The document summarizes Marco Shuttle's presentation at PHPDay 2016 in Verona, Italy about middleware and PSR-7. It discusses the history of PHP frameworks and libraries, the need for a standardized HTTP request/response abstraction, and how PSR-7 and middleware address issues of the past by promoting loose coupling and reusability. Examples of middleware are provided from several PHP frameworks like Slim, Radar, and Expressive.

1. PHPDay 2016 - Verona, Italy, May 13th 2016 - @marcoshuttle @maraspin
Beyond PSR-7
The magical middleware tour

2. MARCO

3. EXPLORER

4. AVID LEARNER

5. CHOCOLATE LOVER

6. STEVE

7. ENJOYS TRAVELLING

8. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES

9. IN A FEW YEARS...

10. Software Engineers

11. START OF THE JOURNEY...

12. EVERYBODY ON ITS OWN

13. A Total Mess
$filename = 'log.txt';
$handle = fopen($filename, 'a'));
fwrite($handle, $errorMessage);
fclose($handle);
$filename = 'log.txt';
$handle = fopen($filename, 'a'));
fwrite($handle, $errorMessage);
fclose($handle);

14. LIBRARIES

15. Include Hell
include 'config.php';
include_once 'dbcon.php';
include_once 'logger.php';
include 'utils.php';
include 'forms.php';
include 'calculations.php';
include 'graphs.php';
include 'auth.php';

16. MVC Frameworks

17. IOC FIRST WAVE

18. Same things, different ways...
Zend Framework
Symfony
$logger = new Zend_Log();
$writer = new Zend_Log_Writer_Stream('php://output');
$logger­>addWriter($writer);
$logger­>log('Hello PHPDay People!', Zend_Log::INFO);
// YAML Configuration
// [...]
sfContext::getInstance()­>getLogger()­>info('Hello PHPDay People!');

19. REINVENTING THE WHEEL

20. WITH A LITTLE HELP OF...

22. Microframeworks

23. IOC NEW WAVE

24. ONE ISSUE TO SOLVE...

25. namespace SymfonyComponentHttpFoundation;
class Request {
public static function createFromGlobals(): Request {
return self::createRequestFromFactory($_GET, $_POST, [], $_COOKIE, $_FILES, $_
}
}
namespace ZendHttpPhpEnvironment;
class Request extends ZendHttpRequest {
public function __construct() {
$this­>setEnv(new Parameters($_ENV));
$this­>setQuery(new Parameters($_GET));
$this­>setPost(new Parameters($_POST));
$this­>setCookies(new Parameters($_COOKIE));
$this­>setFiles(new Parameters($this­>mapPhpFiles()));
$this­>setServer(new Parameters($_SERVER));
}
}

26. NEED FOR
A GOOD HTTP ABSTRACTION

27. SERVER API
$_SERVER
$_POST
$_GET
header()
setCookie()
echo

28. CLIENT ADAPTERS

29. PSR-7

30. PSR-7 GOALS

31. INTERFACES

32. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND USABILITY

33. NO LIMITS

34. SERVER AND CLIENT

35. PSR-7 NON-GOALS

36. CONFORMATION

37. IMPOSE DETAILS

39. A VALUE OBJECT IS FOREVER

41. Pipes and filters

42. Pizza Example

43. DECORATOR

44. interface Pizza
class Margherita implements Pizza
class CheeseDecoratedPizza implements Pizza
{
function __construct(Pizza $pizza)
}
class VegetablesDecoratedPizza implements Pizza
{
function __construct(Pizza $pizza)
}

45. $myFavouritePizza =
new VegatablesDecoratedPizza(
new CheeseDecoratedPizza(
new Margherita()
)
);

46. MIDDLEWARE

51. MIDDLEWARE
function (Request request): Response
{
...
response = next(request);
...
return response;
}

52. MIDDLEWARE
function (Request): Response

53. MIDDLEWARE
function (Request, Response): Response

54. MIDDLEWARE
function (
Request request,
Response response,
callable next
): Response

55. HOT WEEK

56. MIDDLEWARE IN ACTION

57. class Middleware
{
function __invoke($request, $response, $next)
{
if (!$this­>preconditionsExist($request, $response)) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
$request = $this­>doSomethingOnRequest($request);
$response = $next($request, $response);
return $this­>doSomethingOnResponse($response);
}
}

58. class BasicAuthentication
{
function __invoke($request, $response, $next)
{
$authorization = $request­>getHeaderLine('Authorization');
if ($this­>checkUserPassword($authorization)) {
$request = self::setAttribute(
$request,
'USERNAME',
$authorization['username']
);
return $next($request, $response);
}
return $this­>unauthorizedUserResponse($response);
}
}

59. class AccessLog
{
function __invoke($request, $response, $next)
{
if (!self::hasAttribute($request, 'CLIENT_IPS')) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
$response = $next($request, $response);
$message = $this­>createMessage($request, $response);
$this­>logger­>log($message);
return $response;
}
}

60. Slim

61. Slim
// src/middleware.php
$app­>add(new AccessLog($logger));
$app­>add(new Geolocate());
$app­>add(new ClientIp());
$app­>add(new BasicAuthentication($users));

62. Radar & Relay

63. Radar & Relay
// web/index.php
$adr­>middle(new BasicAuthentication($users));
$adr­>middle(new ClientIp());
$adr­>middle(new Geolocate());
$adr­>middle(new AccessLog($logger));

64. Expressive

65. Expressive
// config/autoload/middleware­pipeline.global.php
return [
'middleware­pipeline' => [
'basic_authentication' => [
'middleware' => new BasicAuthentication($users),
'priority' => 4000
],
'clientip' => [
'middleware' => ClientIp::class,
'priority' => 3000
],
'geolocate' => [
'middleware' => Geolocate::class,
'priority' => 2000
],
'access­log' => [
'middleware' => new AccessLog($logger),
'priority' => 1000
]
]
];

66. The magical Expressive tour
// config/autoload/middleware­pipeline.global.php
return [
'middleware­pipeline' => [
'always' => [
'middleware' => [
HelperServerUrlMiddleware::class
], 'priority' => 10000
],
'routing' => [
'middleware' => [
ApplicationFactory::ROUTING_MIDDLEWARE,
HelperUrlHelperMiddleware::class,
ApplicationFactory::DISPATCH_MIDDLEWARE
], 'priority' => 1
],
'error' => [
'middleware' => [], 'error' => true, 'priority' => ­10000
]
]
];

67. ReactPhp

68. Expressive/ReactPhp
// config/autoload/middleware­pipeline.global.php
return [
'dependencies' => [
'factories' => [
React2Psr7StaticFiles::class => React2Psr7StaticFilesFactory::class,
]
],
'middleware_pipeline' => [
'static' => [
'middleware' => React2Psr7StaticFiles::class,
'priority' => 100000, // Execute earliest!
],
...
]
];

70. USE CASES

71. Debug bar

72. class DebugBar
{
public function __invoke($request, $response, $next)
{
if (!self::hasAttribute($request, FormatNegotiator::KEY)) {
throw new RuntimeException('Need FormatNegotiator executed before');
}
if ($this­>isAsset($request)) {
return $this­>responsewithAssetBody($request, $response);
}
$response = $next($request, $response);
if (UtilsHelpers::isRedirect($response)) {
$this­>debugBar­>stackData();
} else if (FormatNegotiator::getFormat($request) === 'html') {
$response = $this­>createHtmlResponse($response);
} else if (UtilsHelpers::isAjax($request)) {
$response = $this­>createAjaxResponse($response);
}
return $response;
}
}

73. More Available Middleware
Storage-Less Sessions
Device Detection
Analytics Support
Robot-Blocking
Request Rate Limiting
And More...

74. Roundup
PSR-7: A good HTTP abstraction
Abstractions VS Implementations
Re-Inventing the Wheel is over
Middleware is a Hot Topic
Beware of Runtime Dangers

75. THANK YOU VERY MUCH

76. Resources
by
by
documentation
by
documentation
by
documentation
PSR-7 By Example Matthew Weier O'Phinney
On HTTP, Middleware, and PSR-7 Matthew Weier O'Phinney
Slim framework
Slim resources
Radar
Radar and middleware resources Paul M. Jones
Zend Expressive
Proposed Middleware Interface PSR-N

78. Speakers love feedback
Leave your feedback at https://joind.in/talk/1ccba
Marco
Steve
@marcoshuttle m.perone@mvlabs.it
@maraspin s.maraspin@mvassociati.it

79. ALL YOU NEED IS MIDDLEWARE

80. Credits
Plane view by
Chocolate by
Orioles Fan by
Mosque by
Fans by
Hippies by
Hippie Van by
Students by
Rave by
Weird Bicicle by
Suitcase found at
A320 model found at
Beatles picture by
Beatles picture by
Board by
Abstract painting by
Figs by
Kungsleden by
Danger zone by
PSR-7 diagram by
Diamond by
Pizza by
Cheese and vegetables by
Pizza by
Onion by
Onion by
Cutting onion by
Onion by
Onion by
Onion by
Locked door by
Log by
Victor Costan
John Loo
Keith Allison
Fasihjee
Mirage Kale
Roland Godefroy
Joe Mabel
Shimer College
EDM Playlist
Thomas Guest
publicdomainpictures.net
wesharepics.info
Nationaal Archief
United Press Intl.
ericfleming8
Earle M. Pilgrim
Mburnat
Shyguy24x7
cvander
ninjagrl
EWAR
ElfQrin
StockSnap
Scott bauer
Colin
Amada44
Lali Masriera
darwinbell
costanzimarco
sarangib
LEEROY.ca
Greenpeace Finland