K applications
•  Main Features:
•  Recognition
•  Image, text, object recognition
•  Tracking
•  Image, marker, scene, object

Vuforia Provides
•  Android
•  iOS
•  Unity Extension
Device SDK
•  Target Management System
•  App Development Guide
•  Vuforia Web Services
Tools & Services
•  Dedicated technical support
engineers
•  Thousands of posts
Support Forum

Tracking Targets
Image
Object
Environment

Download Vuforia for Unity SDK
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/downloads/sdk

Download Samples
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/downloads/samples

Installing Vuforia Unity Extension
• Create new Unity Project
• Import the Vuforia Unity Extension
•  Double clicking the *.unitypackage file
•  Eg vuforia-unity-5-0-6.unitypackage
•  Manually install package
• The extension archive will self install
•  folders, plugins and libraries, etc

Unity Asset Structure
•  Editor - Contains the scripts required to
interact with Target data in the Unity editor
•  Plugins - Contains Java and native binaries
that integrate the Vuforia AR SDK with the
Unity Android or Unity iOS application
•  Vuforia - Contains the prefabs and scripts
required to bring AR to your application
•  Streaming Assets / QCAR - Contains the
Device Database configuration XML and
DAT files from the online Target Manager

Setting up a Vuforia Project
• Register as Developer
• Create a Project
• Obtain a License Key
• Load Vuforia package into Unity
• Add license key to AR Camera
• Add Tracking Targets
• Move ImageTarget into Scene
• Add sample object to ImageTarget

Register as Developer
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/user/register

Download Vuforia Packages
•  Go to download URL – log in
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/downloads/sdk
•  Download Current SDK for Unity
•  vuforia-unity-5-5-9.unitypackage
•  Download Core Features Sample
•  vuforia-samples-core-unity-5-5-9.zip

Create License Key
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/targetmanager/licenseManager/licenseListing

Obtain a License Key
•  Vuforia 5.5 apps utilize a license key that uniquely identifies
each app. License keys are created in the License Manager
•  The steps to creating a new license key are..
•  Choose a SDK
•  Choose a licensing option based on your requirements
•  Provide your Billing Information if you've chosen to use a paid license
•  Obtain your license Key

License Key Generated – Save This

Load Vuforia Package
•  Open Unity
•  Load package
•  Load vuforia-unity-5-5-9 (or current version)
•  Note:
•  On Windows Vuforia only works with 32 bit version of Unity
•  You may need to download Unity 32 version to work

Add License Key to Vuforia Project
•  Open ARCamera Inspector in Vuforia
•  Assets -> Vuforia -> Prefabs
•  Move AR Camera to scene hierarchy (Delete Main Camera)
•  Paste License Key

Adding Tracking Targets
•  Create a target on the Target Manager
•  https://developer.vuforia.com/targetmanager/
•  OR - Use existing targets from other projects

Which Type of Database
•  Device Database vs. Cloud Database?
•  Device: local, Cloud: online

Creating a Target
•  Create a database
•  Add targets

Loaded Image Target
• Rating indicates how good a target
• Download Dataset -> create unity package
• Eg StoneImage.unitypackage

Loading the Tracking Image
•  Import tracking dataset package
•  Drag ImageTarget prefab into Scene Hierarchy
•  Select ImageTarget, pick Data Set then Image Target
•  Set image width
•  On AR Camera load target database and activate
•  Database Load Behaviour

Add 3D Content
•  As a test, create a simple Cube object
•  GameObject > Create Other > Cube
•  Add the cube as a child of the ImageTarget object by
dragging it onto the ImageTarget item.
•  Move the cube until it is centered on the Image Target.

APPLICATION
• Unity
•  Creating the Application
•  Configure the export settings and build the Application
216

Building for Android
• Open Build Settings
• Change Target platform to Android
• Switch Platform
• Under Player Settings
•  Edit Bundle Identifier – eg com.UniSA.cubeTest
•  Minimum API level
• Build and Run
•  Select .apk file name

Adding Interaction
•  Look at Vuforia core samples
•  Virtual Buttons
•  Create virtual buttons on page that triggers actions
•  Eg touch button change object colour

Books
• Unity Virtual Reality Projects
•  Jonathan Linowes
• Holistic Game Development
with Unity
•  Penny de Byl

Cardboard Resources
•  Google Cardboard main page
•  https://www.google.com/get/cardboard/
•  Developer Website
•  https://www.google.com/get/cardboard/developers/
•  Building a VR app for Cardboard
•  http://www.sitepoint.com/building-a-google-cardboard-vr-app-in-unity/
•  Creating VR game for Cardboard
•  http://danielborowski.com/posts/create-a-virtual-reality-game-for-
google-cardboard/
•  Moving in VR space
•  http://www.instructables.com/id/Prototyping-Interactive-Environments-
in-Virtual-Re/

Vuforia Resources
•  Vuforia Product Page
https://www.qualcomm.com/products/vuforia
•  Vuforia Developer Page
https://developer.vuforia.com
•  SDK Download Page
https://developer.vuforia.com/downloads/sdk
•  Installing Vuforia for Unity extension
http://developer.vuforia.com/library/articles/Solution/
Installing-the-Unity-Extension
•  Tutorials
https://developer.vuforia.com/resources/tutorials

Unity Resources
• Unity Main site
• http://www.unity3d.com/
• Holistic Development with Unity
• http://holistic3d.com
• Official Unity Tutorials
• http://unity3d.com/learn/tutorials
• Unity Coder Blog
• http://unitycoder.com

www.empathiccomputing.org
@marknb00

Building AR and VR Experiences

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