This document proposes a portable mini sewage treatment plant to treat wastewater generated from houseboats on Dal Lake and other water bodies in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The treatment system uses maceration, enzyme blocks, aerobic treatment with microorganisms, attached growth on inert material, activated carbon filtration, and UV dosing to treat an estimated 2,000 liters of wastewater per day from a houseboat. The system is designed to be automatic, eco-friendly, and achieve pollution control board standards to help prevent further deterioration of water quality in the lakes.

1. PRESENTATION TO TREAT
WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM
HOUSEBOATS AT DAL LAKE AND OTHER
WATER BODIES OF J&K STATE
By Er. MANZOOR AHMAD YETOO
(B.SC BIO,B.E (Mech) ,M.B.A (Project Management),
M.E(Env & Ecology), PhD (under completion)
Technical Advisor for Biotech Solutions.

2. INTRODUCTION
J & K is unique in India in having numerous lakes which grade from high altitude to
low altitude lakes, rivers and other water bodies. Worth to mention among them is
Tuliyan,Tarsar, Marser, Gangbal, Alapather, Kawsournag,
Manasbal,Wular,Neelnag,Dal,Anchar,Narnag, Khushalsar, Jhelum etc.
Among the lakes in the valley Dal Lake has been of prime concern as it is dying at a
faster pace. Lying at the foot hills of Zaberwan range to the north east of Srinagar.It’s
altitude is 30o,07’N and longitude of 74o,52’E on the right bank of
river Jehlum.Dal Lake has decreased by 50% in volume from 22 Sq.Kms to
11Sq.Kms.The lake is also getting polluted with an estimated 30,000 Ltrs to 45,000 Ltrs
of urine and 30 Tones of human wastes dumped into it every month. Average depth
of the lake has been reduced to 3 Meters deep. Floating Gardens constitute more
than 35% of the whole lake.
In short Dal lake and other major water bodies of Jammu and Kashmir have fallen
victim of human greed, as a result of which Eco-systems linked are rapidly changing.
Water quality in major water bodies has been deteriorated considerably. Large
number of residential buildings, restaurants and hotels have come up along the Dal
lake and on the peripheries of major water bodies.

3. According to recent estimates by LAWDA ( Lakes and Water Ways Development
Authority) in their survey report that a population of about 60,000 thousand people
lives within the Dal area. Similarly, numerous numbers of people live along the banks
of river Jhelum and other Major water bodies. And their is tremendous pressure on
these water bodies. Dwelling and the sewage is the big problem and needs strategic
planning and scientific treatment. This problem cannot be solved all of a sudden as
tourism aspects and the natural habitats cannot be discarded all together.
I have made individual efforts to save water bodies by treating sewage accumulated
due to human settlements and Dwellings.
In this context I am coming with a design of portable mini sewage treatment plant.
This is a small compact DSTP ( Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant) which can be fitted
in House boats, small dwelling on river banks, hotels, floating restaurants etc. Thus
domestic sewage can be treated and will intern solve big problem of decaying and
eutrification of our major bodies and intern restore ecological balance. Besides, we
will overcome the problem of rehabilitation and shifting of our major dwellings near
banks of rivers and lakes. In this way tourism will flourish in a symbiotic way and
esthetic sense and cultural ethos linked with our major water bodies is maintained.

4. The world famous Dal Lake in Srinagar has always been a major attraction for
anyone visiting Kashmir. But increasing pollution is fast reducing its original
beauty. The Dal lake and other Water Bodies in Jammu & Kashmir have huge
contaminations in the form of organic waste. The main source of contamination are
inflow of sewage waste, excessive weed growth, siltation of lake, etc.
The basic source of contamination is from HOUSEBOATS which generates
BATH WATER, TOILET WASTE, KITCHEN WASTE, LAUNDRY WASTE, etc. which is
being regularly released into the DAL Lake in considerable quantity.
It is imperative that the Sewage Discharge from
these houseboats should be fully treated to stop
further deterioration of the lakes.
Well Developed Anti Pollution Control Procedures
should be adopted to meet the norms set out by the
Pollution Control Board.

5. I PRESENT HERE A UNIQUE AND
IDEAL TREATMENT PROCESS TO
TREAT THE WASTEWATER
GENERATED FROM HOUSEBOATS.

6. VALUE OF UNTREATED WASTE WATER
FOR A MEDIUM CLASS OF SEWAGE WASTE WE ASSUME THE FOLLOWING
INPUT CATEGORIES
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS 200 mg/l
BOD(5) 250 mg/l
COD 350 mg/l
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN 65 mg/l*
* It is estimated that total nitrogen generated by a person per day is around 12.5gms.
The 2000 generated wastewater that we assume is from 10 persons.
Basis of Design

7. THE MOST IDEAL AND CORRECT METHOD IS TO PROVIDE AEROBIC
TREATMENT TO THIS SYSTEM. TO GIVE EFFECT TO THIS WE HAVE
CONCEPTUALISED A DESIGN WITH THE FOLLOWING :
A- MACERATION OF SOLID WASTE
B- ENYZME BLOCK TO BREAK DOWN OIL & GREASE
C- AEROBIC TREATMENT
D- BIOAUGMENTATION WITH ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS
E- ATTACHED GROWTH OF ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS
OVER INERT MATERIAL
F- USE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
G- ULTRA VIOLET DOSING TO REMOVE PATHOGENS AND BREAKDOWN
CHLORINE

8. MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF OUR TREATMENT SYSTEM
The Treatment System is totally ECO FRIENDLY
Parameters of Pollution Control Board is achieved
It is a AUTOMATIC TREATMENT PROCESS
No hassle of Regular Sludge Removal
No hassle of removing oil and grease content
Less Operating cost, requires only 75 watts of power
The treatment is Electronically Integrated and requires no manpower
as such
Can be retrofitted in the Existing Houseboats
A complete treatment is achieved

9. Unique Features of Our System
USE OF MACERATOR
Instead of routing the flush water directly to the
treatment chamber it is routed to a macerator
pump. The use of macerator substantially liquefy
the human waste, toilet paper and similar material
in the flush water. This helps in proper
degradation of waste.

10. USE OF BLOCK OF ENZYMES & MICROORGANISMS
The use of Blocks of Enzymes & Microorganisms helps in
breaking down the Oil and Grease content into smaller
constituents which are then easily degraded by the Aerobic
treatment.
The advantages are
1- Complete Degradation of Oil and Grease Content
2- Does not allow Grease to Re form
3-Removes grease build up
4-No hassle of removing oil and grease
5- No need to install Oil & Grease Trap
6- Safe to use
Unique Features of Our System

11. A COMPLETE TREATMENT SYSTEM IS INSTALLED
A Complete treatment Process is adopted involving:
 Aerobic Treatment by Bugsy –
 Tertiary Treatment by use of Filters and Ultra Violet
Dosing System
The use of Filters and Ultra Violet Dosing System helps
in removing all pathogens , viruses, bacteria, chlorine
content, etc.

12. Line of Treatment
We have conceptualized a
treatment of treating 2000
litres of wastewater per day.

13. Sewage is first collected in a collection chamber of
about 20 litres. As soon as the water comes into the
system the Macerator will start
automatically and push in the LIQUID and
MACERATED SOLIDS into the Treatment
Chamber, while passing over a BLOCK OF
ENZYMES and MICROORGANISMS to
breakdown Oil and Grease Content.
Simultaneously the disposal pump at the end of the
Treatment Chamber operates to discharge treated
water of the same quantity as has come in, into the
lake.

14. THE AEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEM IS PROVIDED BY
MEANS OF OUR SYSTEM ‘BUGSY’
FOR 2000 LITRES OF WASTEWATER WE WOULD
REQUIRE 900 gms OF OXYGEN TO TREAT 250ppm OF
B.O.D. AND 350 gms OF OXYGEN TO REMOVE 40 PPM
OF NITROGEN.
SO WE NEED A TOTAL OF 1250 gms OF OXYGEN TO BE
TRANSFERRED TO THE WASTEWATER OVER 24
HOURS. SUFFICIENT OXYGEN WILL BE PROVIDED BY
A 40 WATT AIR PUMP.
AS THE FRESH WASTEWATER COMES
INTO THE SYSTEM IT WILL PASS
THROUGH THE BUGSY UNIT SEVERAL
TIMES TILL THE NEXT INFLUX OF FRESH
WASTEWATER.

15. LINE OF TREATMENT– CONTD
IN SUCH MANNER THE WATER KEEPS MOVING FROM ONE
CHAMBER TO THE OTHER CHAMBER PASSING THROUGH THE
BIO FILTERS TILL IT REACHES THE END OF THE TREATMENT
CHAMBER AND EXITS THROUGH THE ACTIVATED CARBON
FILTER CLOTH AND ULTRA VIOLET DOSING INTO A
CHAMBER OF 20 LITRES.
FROM THIS CHAMBER THE TREATED WATER IS PUMPED OUT
BY A PUMP OF 0.25 H.P.
NON RETURN VALVES ARE EMPLOYED AT THE BEGINNING
AND AT THE END OF THE TREATMENT CHAMBER SO THAT
NEITHER THE UNTREATED WASTE MOVES BACK INTO THE
COLLECTION CHAMBER OR TREATED WATER GOES BACK
INTO THE TREATMENT CHAMBER.

16. VALUE OF TREATED WASTE WATER
THE TREATED WASTEWATER WILL HAVE THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS < 100 mg/l
BOD < 30 mg/l
COD < 250 mg/l
OIL & GREASE < 10 mg/l
TKN < 100 mg/l*
RESIDUAL CHLORINE < 1.50 mg/l
Ammonical Nitrogen < 50 mg/l
PH value 6.5 - 8
Dissolved phosphate < 10 mg/l
*Since nitrogen acts as a nutrients for Algal bloom in the lake the intention is to reduce Nitrogen
to the maximum possible. This can only be done by use of selected microorganism and adequate
aeration.

17. ALL THE RIGHTS ARE RESERVED IN THE COURT OF LAWALL THE RIGHTS ARE RESERVED IN THE COURT OF LAW
This is only a conception and the measurements and designs could change on actual development
Collection
Chamber of
20 litres
BUGSY
Sewage In
Macerator
Enzyme Block
600 100 x 3 chambers
1500 x 1500
1 2 3 4
5
6
Non Return Valve
Mesh Plastic Filter with Biological Culture
growth
500 100
Activated Carbon Filter Cloth