presentation at Bioversity International

1. Semantic Technologies at FAO Bioversity International, Maccarese, Roma, Italy Margherita Sini 20 April 2009

2. Few words about myself

5. Semantic projects involving FAO

6. Why AOS vessel? craft? boat? bateaux? barco? Terminology brokering Semantic navigation, Clustering, Ranking, ... Intelligent query expansion Interoperability Inferencing Reasoning Machine learning ship or container

8. IPFSAPH

9. IPFSAPH

10. The Ontology

12. Features: Concept Search The same records will be retrieved regardless of the specific synonyms or singular/plural forms that the user uses to refer to a concept. Related concepts

13. Features: Multilinguality The system is also able to understand a concept even when different languages are used.

14. Features: Check spelling Spelling errors are corrected: e.g. “desease” into “disease”

15. Features: Paraphrasing “ mad cow disease symptoms” or “clinical signs of bovine spongiform encephalopathy”

16. give the same results, which are ranked.

17. Features: Semantic Navigation of Knowledge parent concept(s) children concept(s)

18. FNA

19. FNA

20. Creation of the core ontology FAO BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE FAO CORPORATE DOCUMENT REPOSITORY DATABASE MERGE RECORDS + TRANSFORM TO RDFS Ontology Editor (OI-Modeler) maintain

22. Ontology Relationships

23. The ontology instances

25. RDFa

26. Features (cont.)

27. CWR

30. More semantics Term: wild plants subclass of plants superclass of crop wild relatives adapted by domestication benefits from resource conservation

31. Ontology properties (1/2)

32. Ontology properties (2/2)

33. Fisheries

34. The project OneFish FIGIS AGROVOC Aquaculture Resource Water Area land strains Species life cycle Farming system management system Production center Spawning technique Breeding technique Hatchery technique Expl. form Regulation Farming technique Environment Institution Health monitoring technique diseases suppliers ASFA

35. Basic activities in FOS Catalog building PRECEDES PRECEDES PRECEDES Ontology Merging Wrapping Terminology Re-engineering Formatting Union Mapping Interfacing Exploitation Matching Discovery Consistency checking Formalization Conceptual Integration Analysis Importing Descriptors Terms Relations Scope notes Subjects Identifiers Codes DB specific links Concepts Relations Axioms Rules Lexicalization Annotations @ CNR

36. Foundational Ontology FOS core FOS integrated FOS merged FIGIS Reference Tables ASFA FIGIS DTD ONE FISH AGROVOC

37. The Ontology

39. Ontology properties

41. Using multilingual lexicalizations ENGLISH SPANISH FRENCH

42. Using hierarchically related concepts hierarchically related concept Polyvalent Trawlers

43. Using non-hierarchically related concepts non-hierarchically related concept gears

44. Help the user formulate queries Original query: bateau de pêche To refine your query, click on the concepts you are interested in. They will appear to the left. Search:

45. Reconcile different vocabularies “ navire de p ê che”, “fishing vessel”, “ embarcaciones de pesca” AGROVOC or ASFA or other “ fishing vessels,” “ fishing boat,” AGROVOC: “fishing vessels”, “barco”, etc... ASFA: “fishing vessels”

46. Semantic Navigation of Knowledge: Thesaurus based Highlighting the originator thesaurus. User can select a specific thesaurus to look for.

48. Geopolitical ontology

51. Nutrition Ontology

53. Procedure =CONCATENATE(&quot;<owl:Class rdf:ID=&quot;&quot;&quot;,J2,&quot;&quot;&quot;><rdfs:subClassOf><owl:Class rdf:ID=&quot;&quot;c_&quot;,B2,&quot;&quot;&quot;/></rdfs:subClassOf><rdfs:label xml:lang=&quot;&quot;en&quot;&quot;><![CDATA[&quot;,D2,&quot;]]></rdfs:label><code><![CDATA[&quot;,J2,&quot;]]></code><TAGNAME><![CDATA[&quot;,J2,&quot;]]></TAGNAME>&quot;,S2, T2,&quot;</owl:Class>&quot;) <?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?> <rdf:RDF xmlns=&quot;http://www.fao.org/aos/infoods#&quot; xmlns:protege=&quot;http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#&quot; xmlns:rdf=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#&quot; xmlns:xsd=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#&quot; xmlns:rdfs=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#&quot; xmlns:owl=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#&quot; xmlns:daml=&quot;http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil#&quot; xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot; xml:base=&quot;http://www.fao.org/aos/infoods&quot;> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=&quot;&quot;> <owl:imports rdf:resource=&quot;http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege&quot;/> <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >Revision 4.0</owl:versionInfo> <protege:defaultLanguage rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >en</protege:defaultLanguage> <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS) was established in 1984 on the basis of the recommendations of an international group convened under the auspices of the United Nations University (UNU). Its goal was to .....</rdfs:comment> </owl:Ontology> <owl:Class rdf:ID=&quot;c_0413&quot;> <code rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >0413</code> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Class rdf:ID=&quot;c_041&quot;/> </rdfs:subClassOf> <rdfs:label xml:lang=&quot;en&quot;>Vitamin D</rdfs:label> </owl:Class>

54. AGROVOC

55. AOS Core: the Concept Server Export mapping Terminology Workbench AGROVOC OWL AGROVOC RDFS formats (e.g. SKOS) and TagText ISO2709 Other thesauri and terminologies integration ABACA NT1 Food NT2 Apple ANIMAL BT Organ NT .... Other thesauri & terminologies ABACA NT1 Food NT2 Apple ANIMAL BT Organ NT ....

59. Thai Rice Ontology

60. Thai Rice Onto metadata repository

61. Plant ontology: Relationship types Taxon <hasSuperclass> Taxon Taxon <has GrowthType> GrowthType Taxon <hasPropagationMethod> PropagationMethod Taxon <occursIn> Environment Taxon <hasPest> Taxon Taxon <hasDisease> Disease Disease <causedBy> Taxon TaxonPart <isa> AnatomicalPart TaxonPart <isa> AnatomicalTypeOfFruit TaxonPart <partOf> Taxon TaxonPart <usedAs> Use TaxonPart <usedToMake> ProductType Taxon <hasDescription> Text

62. Thai plant ontology: Example Mangifera indica Linn. <hasSuperclass> Mangifera Mangifera indica Linn. <hasGrowthType> tree Mangifera indica Linn. <hasPropagationMethod> seedling Mangifera indica Linn <hasDescription> &quot;leaves ...., flower ...... “ Mangifera indica Linn <occursIn> dry soil Mangifera indica Linn. <hasPest> Scirtothrips dosalis Hood Mangifera indica Linn <hasPest> Oidium mangiferae OR, instead of the last statement or in addition to it Mangifera indica Linn <hasDisease> Powdery Mildew Powdery mildew <caused by> Oidium mangiferae

63. Agropedia Indica

65. Retrieval Navigate KM JAVA+ JENA results..... this is a document about rice and its pests..... Once the rice ap- pear in the world ..... Mad Cow Disea- se is the commonly used name for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ....

66. And also...

68. Ontology Construction Methodologies / Methods

71. Ontology models: AGROVOC Concept Relationships between concepts Lexicalization/ Term String Relationships between strings Relationships between terms designated by manifested as Other information: language/culture subvocabulary/scope audience type, etc. Note annotation relationship Relationship Relationships between Relationships All terms are created as instances of the class o_terms. All at the same level. Only one language per term. term level string level concept level

72. LIR

74. Modeling (cont.): Registries concepts, relationships Y <pest> X. An organism Y can be harmed by organism X. E.g. &quot;Litchi chinensis&quot; <pest> &quot;Bactrocera dorsalis&quot;; <pest> pest X <pest_of> Y. An organism X causes harm to organism Y. E.g. &quot;Bactrocera dorsalis&quot; <pest_of> &quot;Litchi chinensis&quot;; <pest_of> pest of Y <is_use_of> X. For use within the plant domain, {Use} <is_use_of> {Taxon},. and for chemical substances {use} <is_use_of> {chemical substance}. E.g.: &quot;fruit&quot; <is_use_of> &quot;apple&quot;; &quot;cleaner&quot; <is_use_of> &quot;alcohol&quot;; &quot;pesticide&quot; <is_use_of> &quot;ddt&quot;; <is_use_of> is use of X <used_as> Y. Thus far, restricted to plant domain, i.e., {Taxon} <used_as> {use}, and for uses of chemicals i.e., {chemical substance} <used_as> {use}. E.g.: &quot;apple&quot; <used_as> &quot;fruit&quot;; &quot;alcohol&quot; <used_as> &quot;cleaner&quot;; &quot;ddt&quot; <used_as> &quot;pesticide&quot;. <used_as used as X <part> Y. A composite entity X that can be identified as having one or more parts Y. Use this relationship when none of the other partitivity relations (<component>, <composed_of>, <portion>, <member>, <includes_subprocess>) apply. part part Y <part_of> X. Part Y is a constituent of entity X. Use this relationship when none of the other partitivity relations (<component>, <composed_of>, <portion>, <member>, <includes_subprocess>) apply. E.g. in a plant ontology: {PlantPart} <part_of> {taxon} partOf part of X <superclass_of> Y. X is more general than Y in the sense that X is characterized by having a subset of the features of Y. E.g. { milk } <superclass_of> { cow's milk }. superclassOf superclass of Y <subclass_of> X. Y has all the features of X plus additional ones which make it more specific than X. E.g. { cow's milk } <subclass_of> { milk }. subclassOf subclass of

75. What’s next

76. Networked ontologies: AOS Market [email_address] general Pest [email_address] Application Specific Layer Other Specific Ontologies Domain Specific Layer Agricultural Domain Specific Ontologies (may) import (may) import same URI Rice [email_address] Rice [email_address] general Pest [email_address] Plant [email_address] Rice [email_address] Indian Rice [email_address] Indian Rice Cultivation [email_address] Pest activity [email_address]

78. Ontology-based Application Search for: Search for: Providers Metadata Layer Ontology Layer Web Interface Search for: ok Stemming Disambiguation Check-spelling ... concepts resolution < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> < dc:title /> < /> < /> < /> < /> <OWL .....> </OWL> dc:title dc:subject dc:author <OWL .....> </OWL> rights gmo

79. Future AOS Ontologies Grid internet Networked CS ontologies Health Modules CS Modules AGROVOC CS Workbench HEALTH CS Workbench My Personal CS Workbench My Personal CS Workbench My Personal CS Workbench .... organisms substances .... health medicine Thai Agriculture Ontology CS Workbench .... rice corn para rubber sugarcane .... rice mango sorghum IITK Modules Agropedia Indica Workbench

82. Questions? Thanks Margherita Sini: margherita.Sini@fao.org Johannes Keizer: Johannes.Keizer@fao.org Dagobert Soergel: dsoergel@umd.edu Asanee Kawtrakul: [email_address] But Also: Gudrun Johannsen, Boris Lauser, Claudio Baldassarre, Gauri Salokhe, Marta Iglesias, Caterina Caracciolo, Sachit Rajbhandari, Jeetendra Singh, Mary Redahan, Shrestha, Prashanta, Ton, Imm, Thanapth, Trakul, and many others...