1) The document discusses various perfect tenses in English including the present perfect, past perfect, and present perfect continuous.
2) The present perfect describes an action that began in the past and continues in the present. The past perfect describes an action that occurred before another past action.
3) The present perfect continuous is used for actions that began in the past and continue up to the present, and may or may not have finished. It compares the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses.
2. Present Perfect
Descreve uma ação iniciada no passado e que
continua no presente ou, pelo menos, cujos
efeitos continuam sendo observados.
That decision has changed his life.
I have studied that before.
3. Present Perfect
Os “Perfect Tenses” tem como verbo auxiliar de sua
formação o “To Have” acrescido do Verbo Principal no
Particípio Passado.
We have just had lunch!
She has been to Buckingham Palace.
But she has not had a tea there!
4. Present Perfect
Estrutura
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I have studied (I´ve) I have not studied Have I studied?
You have lived (You´ve) You have not lived Have you lived?
She has danced (She´s) She has not danced
(hasn´t)
Has she danced?
He has broken (He´s) He has not broken Has he broken?
It has eaten (It´s) It has not eaten Has it eaten?
We have been (We´ve) We have not been Have we been?
You have done (You´ve) You have not done Have you done?
They have traveled
(They´ve)
They have not traveled
(haven´t)
Have they traveled?
5. Present Perfect
Podem ser acompanhados de advérbios como
Always
Never
Ever – Já / Alguma vez (geralmente usado em perguntas)
Already – já (indicando fato realizado)
Yet – já (interrogativas), ainda (negativas
Just
Lately
Recently
6. Past Perfect
Descreve uma ação passada anterior a outra ação
também no passado.
He had written many poems before he knew her.
After she had been a teacher for years, she
changed her job.
Ação mais antiga Ação mais recente
7. Past Perfect
Estrutura
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I had studied I had not studied Had I studied?
You had lived You had not lived Had you lived?
She had danced She had not danced Had she danced?
He had broken He had not broken Had he broken?
It had eaten It had not eaten Had it eaten?
We had been We had not been Had we been?
You had done You had not done Had you done?
They had traveled
(They´d)
They had not traveled
(hadn´t)
Had they traveled?
8. Present Perfect Continuous
O Present Perfect Continuous é usado para se
referir a ações que começaram no passado e
continuam até o presente. Essas ações podem ou
não ter terminado.
Ex. This girls are angry. They have been waiting
for hours.
I have been living in São Paulo for 2 years.
9. Present Perfect Continuous
Compare o uso do Present Perfect e do Present
Perfect Continuous.
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
She has made a pie.
(The pie is ready!)
She has been making a pie.
(The pie isn´t ready yet!)
10. Present Perfect Continuous
Estrutura
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I have been studying I have not been studying Have I been studying?
You have been living You have not been living Have you been living?
She has been dancin She has not been dancing Has she been dancing?
He has been breaking He has not been breaking Has he been breaking?
It has been eating It has not been eating Has it been eating?
We have been writing We have not been writing Have we been writing?
You have been doing You have not been doing Have you been doing?
They have been traveling They have not been
traveling
Have they been traveling?
