How Private Is Mental Health? Two Case Studies - Samaritans Radar versus Help4Mood
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How Private Is Mental Health? Two Case Studies - Samaritans Radar versus Help4Mood
- 1. How Private Is Mental Health? ! Maria Wolters! University of Edinburgh! ! maria.wolters@ed.ac.uk! @mariawolters! School of Informatics (College of Science and Engineering)! School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences (College of Humanities and Social Sciences)
- 2. About Mental Health … http://www.optipess.com/2012/09/28/dressing-up/ “A third of workers would not tell their managers ! if they experienced mental health problems.”! ! Dewa, C. S. (2014). Worker Attitudes towards Mental Health Problems and Disclosure. The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 5(4), 175–86.
- 3. Have Applications, Want to Work on Solutions Hacks that Work, or! Security versus Convenience When the Public is Private
- 5. Help4Mood: Supporting People with Depression Funder: European Union FP7, STREP 3 clinical sites, 2 companies, 5 universities! ! daily monitoring ! • of activity using actigraph,! • of mood, thought patterns & psychomotor using talking head GUI! weekly one-page reports to clinicians
- 6. The Help4Mood Development Cycle 1. Actigraphy 2. Mood Tracker +! Actigraphy 3. Mood Tracker,! Thought Patterns,! Speech + Actigraphy 4. Mood Tracker,! Thought Patterns,! Behavioural Activation,! Relaxation,! Speech + Actigraphy ! ! ! ! Case Studies! ! ! ! ! ! Pilot RCT! ! ! People with ! history of depression! ! ! ! People with ! current depression! ! ! !
- 7. Who Uses The Data? Who Generates? ❖ “What is the value in the data?”! ❖ “This report is just for you, isn’t it?”! ❖ “Don’t make me monitor the monitors.”! ❖ “I’m OK with wearing this watch for research, but …”! ❖ “Why does it say it can’t read the actigraph data?”! ❖ “I want to use the system when I need it.”: A monitoring strategy became a coping strategy
- 8. Locking Down is Hard to Do ❖ Separate mobile phone / laptop vs. getting data such as call history, speech (scrambled), movement from user’s own mobile! ❖ Data encryption and severely restricting internet use! ❖ NHS requirements (within vs outwith health services) ! ❖ Providing access to clinicians:! ❖ Infrastructure for secure transmission! ❖ One more password versus pushing to email
- 9. When the Public is Private
- 10. Personal Text Data for Personal Use How not to do it: The Samaritans’ Radar. ! Worried about a friend who is on Twitter? ! Sign up and we will alert you when your friend sounds like they need a hug or a cup of tea. ! Don’t want your friends to be alerted? Set your timeline to private.
- 11. Pros … ❖ Your public Twitter data is free for anyone to analyse! ❖ Followers are friends! ❖ If counsellors think you’re suicidal, they would tell someone, too! ❖ There are terms that can tell you whether somebody is suicidal! ❖ False positives are better than false negatives
- 12. … and Cons ❖ Your public Twitter data is free for anyone to analyse! ❖ Followers are friends! ❖ If counsellors think you’re suicidal, they would tell someone, too! ❖ There are terms that can tell you whether somebody is suicidal! ❖ False positives are better than false negatives ❖ Twitter has many uses, personal and professional! ❖ People on Twitter with mental health problems have their own strategies! ❖ Mental health is private; problems carry stigma! ❖ Too many false positives lead to alert fatigue ! ❖ Potential for targeted harassment
- 13. Overall, ❖ Your public Twitter data is free for anyone to analyse! ❖ Followers are friends! BAD IDEA ❖ If counsellors think you’re suicidal, they would tell someone, too! ❖ There are terms that can tell you whether somebody is suicidal! ❖ False positives are better than false negatives ❖ Twitter has many uses, personal and professional! ❖ People on Twitter with mental health problems have their own strategies! ❖ Mental health is private; problems carry stigma! ❖ Too many false positives lead to alert fatigue ! ❖ Potential for targeted harassment
- 14. A Different Approach Processing personal text (blogs, tweets, Facebook)! and visualising the results! to allow insight into how mental health affects! thinking, writing, and posting patterns! ! People can share insights with others if they wish
- 15. Contact Details ❖ Privacy and security in eHealth (applications)! ❖ maria.wolters@ed.ac.uk; @mariawolters