India is a major global producer of fruits but accounts for less than 1.5% of international fruit trade. Export of fruits from India is constrained by fragmented land holdings, poor infrastructure and lack of adherence to international trade requirements regarding quality and safety standards. Proposed solutions include adoption of good agricultural practices, development of new varieties suited to export markets, improved post-harvest handling and infrastructure like packhouses, and targeting of new markets through trade agreements to liberalize tariffs and non-tariff barriers.

2. ON
EXPORT SCENARIO OF FRUITS FROM INDIA
Presented by
Manohar Lal Meghwal
Ph.D I year
DEPT. OF POMOLOGY & FLORICULTURE
KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

3.  Introduction
 India's Facts and Figures
 Comparison of India to World
 Export of fruits from India
 Quality Parameter
 International Trade Requirements
 Constraints In Exports
 Proposed Solutions
 Conclusion
Content

4. China is the largest producer of fruits in the world
followed by India, Brazil and USA in that order.
India ranked second and accounted for 8.6% of world
production of fruits
Over 90% of India’s export fresh products goes to
West Asia and East European markets.
India is one of the major fruit producer but account for
less than 1.5 % of International fruit trade.

5. Facts & Figures….
oFruit production 74 million tones.
10 % of world production .
46 % of world mango production.
24 % of world cashew production.
23 % of world Banana production.
4 % of world citrus production.
o Fruits: growth rate of 8.0% in production
with a growth rate in area 4.6 %
Source : NHB Database 2011

6. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Value CR.
PRODUCTION IN CR.
380000
390000
400000
410000
420000
430000
440000
450000
460000
470000
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
WEIGHT IN M.T.
WEIGHT IN M.T.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE EXPORT (Weight in MT Value in CR)
Productio
n
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Weight Value Weight Value Weight Value
Fruit 464301 1109.88 461547 1352.34 411960 1183.92
Vegetable 215471 2507.72 2084163 3051.29 1654387 2634.49
Source : Agrowon article 11-04-
Alarming Situation

7. COMPARISION OF INDIA TO
WORLD PRODUCTION
Source : NHB DATABASE 2011

8. 2002-03 2006-07 2011-12
Fruit 45.20 59.36 81.00
Vegetables 84.81 115.52 185.00
Spices 2.88 5.00 5.50
Coconut 8.82 18.00 20.00
Cashewnut 0.50 1.50 1.70
Others 2.20 6.00 6.80
Total 144.41 205.38 300.00
Commodity Production (Million tonnes)
SOURCE : APEDA DATABASE 2011

9. Grapes
U.K., U.A.E., Netherlands, Bangladesh, Belgium
and Saudi Arabia
Destination For Export
Mangoes
U.A.E., Kuwait, U.K., Singapore,
Netherlands, Bangladesh
Oranges
Bangladesh, U.K. and Mauritius

10. Apples
-Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal
Pomegranates
-U.A.E., Bangladesh, U.K., Bahrain, Kuwait
and Netherlands
Sapota
-SaudiArabia, U.A.E., Bahrain, Kuwait,and
UK

12. India
2%
World
98%
Source: FAO database 2010

13. Where are lacunae ?
 Fragmented land holding
 Very poor backward and forward linkages
 Poor infrastructure
 Lack of post harvest Technology
 Poor logistics
 Supply Chain Management missing

14. Traditional Vs Improved
Traditional mango Transportation
methods are not ideally suited to
effective food hygiene
Innovative mango Transport
methods

15. Traditional Vs Improved
Traditional mango packing methods
are not ideally suited to effective food
hygiene
Innovative mango packing
methods

16. Precooling in
mango
Cold Storage Ripening chamber
FACILITY UNDER UTILISATION AT DEVELOPED COUNTRY

17. Co-operative Partnership Firm
MAHAGRAPES
MAHAMANGO
MAHABANANA
MAHAORANGE
MAHAANAR

18. Country-wise share of exports of
Mango from India (2009-10)

19. QUALITY STANDARDS OF MANGO EXPORT FROM INDIA
Minimum quality standards of mango
Clean, practically free of any visible foreign
Whole, firm, sound and fresh in appearance;
Free of marked bruising
Free from damage caused by low or high
temperature
Free of any foreign smell or taste
Free of damage caused by pests
Sufficiently developed and display satisfactory
ripeness
When a peduncle is present, it shall not be no longer
than 1.0 cm.

20. Major Exporting Countries
2008 2009
Exporting
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
Thailand 94,076.76 145.36 2,39,000.47 261.56
Mexico 1,14,161.00 192.47 2,22,862.52 211.00
Brazil 1,46,406.23 223.66 1,17,718.61 188.55
Peru 94,602.46 134.29 54,965.41 99.76
Philippines 39,489.56 71.71 25,771.36 63.42
Pakistan 55,442.33 43.35 33,241.03 40.61
Netherlands 26,081.23 43.62 23,865.71 40.41
Ecuador 25,942.86 32.77 50,689.11 40.35
Israel 15,602.88 40.65 16,469.61 28.81
Spain 11,808.25 23.64 12,822.68 24.88
Qty in MT
Value in Mill. US$
Source: apeda database 2010

21. Total export from India 15188.0 (000MT)
Varieties grown in
Maharashtra
Alphonso, Kesar, Payari, Vanraj,
Rajapuri, Gulabi
Area under crop in
Maharashtra
4,48,000 ha.
Maharashtra’s
Production
6,46,000 MTs
Available in February to June
Export
Alphanso export around 13,000 Mt
per year. Major Export to Middle
East, UK, The Netherlands
Varieties in demand
Internationally
Kent, Tomy Atkin, Alphonso, Kesar
Production and Export

22. Export Specifications
Middle
East
Netherlands
/Germany
U.K. Japan USA
Variety Alphonso
Wt: 200-
250 gm
Wt: 250-300
gm
Wt: 250-300
gm
Wt :
250-
300 gm
Wt : 250-300 gm
Kesar
Wt: 200-
250 gm
Wt: 225-250
gm
Wt: 225-250
gm
Wt :
250-
300 gm
Wt : 250-300 gm
Packing
1 Doz/2.5
kg
1 Doz/2.5 kg 1Doz/2.5 kg
1 doz /
3.5 kg
1 Doz /
3.5 kg
Storage
Temperature
13°c 13°c 13°c 13°c 13°c
Export By Sea By Air By Air By Air By Air
Variety in demand Internationally : Kent , Tomy Atkin ,Alphonso , Kesar
http://www.msamb.com/english/export/promotion/ma
ngo.htm
Source:

23. Mango varieties exported
Alphonso (March - June) Banganapalli (March - June)
Dashehari (May - July)

24. • Ratoul
• Mallika • Himsagar
Potential Exportable
Varieties

25. Consumer Preference Of Importing
Countries
In most of the importing countries appearance of fruit
(Peel colour – Yellow / red colour)
•Fruit Quality :
Fleshy with attractive pulp colour.
Fiber less pulp.
Firmness
Sugar and Acid blend.
Free from any damage.

26. Can we change the consumer
preference …?
•Availability of varieties with attractive peel &
pulp colour.
•Availability of varieties with longer shelf life.
•More nutritive value .
•Hygienic - free from any pest / disease
damage & pesticidal residue.
•Varieties suitable for export market
• Arunika.

27. Packaging
o Use of good packaging material
(Corrugated Fiber Board )
•Dimensions of box
– Alphonso (320x230x90 mm)
– Banganpalli (390x260x115 mm)
– Chausa (390x280x105 mm)

28. Storage should be …
• Fruits are stored in a cold room having a temperature
rangeof10–150C,and 85-90% RH, according to variety .
• The controlled atmosphere (CA) refrigeratedcontainers
for long term storage and shipment of mangoes
(up to 4 weeks).
(CO2 and O2 both @ 5%)

29. What is needed ?
oAdoption of good Agricultural practices (GAP).
oAssortment of cultivars and it’s promotion.
oDevelopment of cultivars and technology.
Harvesting Vapour heat treatment
system

31. Total export from India Export : 7.43 Lakh Tones (2011)
Varieties grown in Maharashtra
Ganesh, Mrudula, Aarakta, Bhagwa
(Ashtagandha/Shendri)
Area under crop in Maharashtra 93,500 Hectares
Maharashtra’s Production 6,01,500 MT
Availability July to September, Nov to March
Major export to
Middle East, UK, Holland Germany, UAE,
Saudi Arabia, The Netherlands, Egypt,
Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait and Sri Lanka.
Production and Export

32. The desirable fruit characters of fresh pomegranate for
export purpose:
 Dark rose pink colour of the fruit.
 Fruit weight around 500 gm.
 Round shape of the fruit.
Uniform size and shape of the fruit in a pack or box.
 Dark rose pink arils.
 Softness of the seeds.
 Higher sugars near about 16-170 Brix.
 Smooth cutting at the stem end.
 Bracts/calyx without any damage.
 Pleasant flavour and aroma.

33. Production
Monitoring pesticide/fungicide application program
Harvesting by hand and cutting stem properly
Transport to packhouse
Washing with a disinfectant and then with clean water
Removal of excess water
Treatment with fungicide and wax
Drying
Sizing &
Grading for quality
Packed into cardboard boxes
Precooling
Storage in cold store
Container loading &
Transportation to port
Flow diagram of essential
operations of pomegranate
Exporters/Packers

34. EXPORT SPECIFICATIONS FOR POMOGRANATE
Middle East The Netherlands/Germany U.K.
Variety
Ganesh,
Bhagwa
300-450 gm Red 250-300 gm Red 250-300 gm Red
Arakata,
Mrudula
200-250 gm Deep red 200-250 gm Deep red
200-250 gm
Deep red
Packing 5 kg 3 kg 3 kg
Storage 5 °C 5 °C 5 °C
Export By Sea By Sea By Sea
Major export to : Middle East , U.K.
Varieties in Demand Internationally : Ganesh , Aarakta.

35. Consumer Preference
 Consumer preference - changing from
time to time and from country to country.
 Earlier, Ganesh variety with big sized fruits
was the preferred one, and the fruits were
exported to the Gulf countries.
 Now, in Europe and other parts of the
world, varieties such as Bhagwa (Kesar),
Mridula are the suitable and accepted ones.
 Soft seeded, coloured varieties with high
per cent of juice with easy to remove arils
are preferred.
 Fruits weighing more than 500 gms with
superior qualities - immediate and ready
acceptance in the international markets.

36. Export Potential
 The pomegranate fruit is considered an exotic in
European and Middle East countries.
 There is scope for exporting Indian
pomegranates to Bangladesh, Bahrain, Canada,
Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Kuwait, Sri
Lanka, Omen, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Singapore, Switzerland, U.A.E. and U.S.A.
 The other potential markets are, Belgaum,
Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Philippines,
South Africa, Brazil and Mexico.

37.  Needs to be towards lowering production cost by
increasing productivity.
 Suggested that special production areas for export need
to be developed .
 Pack house facilities need to be established in Karnataka
and Andhra Pradesh .
 The Brand needs to be popularized aggressively.
 Supplies from India need to be concentrated during
February to July months.
 Efforts need to be made to popularize pomegranates in
Canada, U.S.A., South American countries .
.
Measures for enhancing competitiveness for export

38. International
Trade
Requirement
Legislative
requirements
Tarriffs Non - Tarriffs
Non –
Legislative
requirements
GAP
Requirements for export

39. Commodity Tariff rates in %
Russia Ukraine Kazakhstan
Mango 3.75 3.00 3.75
Grapes 3.75 10.00 3.75
Pomegranate - - -
Litchi - - -
Banana 4.85 3.00 3.75
Pineapples 3.75 4.00 3.75
Tariff Rates in Russia, Ukraine and
Kazakhstan
Source: ITC Trade mark., 2010
* Duty varies depending upon season of
exports

40. Commodity
Tariff rates in %
Thailand Indonesia Philippines Malaysia
Mango free 25 15 60.82$/ton
Grapes free 5 7 5
Pomegranate Free - - -
Lychees
40% or 852.74
$/ton
5 10 5
Banana
40% or
852.74$/ton
5 15 364.96$/ton
Pineapples
40% or
852.74$/ton
5 10 228.17 $/ton
Current tariff rates in ASEAN countries
Source: ITC Trademap (www.trademap

41. EFFORTS OF INDIA ON TRADE
LIBERALIZATION
.
 India-Thailand Free Trade Agreement.
 India-Singapore Free Trade Agreement ..
 Same is the case with Australia; it is likely that FTA will be
concluded very shortly.
 FTA with South Korea has been finalized and is likely to be
signed by end of this year.
 Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (Bangkok agreement) .

42. Insecticide/Pesticide Max. Permissible
Limits(mgm/kg)-
Europe
Chlorothalonil 1.00
DDT (all isomers) 1.00
Dichlofluanid 10.00
Dicofol 2.00
Dieldrin 0.5
Endosulfan (all isomers) 0.50
Endrin 0.01
Lindane 0.5
Heptachlor 0.01
International Standards of Pesticide
Residue Levels
Source : Maharashtra
State Agri Marketing

43. Consumer Preference
New and Exotic Products
Changing life style
Food safety

44. ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS OF FRESH FRUIT EXPORT….
 Supply chain issues…..
 Market access issues …….
 Multiple safety standards …..
 Technological constraints …..
Constraints for Exports
More availability of cheap
labours.
Diversifying into new
markets and product
segments.
Post harvest loss
management itself to provide
funds for investment
Opportunities
Targeted Products
Improvement of market access
Supply chain alignment with international requirement
Integration of Government schemes
Improvement of A.E.Z.
Proposed solutions

45. CONCLUSION
 Although India is the largest producer of fruit in the world but
export in relation to production is very low.
 There is argent need to increase quality produce to improve
export.
 Need to popularization of standards among growers.
 Need to improve and adopt infrastructure for quality
produce.
 Adoption and effective implementation of above solutions
should lead to realization of vision related to the
enhancement of exports in the near future.

46. THANK You