This document provides an overview of key concepts related to product and brand management. It discusses 1) the definition of product and the various levels of a product, 2) different types of consumer and industrial products and product life cycles, 3) new product development process and testing, 4) product line and brand decisions including strategies and repositioning, and 5) the importance of packaging and labeling. The document aims to outline fundamental marketing considerations for managing products and brands effectively.

1. Chapter 5 Product
 The Best Way to hold customers is to
constantly figure out how to give them more or
less.

2. The learning objectives
 Product
 Product classification
 Product life-cycle strategies
 New-product Development
 Product-line decision
 Brands decisions

3. 1. What is product?
 Anything that can be offered to a market for
attention,acquisition,use,or consumption that
might satisfy a want or need.

4. Components of the
Market Offering
Value-based prices
Services mix
and quality
Product features
and quality
Attractiveness of
the market offering

5. Service and Experience
 Service—Any activity or benefit that one party
can offer to another that is essentially
intangible and does not result in the ownership
of anything.

6. Discussion
 Disney
 starbucks

7. Five Product Levels
Potential product
Augmented product
Expected product
Basic product
Core benefit

8. Levels of Product
 Core product
 Actual product
 Augmented product

9. Core product
 Core benefit or service

10. Actual product
 Quality level
 Features
 Design
 Package
 Brand name

11. Augmented product
 Installation
 After-sale service
 Warranty
 Delivery and credit
 Attached benefit

12. 2. Product classifications
 Consumer products
 Industrial product
 Organizations, persons, places, and ideas

13. Consumer product
 Convenience products
 Shopping products
 Specialty
 unsought

14. Specialty ProductsSpecialty Products Unsought ProductsUnsought Products
Shopping ProductsShopping Products
Buy less frequently
> Gather product information
> Fewer purchase locations
> Compare for:
• Suitability & Quality
• Price & Style
Convenience ProductsConvenience Products
Special purchase efforts
> Unique characteristics
> Brand identification
> Few purchase locations
New innovations
> Products consumers don’t
want to think about.
>Require much advertising &
personal selling
Buy frequently & immediately
> Low priced
> Many purchase locations
> Includes:
• Staple goods
• Impulse goods
• Emergency goods
Consumer-Goods Classification

15. Industrial Product
 Material and parts
 Capital items
 Supplies and services

16. 3.Product Life Cycles (PLC)
 The course of a product’s sale and profit over it
lifetime.It involves five distinct stages:product
development,introduction,growth,maturity,and
decline.

17. Sales & Profit Life Cycles
IntroductionIntroduction GrowthGrowth MaturityMaturity DeclineDecline
TimeTime
SalesSales&&profitsprofits($)($)

18. Introduction stage
 The product life-cycle stage in which the new
product is first distributed and made available
for purchase.

19. Sales & Profit Life Cycles
IntroductionIntroduction GrowthGrowth MaturityMaturity DeclineDecline
TimeTime
SalesSales&&profitsprofits($)($)

20. Four Introductory
Marketing Strategies
Rapid-Rapid-
skimmingskimming
strategystrategy
Rapid-Rapid-
skimmingskimming
strategystrategy
Rapid-Rapid-
penetrationpenetration
strategystrategy
Rapid-Rapid-
penetrationpenetration
strategystrategy
Slow-Slow-
penetrationpenetration
strategystrategy
Slow-Slow-
penetrationpenetration
strategystrategy
Slow-Slow-
skimmingskimming
strategystrategy
Slow-Slow-
skimmingskimming
strategystrategy
PricePrice
LowLow
HighHigh
PromotionPromotion
HighHigh LowLow

21. Growth stage
 The product life-cycle stage in which a
product’s sales start climbing quickly.

22. Maturity stage
 The stage in the product life cycle in which
sales growth slows or levels off.
 Modify the market,the product,and the
marketing mix.

23. Decline Stage
 The product life cycle stage in which a
product’s sales decline

24. Discussion
 Please list the marketing objectives and strategies for
each stage.
 2.what strategic option are open to the marketers of
products in the mature stage of the product life cycle?
 3.which product life-cycle stage, if any,is the most
important?which stage is riskiest?which stage appears
to hold the greatest profit potential? Be certain to
explain the thinking behind each of your answer.

25. 4.The international PLC

26. 5.new-product development
 What is new product?
 Major stages in new product development

27. What is new product?
 Original products
 Product improvements
 Product modifications
 New brands that the firm develops through its
own research and development efforts

28. Major stages in new product
development
 Idea generation
 Idea screening
 Concept development and testing
 Marketing strategies
 Business analysis
 Product development
 Test marketing
 Commercialization

29. New Product Development
Process
IdeaIdea
GenerationGeneration
ConceptConcept
DevelopmentDevelopment
and Testingand Testing
MarketingMarketing
StrategyStrategy
DevelopmentDevelopment
IdeaIdea
ScreeningScreening
BusinessBusiness
AnalysisAnalysis
ProductProduct
DevelopmentDevelopment
MarketMarket
TestingTesting
CommercializationCommercialization

30. Probability of Success
ProbabilityProbability
of technicalof technical
completioncompletion
OverallOverall
probabilityprobability
of successof success ==
Probability ofProbability of
commercializationcommercialization
given technicalgiven technical
completioncompletion
XX
Probability ofProbability of
economiceconomic
success givensuccess given
commercializationcommercialization
XX

31. Concept Development & Testing
1. Develop Product Ideas into
Alternative Product Concepts
1. Develop Product Ideas into
Alternative Product Concepts
2. Concept Testing - Test the Product
Concepts with Groups of Target Customers
2. Concept Testing - Test the Product
Concepts with Groups of Target Customers
3. Choose the Best One3. Choose the Best One

32. High price/oz.High price/oz.
LowincaloriesLowincalories
Low price/oz.Low price/oz.
HighincaloriesHighincalories
Product & Brand Positioning
(a) Product-positioning(a) Product-positioning
mapmap
(breakfast market)(breakfast market)
ExpensiveExpensive
SlowSlow
InexpensiveInexpensive
QuickQuickBacon
and
eggs
Pancakes Instant
breakfast
Cold
cereal
Hot
cereal
b) Brand-positioningb) Brand-positioning
mapmap
(instant breakfast market)(instant breakfast market)
Brand C
Brand B
Brand A

33. Conjoint AnalysisBrand nameBrand name
--
--
--
--
--
UtilityUtility
1.01.0
00 | | |
K2R Glory BissellK2R Glory Bissell
Retail PriceRetail Price
UtilityUtility
--
--
--
--
--
1.01.0
0
| | |
$1.19 $1.39 $1.59$1.19 $1.39 $1.59
Good Housekeeping Seal?Good Housekeeping Seal?
UtilityUtility
1.01.0
--
--
--
--
--
00 | |
No YesNo Yes
UtilityUtility
Money-BackMoney-Back
Guarantee?Guarantee?
1.01.0
--
--
--
--
--
00
| |
No YesNo Yes

34. Consumer-Goods Market Testing
Sales-
Wave
Research
Test offering trail to
a sample of
consumers in
successive
periods.
Sales-
Wave
Research
Test offering trail to
a sample of
consumers in
successive
periods.
Simulated
Test Market
Test in a simulated
shopping environment
to a sample of
consumers.
Simulated
Test Market
Test in a simulated
shopping environment
to a sample of
consumers.
Standard
Test Market
Full marketing campaign
in a small number of
representative cities.
Standard
Test Market
Full marketing campaign
in a small number of
representative cities.
Controlled
Test Market
A few stores that have
agreed to carry new
products for a fee.
Controlled
Test Market
A few stores that have
agreed to carry new
products for a fee.

35. 2 1
/2%
Innovators
13 1
/2%
Early
adopters
34%
Early
majority
34%
Late
majority
16%
Laggards
Time of adoption innovations
Adopter Categorization of the Basis of Relative Time of
Adoption of Innovations

36. 6.product-line decision
 Product mix
 Product-line analysis
 Product –line length

37. Product mix(assortment)
 The set of all products and items that a
particular seller offers for sale.
 A company’s product mix has a certain
width,length,depth, and consistency.

38.  Width:how many different product lines.
 Length:the total number of items.
 Depth:how many variants are offered of each
product in the line.
 Consistency:how closely related the various
product lines are in end use,production
requirement,distribution channels, or some
other way.

39. Product Mix
WidthWidth - number of
different product
lines
WidthWidth - number of
different product
lines
LengthLength - total
number of items
within the lines
LengthLength - total
number of items
within the lines
DepthDepth - number of
versions of each
product
DepthDepth - number of
versions of each
product
Product Mix -Product Mix -
all the product
lines offered
Product Mix -Product Mix -
all the product
lines offered
Consistency

40. Product-line analysis
 Sales and profit
 Market profile

41. Product-Line Length
 Line Stretching
– Downmarket
– Upmarket
– Two-way
 Line Filling
 Line Modernization
 Line Featuring & Line Pruning

42. Line stretching
 Downmarket stretch
 Upmarket stretch
 Two-way stretch

43. Two-Way Product-Line Stretch:
Marriott Hotels
Quality
Economy SuperiorStandard Good
PricePrice
High
Above
average
Average
Low Fairfield Inn
(Vacationers)
Courtyard
(Salespeople)
Marriott
(Middle
managers)
Marriott
Marquis
(Top
executives)

44. Line filling
 Quality—price analysis

45. 6.Brand Decision
 What is brand?
 Band decision

46. What is brand?
 Brand is a name,term,sign,symbol,or design,or
a combination of them,intended to identify the
goods or services of one seller or group of
sellers and differentiate them from those of
competitors.

47. What is a Brand?
Attributes Benefits Values
Culture
User
Personality

48. discussion
 What is difference between product and
brand?
 How to define the line cycle of a brand?

49. An Overview of
Branding Decisions
Branding
Decision
•Brand
•No brand
Brand-
Sponsor
Decision
•Manu-
facturer
brand
•Distribu-
tor
(private)
brand
•Licensed
brand
Brand-
Name
Decision
•Individual
brand
names
•Blanket
family
name
•Separate
family
names
•Company-
individual
names
Brand-
Repositioning
Decision
•Reposi-
tioning
•No
reposi-
tioning
Brand-
Strategy
Decision
•Line
extension
•Brand
extension
•Multi-
brands
•New
brands
•Cobrands

50. Brand decision
 1.to brand or not to brand?
 2.brand-sponsor decision
 3.Brand-name decision
 4.brand-strategy decision
 5.brand-reposition decision

51. brand-sponsor decision
 Manufacturer brand
 Distributor brand
 Licensed brand

52. Brand-name decision
 Individual
 Blanket family
 Separated family
 Company-individual family

53. Good Brand Names:
Suggest
Product
Benefits
Distinctive
Lack Poor
Foreign
Language
Meanings
Suggest
Product
Qualities
Easy to:
Pronounce
Recognize
Remember

54. Brand Strategies
Brand
Extension
New
BrandName
Product Category
Line
Extension
Existing
Existing
MultibrandsNew New
Brands

55. brand-strategy decision
 Line extensions
 Brand extensions
 New brands
 cobrands

56. brand-reposition decision
 Reposition
 No reposition

57. Why Package Crucial as a
Marketing Tool
 Self-service
 Consumer affluence
 Company & brand image
 Opportunity for innovation

58. Labels
IdentifyIdentifyIdentifyIdentify
DescribeDescribeDescribeDescribe
PromotePromotePromotePromote

59. Assignment
 Case study : P425