green building

1. Green building
Green building materials &
Construction practices

2. Contents
oIntroduction To Green Building
oConcept
oDesign
oObjectives of green building
oFundamental principles
oComparison with other building
oImportance of Green Building
oBenefits of green building
oSome green materials
oTypical layout of green building
oMerits & demerits of green building
oGreen Building Concept In INDIA
oGreen building rating system in INDIA
oTop 10 green building in INDIA
oConclusion
oReferences

3. Introduction To Green
Buildings
Definition :- “It is the practice of
increasing efficiency with which buildings use
resources- energy, water and materials-while
reducing building impacts on human health
and the environment.”
``Green building technology should reach all''
• Green building (also known as green
construction or sustainable building) expands
and complements the building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
• A Green Building is one which uses less water,
optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides
healthier space for occupants as compared to
conventional buildings.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building)
refers to both a structure and the application of processes that
are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of
the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project
stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating
systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green

4. buildings which was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Other
certificates system that confirms the sustainability of buildings is the British
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment
Method) for buildings and large scale developments. Currently, World Green
Building Council is conducting research on the effects of green buildings on
the health and productivity of their users and is working with World Bank to
promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets through EDGE Excellence in
Design for Greater Efficiencies Market Transformation Program and
certification.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement
current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective of
green buildings is to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on
human health and the natural environment by:
 Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
 Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
 Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and
tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally.Other
related topics include sustainable design and green architecture.
Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
needs.Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the
retrofitting existing homes, others do, especially through public schemes for
energy efficient refurbishment. Green construction principles can easily be
applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.
A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12
sustainably-designed buildings that cost less to operate and have excellent
energy performance. In addition, occupants were overall more satisfied with
the building than those in typical commercial buildings. These are eco-
friendly buildings.
ConceptThe `Green Building' concept is gaining
importance in various countries, including
India. These are buildings that ensure that

5. waste is minimized at every stage during the
construction and operation of the building,
resulting in low costs, according to experts in
the technology.
The techniques associated with the `Green Building'
include measures to prevent erosion of soil,
rainwater harvesting, use of solar energy,
preparation of landscapes to reduce heat,
reduction in usage of water, recycling of waste
water and use of world class energy efficient
practices.
A similar concept is natural building, which is
usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on
the use of natural materials that are available
locally.
How To Make Green Building?
A green building is a
structure that is
environmentally
responsible and resourceefficient
throughout its
life-cycle. These
objectives expand and
complement the classical
building design, concerns
of
economy, utility, durabilit
y and comfort.
This one-day introduction course focuses on the evolution of green
buildings, the concept of sustainability in buildings, and the principles,
practices, and components that distinguish sustainable from conventional
buildings.
Upon completion of the course, participants should be able to:
• Recognize competency and standards implications of appraising green
buildings
• Understand the evolution of green buildings
• Understand the six elements of green building
• Identify benefits and costs of green buildings

6. • Recognize the green building certification and ratings programs for energy
conservation and sustainability
• Understand the primary areas of green reporting
• Understand highest and best use implications
• Consider the three approaches to value in context of green buildings.
Design
Architecturaldesign & Site planning
Bioclimaticarchitecturalprinciples
 Orientation
 Thermal mass

7.  Surface to volume ratio
 Positioning of windows , shading
 Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation
 Landscaping
Buildings in hot climate…
 Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall
insulation
 Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape
element
Buildings in cold climate…
 Large windows to capture sun
 Thermal mass to store heat
 Minimum Shading
 Insulated walls and windows
 Darker finishes
 Well protected north
Effect of orientation on cooling load
 North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%
Effect of efficient materials
 Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23
 Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall
ratio 7%)
Use onsite sources and sinks
 Day lighting
 Earth cooling
 Natural Ventilation (night cooling)
Earth cooling
 Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling
and heating techniques for about 8 months a year
 Lighting Design
The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparent
media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural
sunlight provides effective internal illumination.
 Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high
performance glazings limit associated solar gains.
 Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in
the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in
the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.

8.  Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy
efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation.
 Minimize site lighting where possible
 Full cutoff-luminaries
 Low-reflectance surfaces
 Low-angle spotlights
 Water System design
Landscaping & water use reduction
Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over
a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.
Successful Strategies:
 Drought tolerant plants
 Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies
 Recycled rainwater system
 Municipally-provided non-potable water source use
Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% Reduction
Successful Strategies:
 Dual flush water closets
 Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals
 Waterless Urinals
 Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories
 Rainwater collection reuse systems
 Graywater reuse systems
 Energy management system
Photovoltaic
 Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons
when exposed to light resulting in power generation.
 Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in
use.
 Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy
which has no adverse effects on the environment.
 23 kW solar photovoltaic system
55% energy savings over base building
Sustainability at Site
 Replace asphalt with concrete where possible
 Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks.
 Consolidate parking into a parking garage
 Bioswales
 Filtration basins (filters)

9.  Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds
 Vegetated filter strips
 Pervious paving
 Vegetated/Garden Roofs
 Energy Star rated roofing systems
 High reflectivity coatings
 Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning
The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation &
Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working
inside the building with “conditioned “ air .
“Conditioned” air means that air is clean and odor-free, and
the temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are
within certain comfort ranges
 Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an entire
campus of buildings
 Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the building
 Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate.
 Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating system for your
climate
 Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.
 Replace CFC-based refrigerant.
 Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative cooling
in dryer climates.
 Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass,
and bio-gas energy technologies
 Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building Automation
Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of
the required monitoring points.
 Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation.
 Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system design
automation.
 Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat
controlled VAV boxes.
 Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for
occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side
of the operable part of the window
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standards which outline air quality

10. for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a
commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort
conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between
68 degrees F and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees
F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for room air at
approximately 50% relative humidity and moving at velocity of 30 feet
per minute or slower
Renewable energy systems
Optimize energy performance
 Use of integrated building and system design process yields a
savings of up to 50-60% over conventionally designed buildings.
 Efficiency measures typically payback in 1-3 year time
Composite CommercialBuilding in 2020
 Solid state lighting integrated into hybrid solar daylighting systems
 Smart windows
 Photovoltaic roof shingles, walls, and awnings
 Solar heating and superinsulation
 Combined heat and power-gas turbines and fuel cells
 Intelligent building systems
CommercialBuildings
End uses requiring the greatest energy are lighting, space heating,
space cooling, and office equipment.
OBJECTIVES OF GREEN
BUILDING
• Green Buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact on human health and the natural
environment by the following ways:
• Using energy, water and other resources
efficiently.
• By reducing waste, pollution, and
environmental degradation.

11. FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES
• Structure design efficiency
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Materials efficiency
• Waste and toxic reduction
STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY:
 It is the concept of sustainable building and has
largest impact on cost and performance.
 It aims to minimize the enviornmment impact
associated with all life-cycles.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
 The layout of the construction can be strategised
so that natural light pours for additional warmth.
 Shading the roof with trees offers an eco-friendly
alternative to air conditioning
• WATER EFFICIENCY:
 To minimize water consumption one should
aim to use the water which has been collected,
used, purified and reused.
• MATERIAL EFFICIENCY:
 Materials should be use that can be recycled
and can generate surplus amount of energy.

12.  An example of this are solar power panels,not
only they provide lightening but they are also a
useful energy source.
• WASTE AND REDUCTION:
 It is probable to reuse resources.
 What may be waste to us may have anotherbenefit to something else.
COMPARISON WITH OTHER
BUILDING
• The design,maintaince and construction of
buildings have tremendous effect on our
enviornment and natural resources.
• Green Building is different from the other
buildings because it use a minimum amount of
nonrenewable energy, produce minimal pollution,
increases the comfort, health and safety of the
people who work in them.
• It also minimize the waste in construction by
recovering materials and reusing or recycling
them.
Green house v/s Traditional building
Green houses
In Tamil Nadu, the government is planning to build solar-powered green
houses for rural poor. It has allotted Rs.1058 crore for construction of
60,000 houses.
In Maharashtra, near Mumbai in the Thane District, Govardhan Eco Village, a
community in India, has built buildings with compressed stabilized Earth
blocks, Rammed Earth Technique, Cob Houses(ADOBE Bricks) with
traditional thatched roofs. These buildings have received a five-star rating
from GRIHA, an Indian Nationwide Green Standards for Buildings, a wing of
the famous TERI.

13. Traditional buildings
Traditional buildings were energy efficient because architecture depended
on the places. Buildings in the hot and dry regions, had corridors directing
the wind to cool naturally. In wet regions, structures using natural light and
breeze, were used. Some examples are
 Hawa Mahal - Articulated windows provides cool breeze in a desert
area
 Golkonda - Ventilation is designed to let in fresh cool breeze, in spite of
summer.
The traditional building practices were utilized in constructing
the Dhyanalinga. Mud mortar stabilized with lime, sand, alum and some
herbal additives was used.
Importance of Green
building.
Nowadays, we should make a way to maximize our natural resources
and also help our mother earth to get some relief since pollution is
everywhere plus the global warming that we are all experiencing.
Nonrenewable
energy is expensive and unsafe but did you know that
through green building we can save a lot of energy.
Before that, let's define first the meaning of green building (know also
as green construction is the practice of creating structures and using
processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient
throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction.
The importance of this is it lessen the consume of energy and the
pollution as well because the more we use nonrenewable energy the
higher the risk of pollution.
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING
• Buildings have a large effect on the

14. enviornment,human health and the economy.
• The successful adoption of GREEN
BUILDING development can maximize both
the economic and enviornmental performance
of the buildings.
ENVIORNMENTAL BENEFITS
• Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
• Improve air and water quality
• Reduce waste streams
• Conserve natural resources
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Reduce operating costs
• Create, expand, and shape markets for green
product and services
• Improve occupant productivity
SOCIAL BENEFITS
• Enhance occupant comfort and health.
• Heighten aesthetic qualities.
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure.
• Improve overall quality of life.

15. Some Green Materials
Source of Material
 Renewable sources: Forests
 Reuse from waste: old plumbing , doors
etc..

16. Wool brick
 Obtained by adding wool
and a natural polymer found
in seaweed to the clay of the
brick,
 37% More strength than
burnt bricks
 Resistant for cold and wet
Climate
Sustainable Concrete
 Crushed glass
 Wood chips or slag - byproduct of steel
manufacturing.
 Reduces the emission of
CO2

17. Solar Tiles
 Exist to simply protect
a building
 They spend a large
portion of the day
absorbing energy from
the sun.
Paper Insulation
 Made from recycled
newspapers and
cardboard
 Then filled with
chemical foam

18.  Insect resistant &fire
Retardant
Triple-Glazed Windows
 Super-efficient
windows
 Stops heat to enter the
building & from direct
sunlight
Eco Friendly
 Using Bamboo Replacing The Steel
Bars

19. Straw Bales
Rather than relying on new research and technology, straw bale
building hearkens back to the days when homes were built from natural,
locally-occurring materials. Straw bales are used to create a home’s walls
inside of a frame, replacing other building materials such as concrete, wood,
gypsum, plaster, fiberglass, or stone. When properly sealed, straw
bales naturally provide very high levels of insulation for a hot or cold
climate, and are not only affordable but sustainable as straw is a rapidly
renewable resource.

20. Grasscrete
As its name might indicate, grass Crete is a method of laying concrete
flooring, walkways, sidewalks, and driveways in such a manner that there
are open patterns allowing grass or other flora to grow. While this provides
the benefit of reducing concrete usage overall, there’s also another
important perk — improved stormwater absorption and drainage.
Rammed Earth
What’s more natural than the dirt under your feet? In fact, walls that have a
similar feel to concrete can actually be created with nothing more than dirt
tamped down very tightly in wooden forms. Rammed earth is a technology
that has been used by human civilization for thousands of years, and can last
a very long time. Modern rammed earth buildings can be made safer by use
of rebar or bamboo, and mechanical tampers reduce the amount of labor
required to create sturdy walls.

21. HempCrete
HempCrete is just what it sounds like – a concrete like material created from
the woody inner fibers of the hemp plant. The hemp fibers are bound with
lime to create concrete-like shapes that are strong and
light. HempCrete blocks are super-lightweight, which can also dramatically
reduce the energy used to transport the blocks, and hemp itself is a fast-
growing, renewable resource.
Bamboo
Bamboo might seem trendy, but it has actually been a locally-
sourced building material in some regions of the world for millennia. What
makes bamboo such a promising building material for modern buildings is
its combination of tensile strength, light weight, and fast-growing renewable
nature. Used for framing buildings and shelters, bamboo can replace
expensive and heavy imported materials and provide an alternative to
concrete and rebar construction, especially in difficult-to reach areas, post-
disaster rebuilding, and low-income areas with access to natural locally-
sourced bamboo.

22. Recycled Plastic
Instead of mining, extracting, and milling new components, researchers are
creating concrete that includes ground up recycled plastics and trash, which
not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but reduces weight and
provides a new use for landfill-clogging plastic waste.
Wood
Plain old wood still retains many advantages over more industrial building
materials like concrete or steel. Not only do trees absorb CO2 as they grow,
they require much less energy-intensive methods to process into
construction products. Properly managed forests are also renewable and
can ensure a biodiverse habitat.

23. Mycelium
Mycelium is a crazy futuristic building material that’s actually totally natural
– it comprises the root structure of fungi and mushrooms. Mycelium can be
encouraged to grow around a composite of other natural materials, like
ground up straw, in molds or forms, then air-dried to create lightweight and
strong bricks or other shapes.
Ferrock
Ferrock is a new material being researched that uses recycled materials
including steel dust from the steel industry to create a concrete-like building
material that is even stronger than concrete. What’s more, this unique
material actually absorbs and traps carbon dioxide as part of its drying and
hardening process – making it not only less CO2 intensive than traditional
concrete, but actually carbon neutral.

24. AshCrete
AshCrete is a concrete alternative that uses fly ash instead of traditional
cement. By using fly ash, a by-product of burning coal, 97 percent of
traditional components in concrete can be replaced with recycled material.
Timbercrete
Timbercrete is an interesting building material made of sawdust and
concrete mixed together. Since it is lighter than concrete, it reduces
transportation emissions, and the sawdust both reuses a waste product and
replaces some of the energy-intensive components of traditional concrete.
Timbercrete can be formed into traditional shapes such as blocks, bricks,
and pavers.

25. Typical Layout Of Green
Building
Merits & Demerits Of
Green Building
Merits Of Green Building
 Efficient Technologies
 Easier Maintenance
 Return On Investment

26.  Improved Indoor Air Quality
 Energy Efficiency
 Water Efficiency
 Waste Reduction
 Temperature Moderation
 Water Conservation
 Economical Construction For Poor
 Healthier Lifestyles and Recreation
 Improved Health.
 Cost:
The construction costs are the same as a standard building and sometime
they cost a little bit more as they require special materials to be built.
However, a regular building costs won’t stop after its construction since
money will always be spent on maintenance, renovation, operation or
even demolition.
This doesn’t mean that green buildings won’t need maintenance,
renovation, operation or even demolition as well, but being built of
natural resources all that re-doing stuff will take ages till done as they

27. are not damaged that fast hence, investing in green building is 10 times
more profitable than standard ones.
 Efficiency:
This here is divided to the following:-
 A- Water efficiency:
Green buildings don’t know the meaning of “wasted”, they recycle rain
water and grey water and use them for toilet flushing for instance.
 B- Energy Efficiency:
These buildings save energy more than those built out of bricks. They
only depend on all renewable energy resources such solar power,
hydro-power and wind power which are used for heat and electricity
and help improve the indoor air quality.
 C- Material Efficiency:
Green buildings are built from natural, non-toxic and recycled
materials that don’t cost much and Eco-friendly such as bamboo, straw,
recycled metal or concrete..etc.
 Preserving infrastructure:
Being efficient in both energy and water supply, these buildings stretch
the capacity of local infrastructure greatly.
 High ROI rates:

28. Considering that these buildings are all natural, they have huge return
on investment rates and properties in these buildings sell at high
prices.
DEMERITS OF GREEN BUILDING
 INITIAL COST IS HIGH
 AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS
 NEED MORE TIME TO CONSTRUCT
 NEED SKILED WORKER
 Location:
Since these buildings depend on sun for energy, they need to be located
in position that will have the best sun exposure which may demand
placing them opposite to other neighborhood homes.
 Availability:

29. The materials to build such buildings can be hard to find especially in
urban areas where preserving the environment is not the people’s first
option.
So shipping these materials can then cost a lot than a standard
building.
 No air cooling features:
These buildings run on heat to generate power, so they are not
designed for hot areas as they do not have any ventilation systems, so
air conditioners will be required which will make these buildings
anything but Eco-friendly.
Green Building Concept
In INDIA
A green building is one which uses less energy, water and natural resources,
creates less waste and is healthier for the people living inside compared to a
standard building.
• Energy saving to the extent of 30 - 40 %.
• Enhanced indoor air quality.
• Higher productivity of occupants.
• Potable water saving to the tune of 20% - 30%.
• Enhanced day light & Ventilation.
• Green buildings have a smarter lighting system that automatically switches
off when no one is present inside the rooms.
• Simple technologies like air based flushing system in toilets that avoids
water use by 100%.

30. • Use of energy efficient LED’s and CFL’s instead of conventional
incandescent lamp.
Green building ratings in India
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
• LEED
LEED is an internationally recognized green building certification system,
providing third-party verification that a building or community was
designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across
all the metrics that matter most: Energy savings, water efficiency, CO2
emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality and
stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts.
The Indian Green Building Council has adapted LEED system and has
launched LEED India version for rating of new construction.
• GRIHA
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is India’s own
rating system jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is a green building design
evaluation system where buildings are rated in a three-tier process.
The GRIHA Rating System contains 34 evaluation criteria with 100 points.
These criteria have been categorized into (i) Site Planning including
conservation and efficient utilization of resources, health and wellbeing
during building planning and construction stage (ii) Water Conservation (iii)
Energy Efficiency including energy embodied & construction and renewable
energy (iv) Waste Management including waste minimization, segregation,
storage, disposal and recovery of energy from waste and (v) Environment
for good health and wellbeing.
Commonwealth Games Village, New Delhi, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, CESE
(Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering) Bldg, IIT Kanpur have
received GRIHA ratings.
• TERI
• ADaRSH
• MNRE
GREEN BUILDING POLICY
& CODES

31.  NATIONAL BUILDING CODE (NBC)
 THE BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS)
 ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING
CODE (ECBC)
 THE BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (BEE)
BEE developed its own rating system for the buildings based on a 1 to 5
star scale. More stars mean more energy efficiency.
BEE has developed the Energy Performance Index (EPI). The unit of
Kilo watt hours per square meter per year is considered for rating the
building and especially targets air conditioned and non-air conditioned
office buildings.
The Reserve Bank of India’s buildings in Delhi and Bhubaneshwar, the
CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre and many other buildings
has received BEE 5 star ratings.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
 ASSESSMENT (EIA)
 THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL
&FORESTS (MoFE)
Green building rating system in india
Three primary rating systems for Green buildings in India
For the past few years, the word ‘Green Buildings’ is continuously hogging
limelight in the media. Some of us might have seen the Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII) – Green Business Centre building in Hyderabad which
is one of the green buildings in India. Now the question comes up – what
exactly are these structures? How are different from other buildings? And
why are they green?
We can define Green Buildings as structures that ensure efficient use of
natural resources like building materials, water, energy and other resources
with minimal generation of non-degradable waste. Technologies like
efficient cooling systems have sensors that can sense the heat generated
from human body and automatically adjust the room temperature, saving
energy. It applies to lighting systems too. Green buildings have a smarter
lighting system that automatically switches off when no one is present
inside the rooms. Simple technologies like air based flushing system in
toilets that avoids water use by 100%, Use of energy efficient LED’s and

32. CFL’s instead of conventional incandescent lamp, new generation appliances
that consume less energy, and many other options help in making the
buildings green and make them different from conventional ones.
What is Green building certification and why is it required?
Whether Green buildings are really green is to be decided against the
predefined rating systems. There are three primary Rating systems in India.
1. GRIHA
2. IGBC
3. BEE
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is India’s own
rating system jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is a green building design
evaluation system where buildings are rated in a three-tier process. The
process initiates with the online submission of documents as per the
prescribed criteria followed by on site visit and evaluation of the building by
a team of professionals and experts from GRIHA Secretariat. GRIHA rating
system consists of 34 criteria categorised in four different sections. Some of
them are –
(1) Site selection and site planning,
(2) Conservation and efficient utilization of resources,
(3) Building operation and maintenance, and
(4) Innovation.
Commonwealth Games Village, New Delhi, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, CESE
(Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering) Bldg, IIT Kanpur, Suzlon
One Earth, Pune and many other buildings has received GRIHA rating
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
The Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) is the rating
system developed for certifying Green Buildings. LEED is developed by the
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the organization promoting
sustainability through Green Buildings. LEED is a framework for assessing
building performance against set criteria and standard points of references.
The benchmarks for the LEED Green Building Rating System were developed
in year 2000 and are currently available for new and existing constructions.

33. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) formed the Indian Green Building
Council (IGBC) in year 2001. IGBC is the non profit research institution
having its offices in CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, which is
itself a LEED certified Green building. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
has licensed the LEED Green Building Standard from the USGBC. IGBC
facilitates Indian green structures to become one of the green buildings.
IGBC has developed the following green building rating systems for
different types of building in line and conformity with US Green Building
Council. Till date, following Green Building rating systems are available
under IGBC;
1. LEED India for New Construction
2. LEED India for Core and Shell
3. IGBC Green Homes
4. IGBC Green Factory Building
5. IGBC Green SEZ
6. IGBC Green Townships
Some examples of LEED rated building in India
Sr.
No
Green Buildings Rating received
1 ABN Amro Bank N.V., Ahmedabad LEED ‘Platinum’
rated
2 American Embassy School, Delhi LEED ‘Gold’ rated
3 Anna Centenary Library Building, LEED ‘Gold’ rated

34. Chennai
4 Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd
(BCIL) – Bangalore
LEED ‘Platinum’
rated
5 Birla International School, Jaipur LEED ‘Gold’ rated
6 CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business
Centre
LEED ‘Platinum’
rated
7 ITC Green Centre – Gurgaon LEED ‘Platinum’
rated
8 Olympia Technology Park – Chennai LEED ‘Gold’ rated
9 Rajiv Gandhi International Airport –
Hyderabad
LEED ‘Silver’ rated
10 Suzlon Energy Limited – global
headquarter in Pune
LEED ‘Platinum’
rated
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has developed green building rating
programmes to cover commercial, residential, factory buildings, etc., Rating
programmes would help projects to address all aspects related to
environment and is an effective tool to measure the performance of the
building/ project.
IGBC rating system addresses green features under the following
categories:
 Site Preservation & Restoration
 Site Planning & Design
 Water Efficiency
 Energy Efficiency
 Materials & Resources
 Innovation & Design Process
Different rating systems under IGBC certification are:
 IGBC Green Homes rating system
 IGBC Green Factory Building rating system
 IGBC Green SEZ Rating System

35. Each rating system divided int to different levels of certification are as
follows.
‘Certified’ to recognise best practices
‘Silver’ to recognise outstanding performance
‘Gold’ to recognise national excellence
‘Platinum’ to recognise global leadership
The threshold criteria for certification levels changes with rating systems.
IGBC Green Homes Rating System:
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Green Homes is the first rating
programme developed in India, exclusively for the residential sector. It is
based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a
balance between known established practices and emerging concepts. The
system is designed to be comprehensive in scope, yet simple in operation.
Benefits of Green Homes
A Green Home can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible.
The immediate and most tangible benefit is in the reduction in water and
operating energy costs right from day one, during the entire life cycle of the
building.
Eligibility
IGBC Green Homes Rating System is a measurement system designed for
rating new residential buildings which include construction categories such
as
Individual homes
High rise residential apartments,
Gated communities
Row houses
Existing residential buildings which retrofit and
redesigned in accordance with the IGBC Green Homes criteria.
IGBC Green Homes Process:
The project team can evaluate all the possible points to apply under the
rating system using a suitable checklist. The project can apply for IGBC

36. Green Homes certification if it can meet all mandatory requirements and
achieve the minimum required points.
Green Home should meet certain mandatory requirements, which are non-
negotiable.
The various levels of rating awarded are:
The rating system caters to projects like individual houses, apartments,
motels, resorts, hostels, etc., Amongst the different types, projects are
broadly classified into two categories:
Projects where interiors are part of scope of work
Projects where interiors are not part of the scope of work
Interiors include but not limited to materials like interior finishes &
furniture and appliances like refrigerators, fans, lights etc., As a general
guideline, individual owners can use the checklist ‘Projects with Interiors’
and developers & builders can use the checklist titled ‘Projects without
Interiors’. However, if the context varies, projects can adopt the one which
is the closest fit.
Certification Level Points for projects
with interiors
Points for
projects witho
ut interiors
Certified 32 – 39 30 – 36
Silver 40 – 47 37 – 44
Gold 48 – 59 45 – 55
Platinum 60 – 80 56 – 75
IGBC Green Factory Building rating system
GBC Green Factory Rating System is a voluntary and consensus based
programme. The rating system has been developed based on the
contemporary materials and technologies. This rating system would
facilitate the development of green factories. The rating system evaluates
certain credit points using a prescriptive approach and other credits on a
performance based approach. The rating system is evolved so as to be
comprehensive and at the same time user-friendly.
The existing factory buildings should address the following measures
(illustrative) before applying for certification:
 Soil erosion control measures in future
 Changes in design to accommodate requirements of differently abled
people, like

37.  easy access to lifts, rest rooms etc.,
 Change to low flow water fixtures
 Rainwater harvesting
 Limit turf areas
 Have policy for use of green materials in future
 Minimum fresh air ventilation
 Comfort conditions
 Use eco-friendly housekeeping materials
The rating system is valid for 3 years. On completion of 3 years, projects can
validate /renew based on the prevailing latest version.
IGBC Factory Building Certification Levels:
Certified levels Points
Certified 51-60
Silver 61-70
Gold 71-80
Platinum 81-100
IGBC Green SEZ Rating System-Pilot Version
IGBC along with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) has
prepared the Green SEZ guidelines. IGBC has further developed IGBC Green
SEZ Rating System as an extension of the Green SEZ guidelines which
encourages the projects to exceed the requirements of many codes and
standards.
The rating system has been developed based on materials and technologies
that are presently available. The objective of IGBC Green SEZ is to facilitate
the creation of energy efficient, water efficient, healthy, comfortable and
environmentally friendly SEZ.
The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive
approach and other credits on a performance based approach. The rating
system is evolved so as to be comprehensive and at the same time user-
friendly.
The rating programme uses well accepted national standards and wherever
local or national standards are not available, appropriate international
benchmarks have been considered.
IGBC Green SEZ Certification Levels:
Certified levels Points
Certified 51-60

38. Silver 61-70
Gold 71-80
Platinum 81-100
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
BEE developed its own rating system for the buildings based on a 1 to 5 star
scale. More stars mean more energy efficiency. BEE has developed the
Energy Performance Index (EPI). The unit of Kilo watt hours per square
meter per year is considered for rating the building and especially targets
air conditioned and non-air conditioned office buildings. The Reserve Bank
of India’s buildings in Delhi and Bhubaneshwar, the CII Sohrabji Godrej
Green Business Centre and many other buildings have received BEE 5 star
rating
Indians were aware of Green Building concepts from the
beginning. Conventional homes with baked red colour roof tiles and clay
made walls is a really good example of energy efficient structures that are
used to keep cool during summers and warm during the winters. Most of
rural India is still attached to this building technology with naturally
available materials like clay, wood, jute ropes, etc. Today we have advanced
technologies that create smarter systems to control inside temperature,
lighting systems, power and water supply and waste generation. Green
buildings might be a bit heavy on the pursebut are good for the
environment. In this rapidly changing world, we should adopt the
technology that helps us to save precious natural resources. This would lead
us to true sustainable development.

39. Top 10 green building in
India
With bleaching coral reefs, rising global temperature and melting ice caps –
Mother Earth is dying. Thanks to the concept of green buildings, we are able
to save our only source of life – The Earth. India is amongst the few
countries spearheading the green building movement worldwide. The
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is a part of the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) in the year 2001. The council’s vision was to build a feasible
environment for India by 2025. Let’s look at some of the benefits of green
building.
And to bring the efforts of some of the top pioneers in limelight, here we are
listing the top 10 green buildings in India.

40. 1. Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune
based architect and has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. To ignite
our eyes, he and his partner came up with the concept “Office in the garden”.
Spread over 10 acres, this magnificent structure is one of the largest green
building projects of the country and is also one of the India’s first buildings
to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy
consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind
turbines. The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight
exposure thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption. The
infrastrutcture within the campus is designed to enable water percolation
and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an
increased water table level.

41. 2. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA), Hyderabad
India’s 6th busiest airport, which is situated in the downtown of
Hyderabadhas set a benchmark for the green buildings in India.
The structure of the airport is designed in a way so as to consume less water,
electricity and conserves natural resources. Within the campus of the
airport, there is a green belt of 273 hectares with numerous plants. In the
last couple of years, RGIA has been successful in saving energy for nearly
3.97 million kWh and have reduced the carbon footprint by 3331 tons.

42. 3. CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green BusinessCentre, Hyderabad
This architectural masterpiece has set the world’s best example of passive
architectural design. The CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Center (GBC)
was the was the first building outside of the US to be awarded LEED
platinum rating at the time of its inaugration. The buildingdoesn’t let out any
waste and recycles it all within. It can be said that building is literally made
up of only recycled materials.

43. 4. Infosys Limited, Mysore
Located in the city of palaces, this green building is an awe-inspiring
structure is the third Infosys building to win a Platinum rating, taking the
total Platinum certified building area at Infosys to 780,000 sq ft. The 5
storey structure has been built keeping in mind a holistic approach to
sustainability in five key areas, including – Sustainable site development,
Water savings, Energy efficiency, Materials selection and Indoor
environmental quality.The smart mechanism and efficient equipments lead
to 40% of less energy consumption.

44. 5. Infinity Benchmark, Kolkata
At the time of its inauguration, this 20 storey structure which is spread over
5,60,000sq.feet was 7th building in the world to receive the LEED Platinum
rating. The building is furnished with Co2 monitor sensors, rainwater
harvesting, waste water recycling system and humidification controls. The
exterior of the building is made of brick wall block while the roof comprises
of deck thick polyurethane foam for better insulation.

45. 6. I-Gate Knowledge Centre, Noida
Next on the list of green buildings is the Patni Knowledge Centre with the
prestigious platinum LEED rating. The building is built over 4,60,000 sq.ft.
in Suburban Noida and is designed in a way that it captures 73% of daylight
within the office. Nearly 50% of land is covered with grass which doesn’t let
wastes and sewage water go out.

46. 7. Bank Of India, Goa
A world of eco-friendly lights and air-conditioning, intelligent glazing,
modern capsule lifts, and indoor fountains – this is what sums of this
popular bank in Goa. The building uses Nano Misty Blue, softening colour
glass manufactured by Saint Gobin Glass, India for producing the cool effect
and saving energy. The glass has solar control and thermal insulation
properties. The building is a complete package of modern look of today’s
bank.

47. 8. Ansal Esencia, 67 Sector, Gurgaon
This is another masterpiece by Indian architects that wants to be a part of
the Green eco Revolution. The features of this building are viable sources of
energy; all electronics are made for maximum energy conservation, splendid
bicycle tracks, environ benches, bins, poles and bus stops and drought
resistant campus.
9. BiodiversityConservationIndiaLtd. (BCIL), Bangalore
In 1994, BCIL was established when green building concept was foreign to
all of us and was something one could not locate even with long-range radar.
The building was established with an aim of creating eco-friendly living

48. habitats, especially in the urban space. It is a wonderful example of smart
homes where one can turn lights off using mobile phones.
That’s not all. The building has 44 interconnected rainwater percolation
wells that lead to a 400,000 litre water tank. The building makes use of
central reverse osmosis system to purify water without the use of chemicals.
Grey water is directed to the gardens, toilets and for washing cars.
10. OlympiaTech Park Chennai
Located in technological nerve centre of the city, Olympia Tech Park is one of
the largest and most sought after IT parks in Namma Chennai. This majestic
structure is worldwide famous for being the first green building of its size
(1.8 million sq.ft.) and has some of the best fortune-100 companies
operating in it.
Rated as one of the largest LEED Gold ratig buildings of the world, this tech
park has the lowest energy consumption, high natural lighting systems, 100
per cent water recycling and other environment-friendly practices.

49. Studies says, By 2030 the Indian building stock is expected to reach 100
billion square feet compared to the existing 25 billion square feet. And to
add on to the number, we are coming up with our latest green building
project in the heart of Chennai.

50. CONCLUSION
This research identified the exciting developments
taking place on the technology front and analyzes
their implications for intelligent and green buildings,
highlighting examples of “best in class” buildings
employing green and intelligent technologies. These
buildings are dynamic environments that respond to
their occupants‟ changing needs and lifestyles. This
research provided documented evidence to educate
and influence end-users, building owners, architects,
and contractors that a “greener building” can be
achieved using intelligent technology and that this
“greening” will provide a tangible and significant
return on investment.

51. REFRENCES
o Buildings.html
o http://www.biperusa.org/6-objectives-of-greenbuilding.
o Html
o http://www.brighthub.com/environment/greenliving/
o articles/51601.aspx
o http://ecenter.colorado.edu/greening-cu/greenbuilding
o http://www.chillibreeze.com/articles/top-10-greenbuildings-
o in-India-1011.asp
o http://gbindia.wordpress.com/igbc-rating-system-2/
o GRIHA, IGBC,USGBC and BEE official websites
o http://www.greenbuildingsindia.com/Green-
o http://www.igbc.in/site/igbc/tests.jsp?event=22869