Solid state drives use solid state memory like NAND flash instead of spinning disks. They have faster access times than hard disk drives. An SSD contains a controller, flash memory, and an interface. The controller manages read and write operations to the flash which is organized into pages and blocks. SSDs are found in devices like thumb drives, memory cards, and embedded systems. They provide benefits like faster startup, access, and application loading compared to HDDs. SSDs are used where fast storage access is important, like financial trading systems.

1. SOLID STATE DRIVES
Presented By:
Manmath Agarwal
IT-A
8th SEM

2. Contents
•History • SSD Architecture
•Solid State Drives • SSD Around us
•NAND Flash Memory • Inter x25 SSD- an
•SSD Elements Example
1. SSD Controller • Benefits of SSD
2. SSD Flash • SSD vs. HDD
3. SSD Interfaces • Application
•SSD Storage Scheme

3. History
• Storage Devices are evolved as the use of
machines is increasing.
Punch Cards (in 1940s).
Magnetic Tapes/Drives (in 1950s).
Hard Drives.
Solid State Drives.

4. Solid State Drive(SSD)
• SSD is an PC storage device that uses
Solid State memory to store information.
• SSD uses non volatile NAND Flash
Memory , which enables it to retain data
when the power is removed.

5. NAND Flash Memory
• NAND Flash Memory is the key component of
SSD.
• It is a specific type of EEPROM chip.
• It has a grid of columns and rows with a cell
that has two transistors at each intersection
as Control gate and Floating gate transistor.
• The principle of operation is based on
MOSFETs.

7. Types of NAND Flash
• Single Level Cell (SLC)
• Multi Level Cell (MLC)

8. SLC vs. MLC
ITEM SLC MLC
Voltage 3.3V/1.8V 3.3V
Chip Size 0.12um 0.16um
Page Size/Block Size 2KB/128KB 512B/32KB or 2KB/256KB
Access Time(Max.) 25us 70us
Endurance 100K 10K
Cost per Bit more Comparatively less
Write Data Rate 8MB/s+ 1.5MB/s

9. SSD Elements
SSD consists of basically three elements:
• SSD Controller.
• SSD Flash.
• SSD Interface.

10. SSD Controller
• Flash controller includes the electronics that
bridge the Flash memory components to the
SSD input/output interfaces.
• The controller is an embedded processor that
executes firmware-level software.

11. SSD Controller Block Diagram
• Processor
• ECC
• Flash Controller
• DRAM Controller
• I/O Interface
• Controller Memory
• Chip Configuration

12. SSD Flash
• Solid State Flash memory is available using NAND
technology.
• NAND Flash components come in densities from
1Gb (gigabit) to 64Gb per chip.
• NAND Flash components have structures called
pages and blocks.
• There is an Error Correction Code (ECC)
associated with each sector.
• NAND Flash has a limited rewrite endurance of
about 1,000,000 times per block.

13. SSD Flash Block Diagram
• Data Interface
• I/O Controller
• Control Logic
• Address Register
• Data/Cache register
• Status register
• Row/Column Decode
• Flash Array

14. SSD Interface
• Interface is used to connect the SSD with the
computer.
• Also, since SDDs are generally used in
conjunction with magnetic disk drives, a common
mass storage bus interface is used in most cases.
• SSD are available with a variety of system
interfaces based primarily on the performance
requirements:
Serial ATA
Serial attached SCSI
Fiber Channel
USB

15. SSD Storage Scheme
• Groups of NAND flash cells are organized into
pages and these pages are organized into
blocks.
• Read and write operations can be performed
on pages, but erase operations can only be
performed at the block level.
• This means that when rewriting a page, the
entire block must be erased first.
• The SSD controller manages this process.

17. • Page Size is

18. SSD Architecture

19. SSD Around Us
Solid-State Disks (SSD) Mobile Media Players
Embedded
Thumb Disks Multimedia Systems
Memory Cards

20. Intel x25 SSD- An Example
• Certified for 25 MB/s read speed and 70 MB/s
write speed.
• MLS SSD standard.
• 10-channel memory controller.
• Each channel is “responsible” for two
memory chips.
• http://www.insidehw.com/Reviews/
Storage/Intel-X25-M-SSD.html

21. Intel x25 SSD

22. Benefits of SSD
• Faster start up of Solid State Drive
• Faster access
• Faster application launch time
• More energy efficient
• More reliable
• More robust under extreme conditions
• Lighter

23. SSD vs. HDD
2.5” SATA 3.3 Gbps SSD 2.5” SATA 3.8 Gbps HDD
Solid NAND Flash based Mechanism Type Magnetic Rotating platters
64GB Density 80 GB
75gm Weight 365gm
Read: 100MB/s Performance Read: 59MB/s
Write: 80MB/s Write: 60MB/s
1W Active Power Consumption 3.86W
10-2000Hz Operating Vibration 22-350Hz
1500G/0.5ms Shock Resistance 170G/).5ms
0 °C– 70°C Operating Temperature 5°C– 55°C
None Acoustic Noise 0.3 dB
MTBF > 2M hours Endurance MTBF < 0.7M hours

24. Application
• SSDs were mainly used in those aspects
of mission critical applications where the speed
of the storage system needed to be as fast as
possible.
• Organizations that can benefit from faster access
of system data include equity trading
companies, telecommunication corporations,
and video streaming.
• SSD are used as cache at server side of
Enterprises.

25. References
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_drives
•http://www.storagereview.com/ssd_reference_g
uide
•http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/flash-
memory.htm
•http://i.dell.com/sites/content/business/solution
s/whitepapers/en/Documents/wp-2009-SSD.pdf

26. Thank You.

27. Queries ???

29. •SSD Architecture
•SSD Around us
•Inter x25 SSD- an Example
•Benefits of SSD
•SSD vs. HDD
•Application