Although but ppt

8/01 For use with Technical Editing 3e
although, but, however
This presentation explains
how these words affect
sentence structure and
punctuation.

although
but
however
These three words are
related semantically
(in meaning): they all
signal a contrast in the
information that
follows with the
information that
precedes.

although
but
however
However, these
words differ
structurally: they
are different parts
of speech and affect
sentence patterns in
different ways.

semantic
similarity
structural
difference
An editor needs
to know the
structural
difference in
order to
punctuate
sentences
correctly.

sentence patterns and
punctuation
– Punctuation errors can result from
using the words as interchangeable.
– Misreading can result from errors.

parts of speech
word part of speech effect on sentence
although subordinating
conjunction
makes clause dependent
but coordinating
conjunction
joins like things
(2 independent clauses)
however conjunctive
adverb
modifies an independent
clause

sentence analysis
• Although I have studied the
textbook, I am still confused.
– two clauses (2 pairs of subject + verb)
– subordinating conjunction (“although”)
– dependent clause
– complex sentence: comma after the
introductory clause

sentence analysis
• I have studied the textbook, but
I am still confused.
– coordinating conjunction (“but”)
– two independent clauses
– compound sentence: comma separates
clauses with a coordinating conjunction

sentence analysis
• I have studied the textbook;
however, I am still confused.
– conjunctive adverb (“however”); joins
clauses but does not affect the sentence
pattern
– two independent clauses
– compound sentence, no coordinating
conjunction-->semicolon

sentence analysis
• I am confused.
I have, however, studied the
textbook.
– adverb (“however”)
– two simple sentences
– the adverb is an interrupting word
that requires a pair of commas

review although, but, however
• Parts of speech affect sentence patterns.
• Although, but, and however are different
parts of speech.
– although--subordinating conjunction
– but--coordinating conjunction
– however--conjunctive adverb

review sentence types
• compound sentence =
two independent clauses
– join with comma plus coordinating conjunction
– join with a semicolon
• complex sentence =
one independent clause,
one dependent clause
– join with a comma or nothing (never a
semicolon)

review although, but, however
• Although makes a clause dependent
and the sentence complex.
• But joins independent clauses in a
compound sentence.
• However can join independent clauses
but does not change their
independence.

editing: original sentence
• When editors analyze sentence
structure, they punctuate
correctly; although it is easy to
confuse different parts of
speech.

editing: analysis
When editors analyze
sentence structure
they punctuate correctly
although it is easy to
confuse different parts
of speech.
dependent
clause (S+V +
subordinating
conjunction)
independent
clause (S+V)
dependent
clause (S+V +
subordinating
conjunction)

option for punctuation #1
Delete the semicolon (or replace it with a
comma): maintain complex sentence.
When editors analyze sentence
correctly died although it is easy
to confuse different parts of
speech.

option for punctuation #2
Replace although with however and
retain the semicolon: create a compound
sentence.
When editors analyze sentence
correctly; however, it is easy to
confuse different parts of speech.

Choosing an option
• In this case, the second
option is easier to read
because it has two
independent clauses rather
than two dependent clauses.

• know parts of speech
• know the ways these words affect
clauses
• punctuate according to structure

Although but ppt

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Although but ppt